PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Quarter 1 – Week 1
First Aid
PHYSICAL EDUCATION – Grade 9
Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) – Based Exemplar
Quarter 1 – Week 1: First Aid
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of
the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be
necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may,
among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this exemplar are owned by their
respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and
seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners.
The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Development and Quality Assurance Teams

Writer: JENY V. AGRAVA
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: _________________________
Language Editor:
Content Evaluator:
Layout Evaluator: ______________________
Management Team: PSDS/DIC
___________________

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Rationale

Project PPE (Portfolio Predicate on Exemplar) is a backup contingency response of

the Schools Division of Surigao del Sur for learning delivery and learning resource
which parallel to the on-going endeavors of the higher offices in the Department. It
is the utilization of a lesson exemplar that is streamlined in a teacher-and-learner-
friendly format to cater to the new classroom setup in light of the COVID-19 health
crisis. These exemplars will be paired with a self-contained and self-instructional
portfolio.

The portfolio is a deliberate collection of works that highlight a learner’s effort that
would enable the him/her to see his/her growth and achievement, ability to reflect
on his/her own work and ability to establish goals for future learning.

Introductory Message

For the teacher:

Welcome to the Physical Education 9- First Quarter –Week 1 Exemplar on First Aid.

This exemplar was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

from different schools in the Division to assist you in helping the learners meet the
standards anchored on Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) set by the
Department while overcoming the constraints in schooling brought by the COVID-19
pandemic.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

As a teacher, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this exemplar in
the fit modality. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning through portfolio assessments.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Physical Education 9- First Quarter-Week 1 Exemplar on First Aid.

This exemplar was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner, either at home or in school. To help you with this, this exemplar comes with a
Weekly Portfolio Assessment. Your teacher will provide you with a template and you
will be given a privilege to organize the portfolio in your own creative way.

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This exemplar has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the

What I Need to Know
competencies you are expected to learn in
the exemplar and the objectives you are
expected to realize.

This part includes an activity that aims to

What I Know
check what you already know about the
lesson to take.

This section provides a brief discussion of the

What is It
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

This section provides an activities which will

What I Can Do (1,2,3, &
4) help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

This task aims to evaluate your level of

What I Have Learned
mastery in achieving the learning
objectives.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

This contain instructions about recording

Portfolio Goal Setting
your positive, realistic goals before going
through this exemplar.

This contain instructions about completing

Portfolio Completion -Your
the components of the portfolio. This also
Growth Clue!
includes a rubric to guide you of how your
portfolio will be assessed.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this exemplar.

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 What I Need to Know

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Content Standard: The learner demonstrates understanding of lifestyle and weight

management to promote community fitness.

Performance Standard: The learner maintains an active lifestyle to influence the

physical activity participation of the community.

Objectives: Performs appropriate first aid for injuries and emergency situations in
physical activity and sports settings (e.g. cramps, sprain heat exhaustion)
PE9PF-lb-30

After going through this exemplar, you are expected to:

A. Knowledge: Identify the common injuries that may happen during a

sports officiating activity.
B. Skill: Simulate the application of appropriate first aid techniques to
specific injuries that may occur in a sports officiating activity; and,
C. Attitude: Suggest possible ways to alleviate the suffering of an injured
officiating official.

Portfolio Goal Setting

Using the Portfolio Assessment Template provided by your teacher along with
this exemplar, accomplish now your weekly goal setting. Refer to the objectives
above. Think of positive and realistic goals that you can considerably achieve with
this exemplar. List them as your plans. Remember: Do not proceed with this exemplar
unless you have accomplished your goal setting.

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 What I Know

A. Refer to the Learner’s Material - PAR-Q (Physical Activity Readiness

Questionnaire) in Physical Education and Health 9, page 3-4.
B. Refer to the Learner’s Material - Fitness Assessment in Physical Education and
Health 9, page 5-6.

Processing Question:
1. What did the result of the Fitness Test reveal about your present fitness level?
2. Which tests did you score satisfactorily? Poorly? What should you do about it?
3. Which of the two levels of activity intensity did your heart rate fall during the
conduct of the Fitness Test? (Moderate or Vigorous)
4. How important is taking your THR when participating in a certain physical
activity?

What is It

Let’s Learn!
First aid is an emergency care or immediate treatment given to an ill or injured
person before regular medical help can be done or applied.

Sprains
A sprain is a common injury. It usually happens when ligaments or tendons get
forced, twisted or torn. A ligament is a sheet or band of tough tissue connecting
bones or supporting muscles or organs. A tendon is a cord of tissue that attaches the
muscle to a bone. The areas usually affected are the ankles, wrists, shoulders and
hips. The signs are pain, swelling and difficulty of moving the affected area. Change
in skin color may appear later. It may take weeks before the injury is completely
healed.

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Dislocations
Sudden stretching, twisting or pulling of the bone results in a dislocation. Here, a
bone dislocates or moves away from its normal position or location at a joint. A joint
is a part in the body where two bones are joined or connected. A bad fall or too
much body movement may result in dislocations.

The most common dislocations occur in the shoulder, elbow or finger.

The signs of a dislocation are swelling, pain, tenderness and change in skin color of
the area. The area may appear abnormal. There may be a bump or a hollow.

If you suspect a dislocation, do not move the area. You may use a splint. A splint is
any device or object that may be used to support the dislocated body part and
keep it from being moved.

Try to keep the joint elevated or above the level of the heart to make the flow of
blood slowly to the area. More importantly, no attempt at all should be made if there
is an open wound near the dislocated area.

Fractures
Have you ever had a broken bone? A broken bone is called a fracture. A fracture
must be carefully handled. The most common signs of a fracture are:

♦ Pain at the affected area.

♦ The area may or may not appear normal. There may be swelling, a bump or a
hollow.

♦ The victim cannot put weight on the area without experiencing pain.

♦ A scratching or rough feeling or sound may be present when the injured area is
moved.

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There are two kinds of fracture:

A closed or simple fracture does not break or pierce through the skin. If it is not
properly cared for, it could be further injured. If you believe there is a fracture:

♦ Check for swelling around the affected area.

♦ There may be a change in the color of the skin. If the victim complains of
tenderness and pain in the area or says that he felt or heard a bone break, bring him
to a doctor immediately.

An open or compound fracture pierces through the skin. There may be serious
bleeding. Do not apply pressure to an open fracture to stop the bleeding.

Knee Injuries
Knee injuries can result from a blow or twist to the knee, from improper landing after
a jump or from running too hard, too much or without proper warm up.

Home treatment

For sprains and strains

Minor sprains and strains can be treated at home using the following measures. Start
treatment as soon as possible to reduce swelling and speed up recovery. The less
swelling, the more blood can get to the injured part to start the repair process.
• Apply the R.I.C.E. method.
• Do not apply heat during the first two days as this will only increase swelling.
• Use paracetamol for the first day of the injury, to reduce pain without increasing
bleeding. Thereafter, ibuprofen (or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatories) or aspirin
is a good choice. Don’t give aspirin to a child younger than 16 years.
• Apply Arnica oil to reduce swelling.
• Remove rings immediately if the injury is to the hand or fingers.
• After 48 hours, start moving the limb gently, but only enough not to cause pain.
• Gradually increase the range of movement – let pain be your guide. Strains usually
heal in about a week. Sprains may take up to three weeks to heal.

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For fractures
• Apply the R.I.C.E method.
• Keep the limb in the position you found it and place soft padding around the
broken bones. Splint the injury with something rigid, such as rolled up newspaper or
magazines, to prevent the bones from shifting. Don’t move the broken bones. Splints
must be long enough to extend beyond joints above and below the fracture.
• If there is an open fracture, cover it with a clean gauze pad. Apply pressure to
control bleeding. Don’t try to push the bone back into the wound and don’t
attempt to clean it.
• Get medical attention immediately. Fractures of the femur and pelvis may cause
severe internal bleeding.
• Don’t give the person anything to eat or drink in case surgery is needed.

See a doctor if:

• You suspect a fracture or dislocation or if you are unsure of the severity of a sprain
or strain.
• You cannot straighten the affected joint or bear weight on it, or if a joint feels
unstable.
• The skin over the injury area is broken.
• The limb below the injury feels numb or tingling, or is white, pale or blue in colour,
or feels colder compared to the other healthy limb.
• The ligaments of the knee are injured.
• You injure an area that has been injured several times before.
• Pain is severe or lasts longer than 24 hours, or if swelling doesn’t subside within 48
hours.
• A sprain or strain doesn’t improve after five to seven days.
• Signs of infection develop.

Prevention

• Many exercise-induced injuries can be prevented. Don’t be a “weekend warrior”.

Get yourself into shape gradually with a graded exercise program. Listen to your
body. Warm up properly and cool off after exercising. Use proper equipment and
the correct technique.
• Use common sense to prevent injury in everyday life. Don’t carry heavy objects.
Watch where you step. Keep your home safe.
• To prevent falls, older adults should keep their muscles strong by exercising or
doing tai chi.

R.I.C.E method

• Rest the injured part, especially for the first 24 to 48 hours after the injury – this is the
most critical time of treatment. Avoid any activity that causes pain or makes it
worse. Use crutches if the leg, foot or ankle is injured. Support an injured wrist, arm or
shoulder with a sling. Tape an injured toe or finger to its healthy neighbor.
• Ice is an excellent anti-inflammatory and reduces swelling and pain. Apply an ice
pack or cold compress for 10 to 15 minutes as soon as possible after an injury.
Repeat each hour for the first 3 or 4 hours, then 4 times a day for the next 2 to 3 days.
Protect your skin with a thin cloth. If ice packs are not available, a packet of frozen
vegetables in a cloth will do.

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• Compression also reduces swelling. Use elastic bandages for at least 2 days.
Check that the bandage is snug, but not too tight. Take the bandage off at night.
• Elevation drains fluids from injured tissues. Elevate the injured area whenever you
are sitting or lying down. Try to keep the injured area at or above the level of the
heart.

What I Can Do 1

Read the following statements carefully. Tell whether each statement is correct or
incorrect. Write your answers in the space provided.
_______________ 1. A fracture means a broken bone.
_______________ 2. A dislocation occurs when sudden stretching or twisting of a bone
moves a joint out of place.
_______________ 3. A sprain usually happens when a bone is broken.
_______________ 4. You should not move the broken part of a victim’s body.
_______________ 5. Keep the affected part of a sprain below the level of the heart.
_______________ 6. Put an icebag over a dislocated joint.
_______________ 7. There is no need to bring a fracture victim to a hospital.
_______________ 8. The waist is the area usually affected by a sprain.
_______________ 9. Make sure that the splint for the fracture is very tight.
_______________10. A victim of a dislocation does not need first aid.

What I Can Do 2

Instruction:

• Group yourselves into 2. Assign a leader for each group. Find a partner within the
group. Label yourself and your partner as A and B, A being the victim or injured
official and B being the first aider.
• Assemble columns, 1 for the As and another for the Bs per group. Bring with you
your first aid kits.
• As your teacher blows the whistle, all As shall pretend to be injured, it is your
discretion as to what injury you would portray. The next whistle signals the Bs to
employ appropriate first aid techniques to their partners who are pretending to be
injured. The last whistle signals you to stop.
◊ Example: sprain, strain, dislocation, and fracture
• Explain your work by pair.

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 What I Can Do 3

Study the following situations. Give the proper first aid for each injury. Write your
answers on the space provided.

1. What will you do if a friend of yours accidentally fractured his lower left arm
and the bone pierced through the skin?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Your sister dislocated her wrist bone when she lifted a heavy bag.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. A woman sprained her ankle while exercising.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Directions:

A. Let’s find out what you have learned about the topic. In the blanks provided,
write True if the statement is true, and write False if it is false.
_______ 1. A sudden twist or pulling of the bone causes a dislocated joint.

_______ 2. An X-ray can show how serious a fracture is.

_______ 3. Keeping the sprained part elevated above the level of your heart will help
reduce the swelling.

_______ 4. The splint used in any kind of fracture should be tight.

_______ 5. A person with a broken bone should not be made to move.

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 B. Match Column A with Column B. Match each step in the RICE treatment with
its name. Write your answer in the blank before the number of each
statement.
Column A Column B

_____ 1. Wrap an elastic bandage around a. Rest

the injured area to keep the ice in place.
_____ 2. Place the injured area above the b. Ice
level of the heart to make the flow of blood
slowly to the injury.
_____ 3. Apply an icebag or a cold pack c. Compression
to the injured area to prevent or reduce
the swelling.
_____ 4. Avoid using or moving the affected d. Elevation
area to prevent further pain or injury.

C. Write the letter of the correct answer in the space before the number of each
statement.
_____ 1. To ease the pain of a mild sprain, what should be done?
a. Apply an ice pack on it. c. Apply oil on the sprain.
b. Massage the area. d. Rub the area with alcohol.

_____ 2. To find out how serious the bone fracture is, what is the best thing to do?
a. Have its picture taken. c. Feel the skin.
b. Take an X-ray. d. Massage the area.

_____ 3. A dislocated bone can only be set back in place by __________.

a. anyone available c. an expert with this kind of injury
b. a midwife d. a dentist

_____ 4. What may happen if the splint is too tight?

a. It will not cause any harm. c. It will lessen the pain.
b. The flow of blood might be interrupted. d. None of the above.

_____ 5. Your brother was given first aid for a dislocation, but after two weeks it was
still swollen and painful. What should he do?
a. There’s nothing to worry about. c. Consult a doctor.
b. Loosen the bandage. d. Tighten the splint.

_____6. An emergency care or immediate treatment given to an ill or injured person

before regular medical help can be done or applied.
a. Medicine Kit c. First Aid
b. R.I.C.E Method d. None of the above.

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 Answer Key

4. B 6. C
3. C 5. C
2. B
1. A C.
10. INCORRECT 4. A
9. INCORRECT 3. B
8. INCORRECT 2. D
7. INCORRECT 1. C B.
6. INCORRECT 5. TRUE
5. INCORRECT 4. FALSE
4. CORRECT 3. TRUE
3. INCORRECT 2. TRUE
2. CORRECT 1. TRUE A.
1. CORRECT
Learned
What I Can Do What I Can Do 1 What I Have

What I Can Do 3
1. I will cover the injured area with a clean fresh pad or a light bandage. I will
prevent his lower left arm from being moved by using a splint. I can roll some
newspaper and place them at the side of the arms and tie them together. I
will make sure that the splint is not too tight so as not to interrupt the flow of
blood in the area. I will immediately call a doctor or bring my friend to a
hospital for proper medical treatment. While waiting for the doctor, I will avoid
moving my friend, but I will keep him warm, comfortable and calm.

2. I will not move the injured area. I will use a splint to support his dislocated wrist
bone and prevent it from being moved. I will place the area above the level
of the heart to make the flow of blood slowly to the injured area. I will call a
doctor to set the bone back to its proper location.

3. I will give the RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation) treatment. I will
prevent movement or use of her ankle. I will put ice on the area for the first 24
to 48 hours to prevent or minimize swelling. I will wrap an elastic bandage
around the area to keep the ice in place. After 10-15 minutes, I will loosen the
bandage and remove the ice. I will reapply ice for 15-20 minutes every one or
two hours for the first six hours after the injury. As long as the affected area is
swelling, I will continue to apply ice 3-4 times a day. I will elevate the area or
place it above the level of the heart to make the flow of blood slowly to the
injured area. I will consult a doctor to make sure there is no further damage.

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 Portfolio Completion – Your Growth Clue!

You now go back to your portfolio and work on the other components that
follow your Goal Setting. Remember that your portfolio is a deliberate collection of
your works with the help of the exemplar. Highlighting your efforts here enables you
to see and reflect on your growth and achievement and your ability to establish
goals just to learn. Upon completion of your portfolio, please be guided of the rubric
below.

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References
PE and Health, Grade 9 - Learners Material , First Edition 2014

http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/printouts/30700_rubric.pdf

file:///C:/ DepEd%20LRMDS/lrmds.deped.gov.ph/list/kto12/subject/884.html

Escaro, Josefina N. Advanced First Aid: Emergency Care and Treatments.

Manila, Philippines: Mirriam School & Office Supplies Corp., 1976.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

DepEd Surigao del Sur Division – Schools District of _____________

Address: _______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Contact Number:
Email Address: