Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Solution of Abel’s Integral Equation by

using Soham Transform
Patil Dinkar Pitambar, Wagh Shivali Nanasaheb, Bachhav Tejas Popat
K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce and A.M. Science College, Nashik

Abstract:- Integral transform play very important role transformed is used by Patil [14] to solve parabolic
in solving ordinary, partial as well as fractional boundary value problems.
differential equations. It is also useful for solving integral
equations, integro-differential equations and system of Laplac, Sumudu , Aboodh , Elazki and Mahagoub
equations. In this paper we use Soham transform for transforms are compared and used it for solving boundary
solving Abel’s integral equations. value problems by Dinkar Patil [15]. D. P. Patil et al [16]
solved Volterra Integral equations of first kind by using
Keywords:- Integral transforms, Soham transform, Abel’s Emad-Sara transform. Futher Derle, Rahane and Patil[17]
integral equations. introduced general double rangaig integral transform. Rathi
sisters and D. P. Patil [18] solved system of differential
I. INTRODUCTION equations by using Soham transform. Vispute, Jadhav and
Patil [19] used Emad Sara transform for solving telegraph
Recently, integral transforms are one of the most equation. Kandalkar, Zankar and Patil [20] evaluate the
useful and simple mathematical technique for obtaining the improper integrals by using general integral transform of
solutions of advance problems occurred in many fields like error function. Dinkar Patil, Prerana Thakare and Prajakta
science, Engineering, technology, commerce and Patil [21] obtained the solution of parabolic boundary value
economics. To provide exact solution of problem without problems by using double general integral transform. Dinkar
lengthy calculations is the important feature of integral Patil used Emad- Falih transform for solving problems based
transforms. on Newton’s law of cooling [22]. D. P. Patil et al [23] used
Due to this important feature of the integral transforms Soham transform to obtain the solution of Newton’s law of
many researchers are attracted to this field and are engaged cooling. Dinkar Patil et al [24] used HY integral transform
in introducing various integral transforms. Recently, for handling growth and Decay problems, D. P. Patil et al
Kushare and Patil [1] introduced new integral transform used HY transform for Newton’s law of cooling [25]. D. P.
called as Kushare transform for solving differential Patil et al [26] used Emad-Falih transform for general
equations in time domain. Further, Savita Khakale and solution of telegraph equation. Dinkar Patil et al [27]
Dinkar Patil [2] introduced Soham transform in November introduced double kushare transform. Recently, D. P. Patil et
2021. As researchers are interested in introducing the new al [28] solved population growth and decay problems by
integral transforms at the same time they are also interested using Emad Sara transform. Alenzi transform is used in
in applying the transforms to various fields, various population growth and decay problems by patil et al [29].
equations in different domain. In January 2022, Sanap and Thete et al [30] used Emad Falih transform for handling
Patil [3] used Kushare transform for obtaining the solution growth and decay problems. Nikam, Patil et al [31] used
of the problems on Newton’s law of Cooling. Kushare transform of error functions in evaluating improper
integrals. Wagh sisters and Patil used Kushare [32] and
In April 2022 D. P. Patil, et al [4] solved the problems Soham [33] transform in chemical Sciences. Malpani,
on growth and decay by using Kushare transform. D.P. Patil Shinde and Patil [34] used Convolution theorem for Kushare
[5] also used Sawi transform in Bessel functions. Further, transform and applications in convolution type Volterra
Patil [6] evaluate improper integrals by using Sawi integral equations of first kind. Raundal and Patil [35] used
transform of error functions. Laplace transforms and Shehu double general integral transform for solving boundary
transforms are used in chemical sciences by Patil [7]. Dinkar value problems in partial differential equations. Patil et al
Patil [8] used Sawi transform and its convolution theorem [36] developed generalized double rangaig integral
for solving wave equation. Using Mahgoub transform, transform. Kushare transform is used for solving Volterra
parabolic boundary value problems are solved by D .P. Patil Integro-Differential equations of first kind by Shinde et al
[9]. [37]. Kandekar et al [38] used new general integral equation
to solve Abel’s integral equations. Pardeshi, Shaikh and
D .P. Patil [10] used double Laplace and double Patil[39] used Kharrat Toma transform for solving
Sumudu transforms to obtain the solution of wave equation. population growth and decay problems. Patil et al [40] used
Further Dr. Patil [11] also obtained dualities between double Kushare transform for evaluating integrals containing
integral transforms. Kandalkar, Gatkal and Patil [12] solved Bessel’s functions. Thakare and Patil [41] used general
the system of differential equations using Kushare integral transform for solving mathematical models from
transform. D. P. Patil [13] solved boundary value problems health sciences. Rathi sisters used Soham transform for
of the system of ordinary differential equations by using analysis of impulsive response of Mechanical and Electrical
Aboodh and Mahgoub transforms. Double Mahgoub oscillators with Patil [42]. Patil [43] used KKAT transform
for solving growth and decay problems.

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Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
II. PRELIMIANRY Convolution Theorem for Soham Transform, If f and
g are two functions then
In this section we state some preliminary concepts of
𝑡
Soham transform which are useful for solving Abel’s
integral equations. Now we state formulae of Soham (𝑓 ∗ 𝑔)(𝑡) = ∫ (𝑡 − 𝜏)𝑔(𝜏)𝑑𝜏 ⇒ 𝒮(𝑓 ∗ 𝑔)(𝑡)
0
transform of simple functions in following table. = 𝑣{𝐹(𝑣)𝐺(𝑣)}
Sr. No Function Soham transform  Inverse Soham Transform: Inverse Soham transform of
1 1 1 f(t) is P(v) then inverse Soham transform is defined as
𝑣 𝛼+1
𝒮 −1 [𝑃(𝑣)] = 𝑓(𝑡)
2 𝑡 1
𝑣 2𝛼+1
3 𝑡𝑛 ⎾(n + 1)
𝑣 𝛼𝑛+𝛼+1
4 𝑒 𝑎𝑡 1
𝛼
𝑣(𝑣 + 𝑎)
5 sinat 𝑎
𝑣(𝑣 + 𝑎2 )
2𝛼

6 cosat 𝑣𝛼
𝑣(𝑣 2𝛼 + 𝑎2 )
7 sinhat 𝑎𝑣
𝑣(𝑣 2𝛼 − 𝑎2 )
8 coshat 𝑣𝛼
𝑣(𝑣 2𝛼 − 𝑎2 )
Table 1: Soham transform of simple functions

III. SOLVING ABEL’S INTEGRAL EQUATION USING SOHAM TRANSFORM:

In this section, Soham transform is going to be used to find the exact solution of Abel’s integral equation.
Abel’s integral equation is defined as,
𝑥 𝑥
1 1
𝑓(𝑥) = ∫ 𝑢(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = ∫ (𝑥 − 𝑡)−2 𝑢(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 (1)
𝑡=0 √(𝑥 − 𝑡) 𝑡=0

1
1
Where, k(x, t) = = (𝑥 − 𝑡)−2 is the kernel of integral equation becomes ∞ at 𝑡 = 𝑥, 𝑓(𝑥) function is known function,
√𝑥−𝑡
and 𝑢(𝑥) is unknown function.

By applying Soham transform on both sides of equation (1)

𝑥
1
𝒮{f(x)} = 𝒮 {∫ 𝑢(𝑡)𝑑𝑡}}
𝑡=0 √𝑥 −𝑡
1
⇒ 𝒮{f(x)} = 𝒮{𝑥 −2 ∗ 𝑢(𝑥)} (2)

By applying Convolution theorem of Soham transform on equation (2)

1
𝒮{f(x)} = 𝑣. 𝒮 {𝑥 −2 } . 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)},

−1
⎾( + 1)
2
⇒ 𝒮{f(x)} = 𝑣. 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)}. −1
𝛼( )+𝛼+1
𝑣 2

−1
⎾( ) √𝜋 √𝜋
2
⇒ 𝒮{f(x)} = 𝑣. 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)}. 𝛼
+1
⇒ 𝒮{f(x)} = 𝑣. 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)}. 𝛼
+1
⇒ 𝒮{f(x)} = 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)}. 𝛼
+1−1
𝑣2 𝑣2 𝑣2

𝛼
−𝛼
√𝜋 𝑣2 𝑣𝛼
⇒ 𝒮{f(x)} = 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)}. 𝛼 ⇒ 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} = 𝒮{f(x)} ⇒ 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} = (√𝜋. 𝑣 2 . 𝒮{f(x)}) (3)
𝑣2 √𝜋 𝜋

𝑥 1
Let ,ℎ(𝑥) = ∫0 (𝑥 − 𝑡)−2 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 (∗)

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Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
1
−
𝒮{h(x)} = 𝑣. 𝒮 {𝑥 } . 𝒮{𝑓(𝑥)}
2

1
⎾ ( 2)
∴ 𝒮{h(x)} = 𝑣 𝒮{𝑓(𝑥)}. 𝛼
𝑣 2 +1
−𝛼
√𝜋
⇒ 𝒮{h(x)} = 𝒮{𝑓(𝑥)} 𝛼 ⇒ 𝒮{h(x)}= 𝒮{𝑓(𝑥)} (√𝜋. 𝑣 2 )
𝑣2

vα
By equation (3) 𝒮{u(x)} = π
𝒮{h(x)}(4)
1 1
Now, 𝒮[ℎ′(𝑥)] = 𝑣 𝛼 𝑃(𝑣) − f(0) ⇒ 𝒮[ℎ′(𝑥)] = 𝑣 𝛼 𝒮[ℎ(𝑥)] ⇒ 𝒮{h(x)} = 𝒮[ℎ(𝑥)]
𝑣 𝑣𝛼

By equation (4)
𝑣𝛼 1 1
𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} = 𝒮[ℎ′(𝑥)] ⇒ 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} = 𝒮[ℎ′ (𝑥)](5)
𝜋 𝑣𝛼 𝜋

Taking inverse of Soham transform equation (5);

1 ′
𝑢(𝑥) = ℎ (𝑥)
𝜋
1 𝑑
∴ 𝑢(𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥) (6)
𝜋 𝑑𝑥
Substituting (∗) 𝑖𝑛 (6);

1 𝑑 𝑥 1
𝑢(𝑥) = [ ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡] (7)
𝜋 𝑑𝑥 𝑡=0 √𝑥 − 𝑡

The result (7) is the required exact solution for Abel’s integral equation (1).

IV. APPLICATIONS

In this section, Soham transform is going to be used to solve some Abel’s integral equations.

 Application (1): Consider the Abel’s integral equation:

𝑥
1
𝑥=∫ 𝑢(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 (8)
𝑡=0 √𝑥 −𝑡

Applying Soham transform equation (8)

𝑥 1
1 ⎾(1+1) ⎾(2) √𝜋
𝒮(x) = 𝒮 {∫𝑡=0 𝑢(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 } ⇒ = 𝑣. 𝒮 {𝑥 −2 } . 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} ⇒ = 𝑣. 𝛼 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)}
√𝑥−𝑡 𝑣 𝛼+𝛼+1 𝑣 2𝛼+1 𝑣2
+1

1 √𝜋
⇒ = 𝑣. 𝛼 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} … … . ∵ ⎾(2) = 1
𝑣 2𝛼+1 𝑣 2 +1
𝛼 𝛼
+1 +1
1 𝑣 𝛼+1 𝑣2 .𝑣 −2𝛼−2 𝑣2 .𝑣 −2𝛼−2
⇒ 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} = 𝑣 2𝛼+1 . 𝑣.√𝜋 ⇒ 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} = ⇒ 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} =
√𝜋 √𝜋

−3𝛼
−1
𝑣 2 1 1 1 1
⇒ 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} = ⇒ 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} = [ 3𝛼 ] ⇒ 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} = [ 𝛼 ]
√𝜋 √𝜋 +1 √𝜋 𝑣 2 +𝛼+1
𝑣2

Taking inverse of Soham Transform,

1 1
u(x) = 𝒮 −1 [ 𝛼 ]
√𝜋 𝑣2 +𝛼+1

1
2
then u(x) = 𝜋 𝑥 2

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Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
The concluded result is the required exact solution for Abel’s integral equation (8).

 Application (2):Consider the Abel’s integral equation:

𝑥
1
1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥2 = ∫ 𝑢(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 (9)
𝑡=0 √𝑥 −𝑡

Applying Soham transform equation (9)

𝑥
1
𝒮{1} + 𝒮{x} + 𝒮{𝑥 2 } = ∫ 𝑢(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑡=0 √𝑥 −𝑡
1 ⎾(2) ⎾(3) 1
∴ + + 3𝛼+1 = 𝒮 {𝑥 −2 ∗ 𝑢(𝑥)}
𝑣 𝛼+1 𝑣 2𝛼+1 𝑣
1 1 2 √𝜋
Applying convolution theorem, + + =. 𝑣. 𝛼 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)}
𝑣 𝛼+1 𝑣 2𝛼+1 𝑣 3𝛼+1 𝑣2
+1

1 1 2 √𝜋
⇒ + + = . 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)}
𝑣 𝛼+1 𝑣 2𝛼+1 𝑣 3𝛼+1 𝑣 𝛼2

Then,
𝛼
𝑣2 1 1 2
𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} = [
𝛼+1
+ 2𝛼+1 + 3𝛼+1 ]
√𝜋 𝑣 𝑣 𝑣

1 1 1 2
𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} = [ 𝛼 + 3𝛼 + 5𝛼 ]
√𝜋 𝑣 2 +1 𝑣 2 +1 𝑣 2 +1

1 1 1 2
𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} = [ −𝛼 + 𝛼 + 3𝛼 ]
√𝜋 𝑣 2 +𝛼+1
𝑣2 +𝛼+1
𝑣 2 +𝛼+1
Taking inverse of Soham Transform,

1 1 1 2
𝑢(𝑥) = 𝒮 −1 { −𝛼 + 𝛼 + 3𝛼 }
√𝜋 𝑣 2
+𝛼+1
𝑣 2
+𝛼+1
𝑣 2
+𝛼+1

Then
1 −1 −1 8 3
𝑢(𝑥) = [𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 ]
𝜋 3
The concluded result is the required exact solution for Abel’s “ (9)”

 Application (3): Consider the Abel’s integral equation:

𝑥
1
3𝑥 2 = ∫ 𝑢(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 (10)
𝑡=0 √𝑥 −𝑡
Applying Soham transform equation (10)
𝑥
1
3𝒮 = 𝒮 {∫ 𝑢(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 }
𝑡=0 √𝑥 −𝑡
3.2 1
= 𝒮 {𝑥 −2 ∗ 𝑢(𝑥)}
𝑣 3𝛼+1
Applying convolution theorem,
6 1
= 𝑣. 𝒮 {𝑥 −2 } . 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)}
𝑣 3𝛼+1

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Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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6 √𝜋
⇒ = 𝑣. 𝛼 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)}
𝑣 3𝛼+1 𝑣 2 +1
6 √𝜋
⇒ = 𝛼 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)}
𝑣 3𝛼+1 𝑣2
𝛼
6 𝑣2
⇒ 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} = .
𝑣 3𝛼+1 √𝜋
1 6
𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} = . 5
√𝜋 𝑣 2
𝛼+1

1 6
𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} = [ 3 ]
√𝜋 𝑣 2𝛼+𝛼+1

Taking inverse of Soham Transform,

6 1
𝑢(𝑥) = 𝒮 −1 { 3 }
√𝜋 𝑣 2
𝛼+𝛼+1

Then
8 3
𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑥2
𝜋
The concluded result is the required exact solution for Abel’s “ (10)”

 Application (4): Consider the Abel’s integral equation:

𝑥
4 3 1
𝑥2 = ∫ 𝑢(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 (11)
3 𝑡=0 √𝑥 − 𝑡

Applying Soham transform equation (11)

𝑥
4 3 1
𝒮 {𝑥 2 } = 𝒮 {∫ 𝑢(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 }
3 𝑡=0 √𝑥 − 𝑡

3 1
4 ⎾(2+1)
Then 3
3 2𝛼+𝛼+1
== 𝒮 {𝑥 −2 ∗ 𝑢(𝑥)}
𝑣

5 1 1 1
4 ⎾(2) 4 3 √𝜋 √𝜋
⇒3 5
𝛼+1
= 𝒮 {𝑥 −2 ∗ 𝑢(𝑥)} ⇒ 3.4 5𝛼
+1
= 𝒮 {𝑥 −2 ∗ 𝑢(𝑥)} ⇒ 5𝛼
+1
= 𝒮 {𝑥 −2 ∗ 𝑢(𝑥)}
𝑣2 𝑣2 𝑣2

Applying convolution theorem,

√𝜋 1
5𝛼 == 𝑣. 𝒮 {𝑥 −2 } . 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)}
+1
𝑣 2

√𝜋 √𝜋
∴ 5𝛼 == 𝑣. 𝛼 . 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)}
𝑣 2
+1
𝑣 2 +1
𝛼
𝑣2 1 1
⇒ 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} = 5𝛼
+1
⇒ 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} = 𝑣 2𝛼+1 ⇒ 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} = 𝑣 𝛼+𝛼+1
𝑣2

Taking inverse of Soham Transform,

1
𝑢(𝑥) = 𝒮 −1 { 𝛼+𝛼+1 }
𝑣
Then 𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑥

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Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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The concluded result is the required exact solution for Abel’s integral equation(11).

 Application (5): Consider the Abel’s integral equation:

𝑥
8 3 1
2 √𝑥 + 𝑥 2 = ∫ 𝑢(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 (12)
3 𝑡=0 √𝑥 − 𝑡

Applying Soham transform equation (11)

𝑥
1 8 3 1
2𝒮 {𝑥 2 } + 𝒮 {𝑥 2 } = 𝒮 {∫ 𝑢(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 }
3 𝑡=0 √𝑥 − 𝑡

1 3
⎾ ( + 1) 8 ⎾ (2 + 1) 𝑥
1
2
⇒ 2 𝛼 + 3𝛼 = 𝒮 {∫ 𝑢(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 }
𝑣 2 +𝛼+1 3 𝑣 2 +𝛼+1 𝑡=0 √𝑥 − 𝑡

3 5
⎾ ( 2) 8 ⎾ ( 2) 𝑥
1
⇒2 𝛼 + 3𝛼 = 𝒮 {∫ 𝑢(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 }
𝑣 2 +𝛼+1 3 𝑣 2 +𝛼+1 𝑡=0 √𝑥 − 𝑡

Applying convolution theorem,

√𝜋 8 3 √𝜋 1
2 𝛼 + . 3𝛼 = 𝑣. 𝒮 {𝑥 −2 } . 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)}
2(𝑣 2
+𝛼+1
) 3 4 𝑣 2 +𝛼+1

√𝜋 √𝜋 √𝜋 1 2 √𝜋
⇒ 𝛼
+𝛼+1
+2 3𝛼
+𝛼+1
= 𝑣. 𝛼
+1
. 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} ⇒ √𝜋 ( 3𝛼
+1
+ 5𝛼
+1
)= 𝛼 . 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)}
𝑣2 𝑣2 𝑣2 𝑣2 𝑣2 𝑣2

𝛼
1 2 1 2 1 2
⇒ 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} = 𝑣 2 ( 3𝛼
+1
+ 5𝛼
+1
) ⇒ 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} = 𝛼+1 + 2𝛼+1 ⇒ 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} = 𝛼+1 + 𝛼+𝛼+1
𝑣 𝑣 𝑣 𝑣
𝑣2 𝑣2

Taking inverse of Soham Transform,

1 1
𝑢(𝑥) = 𝒮 −1 { 𝛼+1 + 𝛼+𝛼+1 }
𝑣 𝑣
Then, 𝑢(𝑥) = 1 + 2𝑥

The concluded result is the required exact solution for Abel’s integral equation (12).

 Application (6): Consider the Abel’s integral equation:

𝑥
3 2 1
𝜋𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 (13)
8 𝑡=0 √𝑥 − 𝑡

Applying Soham transform equation (13)

𝑥
3 1
𝜋𝒮{𝑥 2 } = 𝒮 {∫ 𝑢(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 }
8 𝑡=0 √𝑥 − 𝑡

1
3 2𝜋
Applying convolution theorem, 8 𝑣 3𝛼+1
= 𝑣. 𝒮 {𝑥 −2 } . 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)}
𝛼
3 𝜋 √𝜋 3 𝜋 √𝜋 3 𝜋 𝑣2
⇒ 4 𝑣 3𝛼+1 = 𝑣. 𝛼
+1
. 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} ⇒ 4 𝑣 3𝛼+1 = 𝛼 . 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} ⇒ 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} =
4 𝑣 3𝛼+1
𝑣2 𝑣2 √𝜋
3 √𝜋
⇒ 𝒮{𝑢(𝑥)} =
4 𝑣 5𝛼
2
+1

3√𝜋 1
Taking inverse of Soham Transform, 𝑢(𝑥) = 𝒮 −1 { 5𝛼 }
4 +1
𝑣2
3
Then, 𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑥 2

The concluded result is the required exact solution for Abel’s integral equation (13).

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Volume 8, Issue 1, January – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
V. CONCLUSION differential equations, International Journal of
Advanced Research in Science, communication and
In this paper, Soham transform has been used to find Technology, Vol.6, Issue 1, June 2021, pp. 67-75.
the exact solution for the Abel’s integral equation. It has [14.] D. P. Patil, Double Mahgoub transform for the
been concluded from solving some Abel’s problems using solution of parabolic boundary value problems,
Soham transform that Soham transform is successful tool Journal of Engineering Mathematics and Stat., Vol.4,
which gives the same solution given by using other integral Issue (2020).
transform easily. [15.] D. P. Patil, Comparative Sttudy of Laplace ,Sumudu ,
Aboodh , Elazki and Mahgoub transform and
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ISSN No:-2456-2165
Research and Analytical Reviews, Vol. 9, Issue 2, Differential equation of first kind , International
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