2019$2020 wOHk j¾Ih

DDRD 21032
kdgH flakaøSh .fõIKh

mejreu wxl 02

DT19004 – H.M.N.N. Herath

DT19014 – P.N.S. De Silva
DT19015 – K.M.N.S.Rupasinghe
DT19016 – W.S.K. Alwis
DT19030 – D.M.D.P. N. Dissanayake

kdgH" uqÞd kdgH yd kQ;k k¾;k wOHkdxYh

k¾;k yd kdgH l,d mSGh
fi!kao¾h l,d jsYajjsoHd,h
fld<U

ckjdrs 2023

kdgH" uqÞd kdgH yd kQ;k k¾;k wOHkdxYh

fi!kao¾h l,d jsYajjsoHd,h
2023
 rElv f.or

kQ;k kdgH l,dfõ mshd" h:d¾:jd§ kdgH l,dfõ mshd hk úreodj,sfhka msÿï ,;a fykaßla
fcdydka bíika f,dj iqm;< 19 jk ishjfia hqfrdamfha ìys jQ w.%.kH kdgHlrefjls'
fYalaIamsh¾f.ka miq ldjHd;aul kdgH rpkfha ksr; jQ úYsIag;uhd fykaßla bíikah' fudyqf.a
kdgH l,dj m%fNao y;rla Tiafia y÷kd .; yels w;r tkï ldjHd;aul kdgHh" iudc
.eg¨ kdgHh" ñksia Ñka;h ú.%y l< kdgHh" ixfla;jdoS kdgHh hk f,ih' bíika ;u kdgH
Èúh werUqfõ frduekaála ldjH kdgH rplhl= f,isks' fkda¾ùðhdkq cd;sl fykaßla bíikaf.a
A Doll’s House kdgHh f,dal kdgH b;sydifha ixêia:dkuh kdgHhls' fuu kdgH ks¾udKh ù
we;af;a fkda¾ùðhdkq uOHu mdka;sl yd ne¢ isÿùï mdol fldg f.kh' fuu kgH ;=< ia;%Sjdoh
flfrys jeä wjOdkhla ;snqKo wmg th ;j;a udkhka Tiafia ixjdohg ,la l< yels f;aud
fuys y÷kd.; yels h' fuu kdgH wjidkfha fkdard ksjfia fodr jidf.k msgj hdu ;=<ska .%Sl
hq.fhka miqj ia;%sh ms<sn| wjHdc w¾:l:khla iy ia;%Sjdoh ms<sn| kQ;kjd§ oDIaáfldaKhlska
idlÉPd lrk kdgHhla f,io A Doll’s House ye¢kaúh yels h' fuu kdgH ia;%Sjdoh ms<sn|
idlÉPdjlg jvd kdgH l,dfõ w¾:fhka jeo.;a jkafka th kQ;kjd§ kdgHhla f,i bÈßm;a
ùuhs' bíikaf.a kdgH kQ;k fÄodka; kdgH f,i y÷kajkafkao ta ksid h' fuys§ ixfla;jdoh"
h:d¾:jdoh wd§jQ rx. Í;s fndfydauhla tl;= fldgf.k rElv f.or kdgH iE§ we;'

ful, fkdùðhdfõ mej;sfha úlafgdaßhdkq iudc l%uhla jQ w;r tys§ ldka;djg tu iudch ;=<
uQ,H lghq;= ms<sn| whs;j
s dislula fukau iajdñhdf.a wkqoekqñka f;dr uqo,a Khg ,nd .ekSfï
yelshdjla fukau iajdñhdf.a wKil hgf;a ish¨ lghq;= isÿ jk hg;a úð; l%uhla mej;s
hq.hls' 1814 jk úg o iudch fl;rï fjkia jqj;a iudc l%ufha mjq,a ixia:dj wd¾Ólfhka
bÈßhg mshjr ;enqj;a uOHu mdka;sl iudc l%uh mqreIhd bÈßhg;a ia;%sh my;g oud we;s w;r
rElv f.or kdgH rpkd ùug fuu ;;ajh o /lshd wjia:d úr, ùu o uOHu mdka;sl .eye‚h
/lshd i|yd fhdod fkd.kakd fiau iajdñhdf.a f.!rjh my; jeàuo n,mEula t,a, lr we;'
bíika kdgH i|yd mdol fldgf.k we;af;a b;d iSñ; pß; jk w;r tkï msßñ pß; ;=kla
iy .eyekq pß; ;=kls' fuys fkdùðhdkq iudc mßirh ;=< iajdñhdf.a wKilg hg;a jQ
iudchg fldgq jQ ksjfia i;r ì;a;shg w;r ueÈ jQ Ôú; .;lrk f,iska ;udg
fm!oa.,sl;ajfhka ke.S isàula fkdue;s Ôú; ms<sn|j w¾:dkaú; jQ woyia t<s oelaùula f,i
fykaßla bíikaf.a rElv f.or kdgH ;=<ska Tyq Ôj;a jQ iudc l%ufha h:d¾:h wo iudch ;=<
;=, m%;sia:dmkh lsÍug W;aidy ord ;sfí'
fkda¾úÔhdkq ldka;djla fukau bíika iómj oek yeÈklï meje;ajq ,jqrd kñka yeÈkajQ
ldka;djf.a iajdñhd fm¨kq ne?reï wikSm ;;ajh yd jxpksl whqßka Kh uqo,la ,nd .ksñka
weh úiska Tyqj ta wjia:dfõ m%lD;s ;;ajhg m;alsÍug .;a m%h;akh " iy wjidkfha ;u
ieñhdf.ka Èlalido ù udkisl frda.hlg f.dÿre ùu hk wehf.a pß;h jgd ls%hdoduh rElv
f.or kdgHhg mdol ù we;' tfuka u 1877 jika; iufha oS bíika ldka;d whs;Ska ms<sn| igfka
fmruqfKa isá uq,a fmf,a fkda¾ùcshdkq f,aÅldjla jQ lñ,a,d lf,laÜ iu. fnod.;a woyiq
yqjudrej fuhg mdol ù we;'

bíika uq,skau fma%laIlhkag y÷kajd ÿka úg" f,dal rÕyf,a kj nqoaêhla tk nj iaj,am
fofkl=g isf;kakg we;' Tyqf.a kdgH b;d blaukska m%uqL mka;sfha foaYmd,k jákdlï
wmlS¾;shg m;a lrñka ;shqKq iudc ud;Dld iam¾Y lsÍug mgka .;af;ah' bíikaf.a kdgH
fndfyda úg mdGlhdg iy fma%laIlhkag bÈßm;a lrk wxY( iudc foaYmd,k f;audjka jk w;r
tu kdgH A Doll’s House" Ghosts" Pillars of Society w;ßka jvd;a lemS fmfkk tajd fõ' iudc-
foaYmd,k wxYh fuu kdgH jvd;a meyeÈ<s jk w;r f,aLlhka úiska ienE .eg¨ wdf,dalhg
f.k taug mgka .;a kj hq.hl wdrïNl ,laIHh iksgqyka lrhs' ienE f,dalh mdGlhd fyda
maf¾laIlhd iodpdrd;aul l=;=y,h j¾Okh lsÍfï idlaIslrefjl= njg m;a fõ¦

ñksid" ˜;uka ùu˜ hkq ˜;ukaj wjfndaO lr .ekSuhs'˜ fuu uQ,sl Ñka;kh uQ,H ÿIalr;d yryd"
iudc yqol,dj yryd iy Tyqf.a iuld,Skhkaf.a oeä yd fndfyda úg oafõI iy.; úfõpk
yryd bíika fkdmels,j wkq.ukh l< wdf,dalfha wdf,dalhla njg m;a úh' rg ÈhqKq lsÍu
iy ck;dj Wiia lsÍu bíikaf.a ldÈk,a wruqK jQ w;r" Tyq ksrka;rfhka th idlaId;a lr
.ekSug W;aidy lf<ah' Tyq ;ud ùug tä;r úh¦ Tyq th ÿgq úg we;a; l;d lf<ah" Tyqf.a
úYajdihka i|yd igka lf<ah' hfula lsis úfgl ;udj lem fkdlrkafka kï" Tyq lsisúfgl
;u woyia marldY fkdlrhs¦ Tyqf.a wd;auh wvq yd wvq jeo.;alula yd ;SrKd;aul fõ'
wd;aud¾:ldñ;ajh .Kkh lsÍu wd;au úkdYhhs' bíika iïnkaOfhka fuh i;Hhla fkdùh'
Björnson fj; ,smshla hjñka Tyq fufia mjihs( ˜uu iaudrlh i|yd Ys,d f,aLkhla ;SrKh
lsÍug kï" uu jpk f;dard.; hq;=h(˜ —Tyqf.a Ôú;h Tyqf.a fyd|u ld¾hh úh'˜ tneúka ;udf.a
wd;auh wjfndaO lr .ekSu i|yd flfkl=f.a Ôú;h fufyhùu ñksfil=g l< yels §ma;su;au
idlaId;a lr .ekSu nj fmfka' th wm ish,a,kaf.au ld¾hhls" kuq;a wmf.ka fndfyda fofkla
th wjq,a lr;s'
bíikaf.a kdgH rpk Èúh lsis f,ilskaj;a Rosmersholm f.ka wjika jQfha ke;" kuq;a bka
miqj Tyq ;u f,dal lS¾;shg m;a jQ kdgHj,g jvd yd;amiskau fjkia iajhx úYaf,aIKd;aul
iy ixfla;d;aul f,aLk l%uhla fj; fhduq úh' Tyqf.a miqld,Sk kdgH w;r Fruen fra Havet
1888. The Lady from the Sea" Hedda Gabler 1890&" Bygmester Solness 1892 The Master
Builder&" Lille Eyolf 1894 Little Eyolf" John Gabriel Borkman 1896 iy Naar vi døde vaagner
1899 When We Dead Awaken' fuu kdgHj,ska folla" Hedda Gabler iy The Master Builder"
m%:u jrg leá,hska ys o¾Ykh jQ N+;jd§ ú{dkjd§ iy iïmQ¾Kfhkau úkdYldÍ .eyeKq
<ufhl=f.a meñŒu u.ska Ôjudk fõ' fuu m%udo jQ kdgHj, ;j;a Wu;= pß;hla jkafka ;u
wid¾:l n,hka ms<sn|j oeä f,i okakd jhia.; l,dlrefjls' mqoa.,sl iy mdfmdÉpdrK
yeÕSï fuu wjidk kdgH fndfyduhla mqrjhs¦ iuyr úg fïjd 1891 § fkda¾fõ fj; wdmiq
hdug bíika .;a ;SrKh ksid fyda iuyr úg Tyqf.a miqld,Skj Tyq ;re‚hka iuÕ we;s lr.;a
is;a weo.kakdiq¿" ìh Wmojk l;d ud,djlska isÿ úh' fkda¾fõ fj; wdmiq meñŒfuka miq"
bíika 1900 § wd>d;hla jk f;la kdgH ,sùu È.gu lrf.k .sh w;r ;j;a jirlg miqj Tyqj
we|g jeà wdndê; ;;a;ajhg m;a lf<ah' Tyq 1906 § l%siaáhdkshdfõ § ñh .sfhah'

uyd le<ô,sldrhka f,i flfkl=g ye¢kaúh yels uq,a kQ;k l;=jreka w;r bíika bÈßfhkau
isáfhah' Tyq Fyodor Dostoyevsky" Friedrich Nietsche" iy William Blake iuÕ wh;a fõ' bíika
fndfyda úg m%lg iy idudkH mqoa.,hska .ek kdgH ,sùh" kuq;a tajdhska Tyq úkdYldÍ iDcq nj"
úYsIag ishqï nj iy ÿ¾,N iqkaor;ajfha b|ysg oe,aùu ms<sn| wjfndaOh ,nd .;af;ah' Tyqf.a
l=uka;%K olaI f,i l=uka;%Kh lrk ,o l%Svd fkdj" ys;du;du ixcdkk l%shdjka jk w;r"
mqoa.,hkag Tjqkaf.a iuqÉÑ; fõYh bj;a lr fyd| fyda krlska Tjqkaf.a ienE wd;auh ms<s.ekSug
n, flf¾' fï wkqj" Tyq ;u fma%laIlhkag Tjqkaf.a meje;afï iodpdrd;aul moku fõokdldÍ
´kElñka kej; mÍlaId lsÍug ie,eiaùh' 19 jk ishjfia wjidk Nd.fha§ Tyq hqfrdamSh fõÈldj
th njg m;a jQ fohska wdmiq yerúh - lïue,s whg fi,a,ï nvqjla iy ndOdjla - th fndfyda
l,lg fmr mer‚ .%Slhska w;r ;snQ foa njg m;a lsÍug" th úkdYh-úksYaph iïu; lsÍfï
fuj,ula úh'
 rElv f.or kdgH ixlaIsma;h

m<uq cjksldj

A Doll’s House kdgHfha l;dj os. yefrkqfha fufiah' fkdard iy fy,au¾ orejka ;sfofkla
iu. tlaj jdih lrk w;r l;dj wdrïN jkafka k;a;,a Èkhg fmr Èkfha§h' fï ld,h jk
úg fy,au¾g nexl=fõ by< ;k;=rla ,eî ;snqKs' fkdard k;a;,g wjYH nvq /f.k ksjig
meñfKhs' weh ks;r uqo,a úhoï lsÍug yd tajd ,. ;nd .ekSug leue;a;la olajkakshla f,i
m<uq wxlfha§ wmg fmKqk;a óg fmr ;u ieñhdf.a f,v frda. iqj lsÍu fjkqfjka weh úiska
,nd .;a Kh uqo,la mshùu i|yd weh uqo,a tl;= lrk nj wmg wkdjrKh fjhs' weh ta ish,a,
;u ieñhd jk fy,au¾g fkdokajd ryis.;j isÿ lrhs' wehf.a mer‚ mdi,a ñ;=ßhla jk l%siaàka
- ,skafâ - fkdard yuqùug meñfKk w;r tys§ weh /lshdjla fidhkd nj;a fmr wjqreÿ ;=fka§
uqyqK mE ÿla mSvkhka ms<sn|j;a mjihs' ,skafâ fkdardf.a ieñhd jk fya,au¾f.ka /lshdjla
n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjhs' fï w;r fkdard Kh uqo, ,nd.;a fl%d.aiagdâ kï fkd;dßia - l%siaàkaf.a
mer‚ fmïj;d jk w;r Tyq fy,au¾f.a nexl=fõ fiajlfhl= f,i lghq;= lrñka isáh§ Tyqf.a
jerÈ l%shd ms<sfj, ksid fy,au¾ Tyqj nexl=fjka bj;a lsÍug fm<fUhs' ta;a iuÕu l%siaàkag
nexl=fõ iqÿiq /lshdjla ,nd fok njg fy,au¾ fmdfrdkaÿ fjhs' fï w;r fkdard yuq ùug
meñfKk fl%d.aiagdâ lshd isákafka weh Tyqf.ka Kh uqo, ,nd .kakd úg wemhg w;aika ;nd
we;af;a fkdardf.a mshd jk w;r tu w;aik fhdod we;af;a tu w;aifkys ysñlre jk fkdardf.a
mshd ñh .sh miqj nj fmkajd fohs' wjidkfha ;ud mshdg yd fy,au¾g fkdokajd mshdf.a kñka
Kh m;%sldfõ fydr w;aikla fh¥ nj fkdard ms<s.kshs' fl%d.aiagdâ bka m%fhdackh f.k ta nj
fya,u¾g mjik nj;a wod< kS;suh l%shdud¾. .kakd nj;a mjid ;udg kej; /lshdj ,nd
.ekSug fy,au¾g n, lrk fuka fkdardj ish .%yKhg .ekSug W;aidy lrhs' fkdard Bg tl.
fjñka - fï iïnkaOfhka fy,au¾g weúá,s l<o th jH¾: fjhs'

fojk cjksldj

kdgHfha fojk wxlh wdrïN jkafka kqjqrd ;kshu fkdikaiqka .;sfhka id,fha tyd fuyd
hñka wjidkfha fidamdj <Õ k;r fjñka lndh w;g .ekSfuks' fuu o¾Ykh Wfoid fy,au¾"
fl%d.aiagdâ " fodia;r rkala " ,skafâñh "kqjqrd " wdka uÍ " hk kdgHfha tk ish¨ pß; odhl
fõ' ;ud uqo,a bmehSu ioyd ldraHnyq, ùï fya;=fjka ksjfia fufyldßhf.ka ;u orejka .ek
úuik w;r miqÈk Tjqkaf.a by, ksjfiys mÈxÑ ;dkdm;s iafÜkafndaßhdf. ksjfiys meje;afjk
ú,dis;d weÿï idohg yeÈug weÿula ilia lr.ekSug iyh ùu ioyd l%siaàka ,skafâ meñfKa'
fuys§ weh iu. jk ixjdofha§ ;ud Kh uqo, ,nd.;af;a ldf.kao hk ryi;a" fodia;r ?kala
f.ka Kh uqo, ,nd we;s njg ,skafâg ;snQ ielh;a kqjqrd úiska ÿre lrkq ,nhs' tfiau l%siaàka
iy fl%d.aiagdâ w;r mj;sk ino;d iajrEmh;a fuys§ fy,s fõ ' fodia;r rkalaf.a meñŒu;a
Tyq ;=, kqjqrd flfrys ;snQ wdor ye.Su m%ldY lsÍu;a" Tyq fmf<k frda.h W.%j urKhg wdikak
nj;a lshfõ' fy,au¾ iy ?kala o legqj idoh Wfoid ;rkaf;,d kegqu mqyqKq ùu;a" kqjqrd
úiska fy,au¾ iu. óg fmr wxlfhys ixjdofhys fhÿKq fl%d.aiagdâ f.a /lshdj kej; ,nd §u
iïnkaO j;a fuu wxlfha h,s u;= fõ 'kuq;a wehf.a tu m%h;akh wid¾:l ùu ksid fl%d.aiagdâ
fy,au¾f. ksjig meñK Tyqg oekaúh hq;= lreKq ioyka kdgHfha ;SrKd;aul wjia:djla
ksrEmKh jk ,shqu ,shqï fmÜáhg oud hEu;a fuu wxlfhaÈ uQ,slj isÿfõ' fl%d.aiagdâ f.a
talu;sl ;SrKh fjkia lrùu'ioyd ,skafâf.a iyh me;=jo tho jH¾: nj jegfykqfha fuu
ixjdofhks'

kqjqrd - b;ska@

,skafâ ñh - thd .ug .syska

kqjqrd - ug Thd oelal .uka f;areKd'

,skafâ ñh - fyg yjia fjkfldg thd tkjd uu m‚úvhla ;sínd '

kqjqrd - tfyu fkdlr wdjkx ;uhd kx ;uhs fyd| Thd fï lsisu fohla kj;a;kak yokak
tmd' fï wdYap¾hh isoaO fjklï u. n,ka bkak tl;a f,dl= m%S;shla'''

;=kajk cjksldj

lD.aiagdâ iy ,skafv ñh fmïj;=kaj isá nj wkdjrKh ùu',skafvñh wehf.a iajdñhd ñhf.dia

we;s fyhska kej; lD.aiagdâ iuÕ tlaj jdih lsÍug leue;a; m%ldY lrhs'l%siaàkaf.a u;h jQfha
fy,au¾ úiska i;H oek.; hq;= fyhska fkdard ,jd i;H oek.ekSugh' fgdaj,aâ ,shqï fmÜáfha
;sfnk lD.aiagdâ f.a ,shqu lshjhs'kqjqrd udkislj thg uqyqK §ug fmr isgu iQodkï fõ'miqj
Tyq úhrefjka fuka kqjqrdg nek j§'wehg wmydi lrhs'fy,au¾ Tyqf.a ;;a;ajh fírd .ekS u
fjkqfjka tu wjia:dfõ fjfyi fõ'lD.aiagdâ f.a b,a,Sï j,g Tyqg ysi keñh hq;= nj is;d
kqjqrd iuÕ oeä f,i wd;aud¾:ldó f,i fldam fõ'Tyq úiska kqjqrdj";u orejka we;s oeä lsÍug
;rïj;a kqiqÿiail= f,i yxjvq .ik w;r wjg iudchg fmfkkakg muKla újdyh mj;ajd
.ekSug fy,au¾ ;SrKh lrhs' lD.aiagdâ úiska kej; tjk ,o ,smsh ;=,ska ish,af,ka ksoyia
lrkq ,nk w;r"fgdaj,aâ ;udg fuu isÿùfuka .e,ùug yels ùu .ek wd;aud¾:ldój i;=gq
fjhs'tfukau kqjqrdg nek jeÿkq ish,a, kej; .ekSu g fy,au¾ W;aidy orhs' kqjqrd úiska
h;d¾:h f;areï .kq ,nhs' fgdaj,aâ weh iuÕ kej; fmr isá whqßka iduldó ùug W;aidy
orhs'weh l=vd orefjl= fuka Tyq u; hemqKq nj fya;=fjkq;a"fy,au¾ f.a n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjqKq
laI‚l"wd;aud¾:ldó fjkia ùu fukau wehf.a wjxlNdjh iy weh iajdñmqreIhdf.a fi!LH
;;a;ajh w;r ueÈ fjñka wehg lsÍug isÿjQ ÿIalr f;aÍu fya;=fjka wehg ,enqKq weh
n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjQ m%;spdr ;u iajdñhdf.ka ,eîu fya;=fjka iajdëk f,i Ôj;a ùug weh
;SrKh lrhs' fgdaj,aâ kej;;a lS¾;sh fmruqKg f.k" ujla" ìßola f,i wehf.a hq;=lu bgq
lsÍu ms<sn| kqjqrdg wjOdrKh lrhs' kqjqrd thg m%;spdr olajkafka ;udgo Bg;a jvd" ;udg
uÕyereKq hq;=lï rdYshla ;sfnk njhs' weh ;ksj iajdëk Ôú;hla wfmalaIfjka oeä ;SrKhla
f.k ksji yer hhs'

f;audjka

• ldka;djkaf.a mß;Hd.YS,S N+ñldj

bíika ;u iudcfha ish¨u wd¾Ól mka;sj, ldka;djka úiska ork ,o mß;Hd.YS,S N+ñldj
ms<sn| w÷re Ñ;%hla ujd mdhs' fmdÿfõ .;a l," kdgHfha ldka;d pß; fkdardf.a m%ldYh ^welaÜ
;%S ys fgdj,aâg l;d lrhs& ksoiqka lrhs" msßñka ;u wjxlNdjh lem lsÍu m%;slafIam l<o" —
ia;%Ska ish oyia .Kklg ;sfí˜' wef.a ujg iy ifydaorhka fofokdg Wmldr lsÍu i|yd" ,skafâ
uy;añhg fmkS .sfha fl%d.aiageâ" wef.a ienE kuq;a i;hla ke;s wdorh w;ayer oud Okj;a
ñksfil= iuÕ újdy ùugh' fkdardf.a ^miqj fkdardf.a orejkaf.a Ndrlre f,i& jev lrñka
;udg Ôj;a ùug ;u orejd w;yer oeóug kekSg isÿ úh' weh fkdardg mjik mßÈ" kekS
is;kafka weh /lshdj fidhd .ekSu jdikdjka; f,i i,lhs" ukao weh ˜fkduÕ .sh ÿmam;a
.eyeKq <ufhla˜ jQ neúks' kdgHfha wfkl=;a ldka;d pß; yd ii|k úg fkdard wd¾Ól jYfhka
jdisodhl jqjo" újdyfha m%uqL iylre fgdj,aâ nj iudch úiska kshu lrk neúka weh ÿIalr
Ôú;hla .; lrhs' fgdj,aâ fkdardg ksfhda. ksl=;a lr my;a jk w;r" Tyqf.a ìß| ^fyda fjk;a
´kEu ldka;djla& Tyqf.a Ôú;h fírd .ekSug Woõ l< nj fgdj,aâg lsis úfgl;a ms<s.;
fkdyels nj okakd ksid fkdard ;u Kh Tyqf.ka ieÕúh hq;=h' ;jo" ldka;djla ;u
iajdñmqreIhdf.a wjirhlska f;drj Khla ,nd .ekSu kS;s úfrdaë neúka wehf.a Kh f.ùu
i|yd weh ryis.;j lghq;= l< hq;=h' fkdardf.a /jàug fm<Uùfuka" fgdj,aâf.a iy iudcfha
wdl,am" fl%d.aiagdâf.a í,elafï,a j,g fkdard f.dÿre lrjhs' fkdard ;u orejka w;yer oeóu
wd;au mß;Hd.hla f,i o w¾: oelaúh yelsh' fkdard ;u orejka flfrys we;s oeä wdorh
fkd;ld - weh Tjqka iuÕ wka;¾ l%shd lsÍfuka iy Tjqka ¥Is; lsÍug we;s oeä ìfhka - weh
Tjqkaj w;ayeÍug ;SrKh lrhs' fkdard ienúkau úYajdi lrkafka kekS jvd fyd| ujla jkq we;s
nj;a wef.a orejka yer hdu Tjqkaf.a hym;g fya;= jk nj;ah'

• ia;%S mqreI iudcNdù N+ñldjka

bíika Torvald iy Nora Helmer iuÕ taldlD;slj ia;%S mqreI Ndjfhka fmf<k mjq,la
ksrEmKh lrk w;r" iudch Tjqka úiska bgq lsÍug wfmalaId lrk N+ñldjka ksid msßñ iy
.eyeKq hk fowxYfhkau pß; ÿla ú¢k wdldrh fmkajhs' kdglfha m%Odk ldka;d pß; jk
fkdard iy ,skafâ uy;añh i|yd ia;%S mqreI Ndjfha N+ñldjkays ixfldapk iajNdjh úfYaIfhka
fmfka' fï ld,fha ldka;djka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQfha újdy ù orejka ,eîug iy ;u orejkag
iy iajdñmqreIhdg ie,lSug ksjfia /£ isàuhs' fkdard ryis.;j f¾Ld msgm;a lrkjd jf.a
ldka;djla we;a;gu /lshdjla lr uqo,a bmehQ úg th —msßñfhl= f,i˜ úh' ldka;djkag ;uka
fjkqfjka uqo,a bmhSfï wjia:d b;d w,am jQ w;r Tjqkaf.a wjYH;d imqrd,Su i|yd iajdñmqreIhd
fyda mshd u; hemSug isÿ úh' msfhl= fyda jeäuy,a ifydaorhka fkdue;sj" ,skafâ uy;añh Okj;a
iajdñmqreIfhl= fiõjdh" uQ,Huh jYfhka iqrlaIs;Ndjhla i|yd weh ienúkau wdorh lrk
mqoa.,hd w;yer oud - kuq;a fuu ie,eiau mjd wjodkï úh" ukao wehg Tyqf.a ienE uQ,H
;;ajh oek .ekSug l%uhla fkd;snQ neúks' Linde uy;añh újdy jQ mqoa.,hd tl, fmdfydi;a
oehs fkdard wik úg" Linde uy;añhg lsj yelafla Tyq Tyqj úYajdi l< nj mu‚' ksjfia /£
isàu" orejka we;s oeä lsÍu iy ;u iajdñmqreIhkag lSlre ùu hk wfmalaIdjka ksid
ldka;djkag fndfyda wjia:djka u. yeÍ .sfhah" fndfyda úg ir, jHdmdßl lghq;= lsÍug ;u
iajdñmqreIhdf.a kS;suh wjirh wjYH fõ' kdgHfha wjidkh jk úg" fkdard fuu ia;%S mqreI
Ndjfha N+ñldjkays úkdYldÍ iajNdjh y÷kdf.k" fgdj,aâg mjikafka Tyq iy wef.a mshd" weh
flfrys iudc wfmalaIdjka n,d;aul lsÍfuka" weh Ôú;fhka lsisjla fkdl<˜ fya;=j njhs'

kdgHfha msßñka o jvd;a ishqï f,i yd fkdoekqj;aju ÿla ú¢;s" Tjqka il%Shj rlsk ia;%S mqreI
N+ñldjka ksid' fgdj,aâ meyeÈ,sju iudc wfmalaIdjka l%shd;aul lrkafkl= f,i Tyqf.a N+ñldj
N=la;s ú¢k kuq;a" Tyqg ;u ìß|g iïmQ¾Kfhkau wdorh l< fkdyels nj Tyq f;areï fkd.kafka
Tyq wehj mqoa.,fhl= f,i ienúkau fkdolsk neúks' Tyqf.a —mqreI iajdëk;ajh˜ ksid Tyqg
fjk;a lsisfjl=f.ka Wmldr ,nd .; fkdyel" úfYaIfhka ldka;djla fkdfõ" tneúka fkdard
;SrKh lrkafka Tyqf.a wdvïnrhg ydks lsÍug jvd ;u iajdñmqreIhdg fndre lSu jvd fyd|
njhs' jeo.;au foh kï" iudÔh ,sx.sl N+ñldjkaf.ka ñ§ug fgdj,aâg we;s fkdyelshdj Tyqf.a
lS¾;s kduhg jvd ;u ìß|f.a wdorh jákd nj y÷kd .ekSug Tyq wiu;a ùuhs' tys m%;sM,hla
jYfhka" Tyqg fkdard wysñ jk w;r" wjidkfha§ Tyq jvd;au ìh jQ foh njg wid¾:l ñksfil=
f,i ´md¥m m;ajkq we;(

• uqo,a iy n,h

ld¾ólrKfha wdrïNhg ia;+;sjka; jkakg" 19 jk ishjfia wd¾Ólh fl;aj,ska kd.ßl

uOHia:dk lrd .uka l< w;r" uqo,a flfrys jeä n,hla we;s wh ;jÿrg;a bvï ysñ
jxYdêm;shka fkdj" fgdj,aâ jeks kS;s{hska iy nexl=lrejka úh' uqo,a flfrys Tjqkaf.a n,h
wka whf.a Ôú; olajd úysÿfka fï ksid h" fl%d.aiagdâ ^Tyqf.a mdovfhla& iy Tyq iqr;,a if;l=
fyda fndakslafll= f,i i,lk fkdard jeks pß; iïnkaOfhka fgdj,aâ fu;rï iajhx-O¾ñIaG
mqoa.,fhls' fkdardg uqo,a yeisrùug we;s fkdyelshdj iudch ;=< wehf.a n, rys; ;;a;ajh o
ms<sìUq lrhs' fgdj,aâg b;d,sfha§ wjYH m%;sldr ,nd §u i|yd weh ,nd .kakd Kh fl%d.aiagdâ
wehj í,elafï,a lrk úg wehj fyd,auka lsÍug kej; meñfKa" weh ;u ieñhd iuÕ Tyqg
fyd| jpkhla fkdfmkajhs'

• ia;s%;ajh

bíikaf.a ld,h ;=<" ldka;djkag jHdmdr lsÍug fyda ;ukaf.au uqo,a yeisrùug bv fkd,enq‚'
msßñfhl=" msfhl= fyda iajdñmqreIfhl= jqjo" Tjqka lsishï .kqfokqjla lsÍug fmr Tjqkaf.a
wkque;sh ,nd Èh hq;=h' ;u iajdñmqreIhdg Wmldr lsÍu i|yd Khla i|yd ñh.sh mshdf.a
w;aik jHdc f,i fhdojd jxpd lsÍug fkdardg n, lrkafka fuu l%ufha we;s jrohs" wef.a
l%shdfjys fyd| ys; ;sìh§;a" weh l< foh ksid wehg wmrdOlrefjl= f,i i,lkq ,efí' bíika
;u fm!oa.,sl;ajh j¾Okh lr .ekSu i|yd ldka;djkaf.a whs;sjdislï úYajdi l< kuq;a 19
jk ishjfia w. Nd.fha iudch fuu oDIaá fldaKhg wksjd¾hfhkau tlÕ fkdùh' fy,au¾
mjq, ;=< wm olsk mßÈ" fkdard wef.a ieñhdg iïmQ¾Kfhkau hg;a fõ' Tyq wehg l=vd ,d¾la
fyda f,akd jeks iqr;,a kï ,nd fok w;r" fl%d.aiagdâf.a /lshdj ;nd .ekSug Tyq wlue;s
ùug fya;=j jkafka Tyqf.a ìß| Tyqg n,mEï l< nj Tyqf.a fiajlhka is;Sug Tyq wlue;s ùuhs'
Bg fjkiaj" l%siaàka ,skafâg fkdardg jvd úYd, ksoyila ;snq‚' jekaoUqjla" weh Wmhd.;a uqo,g
whs;shla we;s w;r" ldka;djka i|yd újD; /lshd fndfyda úg ,smsldr jev j,ska iukaú; jqjo"
wehg ;udj kv;a;= lsÍug jev l< yelsh' ˜ug fï Ôú;h ú|ord.kak kï ug jev lrkak
fjkjd˜ Tjqka kej; tla jQ úg weh fl%d.aiagdâg mjihs' —iEu wjÈ Èklu" ug u;l we;s mßÈ"
uu jev lr we;" th uf.a f,dl=u iy tlu m%S;shhs' kuq;a oeka uu f,dalfha iïmQ¾Kfhkau
;ksj isáñ" b;d Nhdkl f,i ysia iy w;yer oud we;' ish¨u ldka;d pß;j,g jvd fyd| hehs
yef.k foa i|yd kdgHh w;r;=r hï wdldrhl lemlsÍula ú|ord.ekSug isÿfõ' újdyh ;=<§
fkdardg ;udf.au ukqIH;ajh lem lrk w;r fgdj,aâ yer hk úg wef.a orejka flfrys we;s
ne£u lem lsÍug isÿfõ' l%siaàka ,skafâ fl%d.aiageâ i|yd ;u wdorh lem lf<a ;u ifydaorhkag
iy frda.S ujg Wmldr lsÍug ;rï ia:djr /lshdjla we;s wfhl= iuÕ újdy ùugh' fkdard
<orefjl= jQ úg wehj /ln,d .ekSu i|yd fyÈhla jQ wEka udßg wef.au orejd w;ayeÍug isÿ
úh'

kdgH ixfla;Ndú;h bíika fuu kdgH ;=, oS Ndú;d lrk ,o iqúfYaIs kdgfHdamldrhls'

• ;rka;,d kegqu

fkdard wef.a we÷ï idofha§ w¢k kshfmd,sgka we÷u fgdj,aâ úiska lemaß ys ñ, § f.k we;'
Tyq tÈk rd;%sfha weh fjkqfjka fuu we÷u f;dard .kafka wehj fndakslafll= f,i olsk nj
;yjqre lrñks' gerkafg,d" th me<| isák úg weh lrk k¾;kh" gerkagq,df.a lg.eiau i|yd
m%;sldrhla f,i uq,ska ks¾udKh lrk ,o kuq;a ixfla;d;aulj" th u¾okfhka mek k.sk
ysiaàßhdj ksfhdackh lrhs' Bg wu;rj" idohg fmr k¾;k p¾hdj yryd ;udj mqyqKq lrk
f,i fkdard fgdj,aâf.ka wheo isák úg" ,sms fmÜáfha jdä ù isák fl%d.aiagdâf.a ,smsfhka
fgdj,aâf.a wjOdkh fjk;lg fhduq lsÍug W;aidy lrk úg" weh wef.a ysiflia .e,ù hk
;rug kgkjd' Torvald" wfkla w;g" lduql wdl¾IKh iy u¾okh lrk ,o O¾ñIaGlu hk
foflysu ;;ajhlg hhs" wehg mjikafka —uu ljodj;a fuh úYajdi lrkafka keye' we;a;gu
Thdg uu W.kakmq yeufoau wu;l fj,d''˜

• k;a;,a .i

k;a;,a .i" w,xldr wruqKla bgq lsÍug woyia lrk W;aij jia;j
= la" keröug maßhckl yd
ksjig pu;aldrh tl;= lrk fi,a,ï nvqjla f,i fkdardf.a ksjfia msysàu ixfla;j;a lrhs'
kdgHfha fkdard iy k;a;,a .i w;r iudka;rhka lsysmhla we| we;' .i w,xldr lrk ;=re
orejkag th fkdfmfkk nj fkdard fiaúldjg Wmfoia fokjd fiau" k¾;kfha ijia jk ;=re
lsisfjl=g ;u we÷fuka wehj oelsh fkdyels nj weh fgdj,aâg mjikjd' tfiau" fojk l%shdj
wdrïNfha§" fkdardf.a ufkdaúoHd;aul ;;a;ajh Ldokh ùug mgka .;a miq" fõÈld ÈYdjka
fmkakqï lrkafka k;a;,a .i Bg wkqrEmj —le<e,a˜ we;s njhs'

• w¨;a wjqreÿ Èkh

kdgHfha l%shdj k;a;,a iufha§ ilid we;s w;r fkdard iy fgdj,aâ fofokdu Tjqkaf.a Ôú;fha
kj" m%S;su;a wjêhl wdrïNh f,i w¨;a wjqreoao foi n,d isá;s' kj jif¾ §" fgdj,aâ Tyqf.a
kj /lshdj wdrïN lrkq we;s w;r" /lshdfjka Tyqg ,efnk wu;r uqo,a iy w.h lsÍu Tyq
Woafhda.fhka wfmalaId lrhs' fkdard o fgdj,aâf.a kj /lshdj foi n,d isà" ukao wehg
wjidkfha fl%d.aiageâ fj; wef.a ryia Kh wdmiq f.ùug yels jkq we;' flfia fj;;a"
kdgHfha wjidkh jk úg" fgdj,aâ iy fkdard i|yd kj jir ksfhdackh lrk kj wdrïNfha
iajNdjh kdgldldr f,i fjkia ù we;' Tjqka fofokdu kj ñksiqka njg m;a úh hq;= w;r
/äl,a f,i fjkia jQ Ôjk rgdjkag uqyqK Èh hq;=h' tneúka" kj jir meñfKkafka Tjqkaf.a
Ôú;j, iy Tjqkaf.a fm!reIfha ienúkau kj yd fjkia ld, mßÉfþohl wdrïNh iksgqyka
lsÍug h'

ixfla;Ndú;h iEu úgu ,sùug wu;r w¾:hla ,ndfohs' fmfkk w¾:h u;=msáka mj;sk w;r
fuys ixfla;d;aul w¾:h u;=jkafka fkdfmkS ta ;=, .eUqßks' bíika ksielj u m%Odk jYfhka
pß; fy<sorõ lsÍfï udOHla f,i rElv f.or ;=< ixfla;jdoh Ndú;d lrhs' bíika
lshdisákafka Tyq cSjudk cSúka weoSu wruqKq lr.;a nj;a" ´kEu ixfla;hla ;kslru wyïnhla
nj;a h' fuys oS Ndú;d lrk ,o ;j;a ixfla;hka f,i uelreka" ldurfha we;s Wÿk" meoafok
mqgqj" isxÿ lsß,a,s wdos jpk úfYaIfhka oelaúh yels h'

kdgH pß;

• fkdard fy,au¾

fndakslalka ksji wdrïNfha§ fkdard iïmQ¾Kfhkau i;=gq jk nj fmfka' weh fgdj,aâf.a Wiq¿
úiq¿j,g wdorfhka m%;spdr olajhs" Tyqf.a kj /lshdfjka ,nd fok wu;r uqo,a .ek
WfoHda.fhka l;d lrhs" iy wef.a orejka iy ñ;=rka iuÕ weiqre lsÍfuka i;=gla ,nhs' wehj
yqr;,a lr" iqr;,a lr" wkq.%yh olajk fndakslald jeks meje;au .ek weh is;k njla fkdfmfka'
kdgHh bÈßhg hk úg" fkdard fy<s lrkafka fgdj,aâ wehj y÷kajk mßÈ weh yqfola —fudav
.eyeKq <ufhl=˜ fkdjk njhs' Torvald f.a fi!LHh /l .ekSu i|yd Khla f.k weh .;a
Kh iïnkaO jHdmdr f;dr;=re weh f;areï f.k ;sîfuka weÕfjkafka weh nqoaêu;a nj;a yqÿ
Nd¾hdjlg tyd .sh yelshdjka we;s nj;ah' wehf.a Kh f.ùu i|yd jir .Kkdjla ryis.;j
l< Y%uh ms<sn| úia;rfhka wehf.a oeä wêIaGdkh iy wNs,dIh fmkakqï lrhs' óg wu;rj
fgdj,aâf.a fi!LHh iy;sl lsÍu i|yd weh kS;sh lv lsÍug leue;af;ka isàu wef.a ffO¾hh
fmkakqï lrhs' fl%d.aiageâf.a í,elafï,a iy bka miq we;s jk lïmkh fkdardf.a iajNdjh
fjkia fkdlrhs¦ Tjqka wehf.a bgq fkdjQ iy wj;lafiare fkdl< yelshdjka fj; wef.a weia
újD; lrhs' ˜fgdj,aâ" uu Tn fjkqfjka Wml%u bÈßm;a l<d"˜ weh Tyq iuÕ we;s WÉp;u .egqu
w;r;=r mjihs' fkdardg jegfykafka wehf.a kegqï iy .dhk Wml%u j,g wu;rj" weh ;u
újdyh mqrdu m%ix.hla bÈßm;a lr we;s njhs' fgdj,aâ" wef.a mshd iy iudch wehf.ka
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ N+ñldj bgq lsÍug weh ;ud fkdjk flfkl= f,i fmkS isg we;' fkdardf.a
/jàu iy jHdc f;dr;=re oek.ekSfuka miq fgdj,aâf.a oreKq iy wd;aud¾:ldó m%;spdrh
fkdardf.a msì§fï wjidk W;afma%rlhhs' kuq;a m<uq l%shdfjka mjd fkdard fmkakqï lrkafka
wef.a Ôú;h wef.a ienE fm!reIhg mgyeks nj weh iïmQ¾Kfhkau fkdoek isák njhs' weh
fgdj,aâ l=vd kuq;a w¾:j;a wdldrj,ska m%;slafIam lrhs - WodyrKhla f,i uelrEka wkqNj
lr Tyqg ta .ek fndre lSfuka' weh o Èjqrkafka" fmfkk úÈyg iudc iïu;hkag tfrys iq¿
le/,a,lska weh ,nk i;=g i|yd h' kdgHh È. yefrk úg iy wef.a Ôú;h ms<sn| i;Hh
ms<sn| fkdardf.a oekqj;aNdjh j¾Okh jk úg" le/,af,a wjYH;djh W;aikak jk w;r"
iajdëk;ajh fidhd .ekSu i|yd mqreIdOsm;Hhg fodr jid weh msgj hhs'

• fgdaj,aâ

fgdj,aâ újdyh ;=< msßñfhl=f.a ld¾hNdrh ;u ìß| wdrlaId lsÍu iy uÕ fmkaùu nj

úYajdih je<| .kS' fkdardg Tyqf.a u. fmkaùu wjYHhs hk woyi Tyq meyeÈ,sju N=la;s ú¢k
w;r" Tyq msfhl= fuka weh iuÕ lghq;= lrhs' Tyq wehg Wmfoia fokafka —kh iy Kh u;
hefmk ksjila fkdñ,fha ke;s ksid iqkaor fkdfõ˜ jeks ir, iodpdrjd§ lshuka iuÕsks'
fkdard we÷ï idofha§ lrk k¾;kh wehg b.ekaùugo Tyq Wkkaÿ fjhs' fgdj,aâ ;ud fkdardf.a
.e,jqïlrejd f,i is;Sug m%sh lrhs" fgdj,aâ fkdard iuÕ we;s Tyqf.a iïnkaO;djfha n,h
w,a,df.k wehj —.eyeKq <ufhla˜ f,i ye¢kajqjo" fgdj,aâ we;a; jYfhkau ÿ¾j, yd jvd
<ud pß;hla nj fmfka' fgdj,aâ Tyqf.a wikSm ldurhg we;=¿ ùug wlue;s ùu .ek ffjoH
/kalaf.a meyeÈ,s lsÍu -˜fgdj,aâ b;d fõ.j;ah" Tyqg le; fohlg uqyqK Èh fkdyel˜ - ffjoH
/kala fhdackd lrkafka fgdj,aâg f,dalfha h:d¾:hkaf.ka <ufhl= fuka /ljrKh ,eìh
hq;= njhs' ;jo" fgdj,aâ úfgl fnd<| iq¿ iq¿ nj fy<s lrhs' fl%d.aiageâ iuÕ jev lsÍug
Tyqf.a ienE úfrdaOh mek k.skafka fl%d.aiagdâf.a iodpdrd;aul pß;fha wvqmdvq j,ska fkdj"
ta fjkqjg" fl%d.aiagdâf.a ´kEjg jvd ñ;%YS,S iy yqremqreÿ yeisÍfuks' fgdj,aâ fl%d.aiagdâj
fkrmd yeÍug .;a ;SrKh wjidkfha fl%d.aiagdâ Tyqg ksis f.!rjh ,nd §ug wfmdfydi;a ùu
ksid Tyqg ;¾ckhla iy wukdmhla oefka' fgdj,aâ Tyq .ek wka whf.a ixcdkkh iy m%cdj
;=< Tyqf.a ia:djrh .ek b;d oekqj;a h' fl%d.aiagdâj ld¾hd,fha ;nd.; hq;= njg fkdardf.a
b,a,Su m%;slafIam lsÍu i|yd Tyqf.a meyeÈ,s lsÍu - fl%d.aiagdâ r|jd ;nd .ekSfuka Tyq ˜iuia;
ld¾h uKav,h bÈßfha úys¿jla˜ jkq we; - fmkakqï lrkafka Tyq ;u ìß|f.a wdYdjkag jvd
Tyqf.a lS¾;shg m%uqL;ajh fok njhs' fkdardf.a /jàug Tyq olajk m%;spdrfhka fgdj,aâ
;jÿrg;a iudcfha f.!rjh i|yd Tyqf.a .eUqre wjYH;djh fmkakqï lrhs' fkdard ;u i;=g
úkdY lr we;s nj;a" orejka we;s oeä lsÍug bv fkdfok nj;a Tyq mejiq jo" Tyqf.a m%Odk
ie,ls,a, Tjqkaf.a ksjfia —fmkqu˜ iq/lSu ksid weh ksjfia /£ isák f,i Tyq wjOdrkh lrhs'

• lD.aiagdâ

fl%d.aiagdâ A Doll’s House ys úreoaOjdÈhd jk kuq;a Tyq wksjd¾hfhkau ÿIagfhla fkdfõ'

fkdardf.a jO ysxid È.gu mej;Sug bv §ug Tyqf.a leue;a; l=ßre jqjo" fl%d.aiagdâ weh flfrys
wkqlïmdjla fkdue;sj fkdfõ' Tyq fkdard fj; f.dia wehj fidhd ne,Sug meñfKk w;r" Tyq
ishÈú kid.ekSfuka wehj wffO¾hu;a lrhs' tmukla fkdj" fl%d.aiagdâg Tyq lrk wdldrhg
yeisÍu i|yd idOdrK fÉ;kdjla we;( krla jQ lS¾;shla iuÕ tk ÿIalr;dj,ska ;u orejka
fírd .ekSu i|yd nexl=fõ ;u /lshdj ;nd .ekSug Tyqg wjYHh' wd;aud¾:ldó fya;+ka u;
f.!rjh wfmalaId lrk fgdj,aâ fuka fkdj" fl%d.aiagdâ th Tyqf.a mjq, fjkqfjka wdYd lrhs'
fkdard fukau fl%d.aiagdâ o iudcfhka widOdrKhg ,la jQ mqoa.,fhls" fkdard iy fl%d.aiagdâ
hk fofokdu tlu wmrdOh lr we;( w;aika jHdc f,i ilia lsÍu' Tyq kS;sh lv l<o"
fl%d.aiageâf.a wmrdOh idfmalaIj iq¿ úh" kuq;a iudch Tyqj wmrdOlrefjl= f,i wmlS¾;shg
m;a lr we;s w;r Tyqf.a w;S;fhka Tíng .uka lsÍu ;ykï lr we;' óg wu;rj"
fl%d.aiagdâf.a ÿrdpdr yeisÍu wdrïN jQfha ,skafâ uy;añh uqo,a we;s msßñfhl= fjkqfjka Tyqj
w;yer oeuQ úg nj fl%d.aiagdâf.a m%ldYh ksid wehg ;u mjq,g wjYH myiqlï iemhSug yels
fõ' iudch úiska ,skafâ uy;añh fl%d.aiagdâ fj;ska wE;a lsÍug n, l< nj;a" ta wkqj Tyqf.a
wmrdOhg fya;= jQ nj;a flfkl=g ;¾l l< yelsh' iudch úiska fl%d.aiagdâg widOdrK f,i
ie,lSu Tyqf.a l%shdjka idOdrŒlrKh fkdl<o" th Tyqj fkdard iuÕ jvd;a iómj fm<.iajk
w;r tu ksid Tyq kskaÈ; pß;hla f,i wmf.a ixcdkkh wjq,a lrhs'

• ,skafâ uy;añh

,skafâ uy;añh ldka;djkag ;u iajdñmqreIhkaf.ka iajdëkj ;Dma;su;a Ôú;hla .; l< yels

úúO l%u ksfhdackh lrhs' ,skafâ uy;añh fkdardf.a wYsIag fm!reIhg nrm;, m%;súfrdaOhla
imhk w;r fkdard .; lrk krla jQ Ôú;h biau;= lrhs' fkdard fgdj,aâg fmkajd fok —,laI
ixLHd;˜ ldka;djka fuka ,skafâ uy;añh ;u wdorŒhhkag Wmldr lsÍu i|yd iajhx
mß;Hd.YS,S Ôú;hla .; l<dh" m<uqj Okj;a ñksfil= iuÕ újdy ùug fl%d.aiagdâf.a
fhdackdj m%;slafIam lr wehg wikSm ùug Wmldr l<dh' uj iy nd, fidfydhqrka" miqj ;u
ieñhdf.a uqo,a wid¾:l jQ miq fndfyda fõ,djla jev l<dh' fu;rï jev lsÍfuka" ,skafâ
uy;añh iajhxfmdaIs; ldka;djla njg m;ajkafka flfiaoehs bf.k .;a;dh" wef.a ld,fha hï
úIu;djhla" Torvald jeks uDÿ iudchla wehj ˜kSri˜ fidhd .ekSug fya;= úh' wehf.a Ôú;fha
jeä ld,hla weh ú|ord.;a ÿIalr;d ksid" ,skafâ uy;añh ;ukaj úia;r lrkafka ˜lgql˜ njg
m;a jQ nj;a" Èú .,jd .ekSu i|yd ˜iEu úgu wjia:djka .ek úuis,af,ka isàug weh ne£
isák˜ ksid" weh ;udj y÷kajkafka ˜wd;aud¾:ldó˜ f,isks' tfy;a wehf.a l%shdjka fjk;a
wdldrhlska mjik w;r" wehf.au o¾Ykhg wkqj" ˜Tn úYajdi l< hq;= l%shdjka˜' fkdard fgdj,aâ
nexl= l<uKdlrefjl= f,i Wiia lr we;s wdldrh úia;r lrk úg" ,skafâ uy;añh
mdfmdÉpdrKh lrkafka wehf.a m<uq is;=ú,a, jQfha fuu iïnkaO;djh yryd /lshdjla ,nd
.kafka flfiao hkakhs' tfy;a ,skafâ uy;añh wjidkfha /lshd §ukdj Ndú;d lrkafka weh
jrla ienúkau wdorh l< iy lsisod wu;l fkdl< ñksid jQ fl%d.aiagdâj fírd .ekSugh'
/lshd msßkeóu ,skafâ uy;añh wef.a wkd.; mjqf,a wdydr imhkakd fukau fl% d.aiagdâf.a
orejkaf.a ujf.a pß;hla ùfï is;a.kakdiq¨ ;;a;ajhg m;a lrhs' wehf.a Èk msÍ we;af;a wehf.a
uki ksrjq,aj ;nd.ekSu i|yd jk w;ru" wka ish,a,gu jvd weh wdYd lrk foaj,a folg
iemhSugo wehg yels fõ' fl%d.aiageâ iuÕ weh kej; tlaùu iy fgdj,aâ fl%d.aiagdâf.a ,smsh
lshjk f,i wef.a wjOdrkh fmkakqï lrkafka kdgHfha wjidkfha fkdard úia;r lrk —ienE˜
újdyhg wjYH wjxlNdjh iy f.!rjh weh ienúkau jgydf.k we;s njhs'

• fodia;r ?kala

fvdlag¾ ?kala hkq Okj;a mjqf,a ñ;=frls" Tyq fgdj,aâ fuka fkdj fkdardg i,lkafka nqoaêu;a
ñksfil= f,ih' fl%d.aiagdâ —iodpdrd;aul frda.sfhl=˜ nj Tyq blaukska fmkajd fohs' kdgHh
meje;afjk ld, rduqj ;=<" Tyq fld÷ weg fmf<a laIh frda.fha wjidk wÈhf¾ isg frda.d;=rj
isák w;r" Tyq fkdardg mejiQ foa u; mokïj" ,sx.sl frda.hlska fm¿Kq Tyqf.a mshdf.ka Tyqg
Wreu úh' kdgHh wjidkfha§" Tyq fkdardg muKla mjikafka Tyqf.a ld,h meñK we;s njhs"
ukao fuu f;dr;=re fgdj,aâg b;d —le;˜ jkq we;ehs Tyq is;hs' Tyq È.= l,la ;siafia fkdardg
wdorh lr we;" kuq;a weh Tyqg wdorh lrkafka ma,efgdaksl f,i h" fhfy<shla f,i mu‚'
Tyq fkdard iuÕ l;d lrk wdldrfhka fgdj,aâg f*dhs,a tlla f,i l%shd lrhs" Tyq Tyqf.a
nrm;, f,i msßfyñka mj;sk fi!LHh fy<s lrhs' fkdard" wfkla w;g" jvd ixfõ§ Ôúfhl=
fuka l%shd lrk w;r Tyq jgd isák fndakslafll= fuka wvqfjka l%shd lrhs'
• wEka uÍ

bíika wef.a pß;h iïmQ¾Kfhka j¾Okh lr fkd.;a;o" wEka-udß fkdard flfrys ienE
fifkyila olajk lreKdjka; ldka;djla nj fmfka' fkdardf.a mshd úiska msßkuk fyo
/lshdj ,nd .ekSu i|yd wehg ;u Èh‚hj w;ayeÍug isÿ úh' fï wkqj" weh fkdard iy ,skafâ
uy;añh iuÕ wd¾Ól wjYH;djfhka ;u i;=g lem lsÍfï l%shdj fnod .kS'

• kQrdf.a mshd

kdgHfha l%shdj wdrïN ùug fmr fkdardf.a mshd ñh .sho" kdgHh mqrdjgu pß; Tyq fj; fhduq
lrhs' weh meyeÈ,sju ;u mshdg wdorh yd w.h l<;a" fkdard o wef.a Ôú;fha hg;a ;k;=rg
odhl ùu .ek Tyqg fodia mjrhs'

ksIamdok ixl,amh

fuys oS f;dard.;a kdgHfhys ksIamdok ixl,amkh jkafka Forum Theatre wdlD;sh hs' Forum
Theatre hkq mSvs;hdf.a kdgH l,djhs' fuys oS fuu kdgH úfYaIh f;dard.ekSug fya;=j jQfha
iudc m%Yak fma%alaIlhd bosßfha idlÉPd lrñka kdgH f.dvkexúfï yelshdj we;s ùuhs' rElv
f.or kdgH ;=, m%Odk jYfhka f;audjka lsysmhla fmr i|yka l, mßos olakg we;s w;r fuys
oS wm f;dard.;a uQ,sl f;audj jQfha mS;D uQ,sl iudchla ;=, .eyeKshg isÿjk .erySuhs' fï
fya;=j ksidu fuh iudch ;=, újD; j l;d l<hq;= ud;Djla ksifjka yd thg icSù j fuys oS
fm%alaIl woyia ,nd.ekSfï yelshdj ,eìu ksidfjka fuu kdgH Ydkrh f;dard.ekSug
fm<Uqfkuq' tfuka u fuh m¾fhaIKd;aul kdgHhla f,i bosßm;a lsÍug leue;af;uq'

Forum Theatre ^fnda,a rÕy," zmSä;hkaf.a rÕy,z fyda zixj¾Okh i|yd rÕy,z f,io ye¢kafõ&
hkq 1970 oYlfha uq,a Nd.fha§ T.iafgda fnda,a úiska fidhd .kakd ,o wka;¾l%shdldÍ rx.
wdlD;shls' fnda,af.a wruqk jQfha fma%laIl idudðlhskag Tjqkaf.a —wNHka;r mSvkh˜ y÷kd
.ekSug Wmldr lsÍu iy tajd ch .ekSug mgka .ekSuhs' fma%laIlhkag flá kdgHhla fmkajkq
,nk w;r" tys flakaøSh pß;hla ^m%Odk pß;hla& Tyqg$Tyqg ch.; fkdyels mSvdjlg fyda
ndOdjlg uqyqK fohs' úIh lreK idudkHfhka fma%laIlhskag laI‚l jeo.;alula we;s fohla
jkq we;" fndfyda úg mjq,a Ôú; w;aoelSula u; mokï fõ' tlai;a rdcOdksfha ixiofha rÕy,
mjq,a in|;d" ksjdi fkdue;slu" /lshdj iy fi!LHh jeks .eg¿ úi£ug Ndú;d lr we;'
kdgHh rÕoelajQ úg fma%laIlhkag fõÈldjg keÕS m%Odk pß;h rÕmdkakg ;snQ wdldrh i|yd
úl,am fhdackd l< yelsh' fï wdldrfhka" isÿùu wdikak wjia:djla i|yd fmryqre lsÍug fyda
w;S;fha" j¾;udk fyda wkd.;fha ´kEu ;;ajhla ;=< úl,am wkdjrKh lr úYaf,aIKh lsÍug
Ndú;d l< yelsh' rx.k Ys,amSka fuu f;aÍïj, m%;sM, .fõIKh lrkafka fma%laIlhska iuÕ
hï wdldrhl kdgHuh újdohla ks¾udKh lrk w;r" tys§ w;aoelSï iy woyia fmryqrej iy
fnodyod .kakd w;r" iyfhda.S;djh iy iún, .ekaùfï yeÕSu hk folu ckkh fõ'

h:d¾:jdoS kdgHhla jQ rElv f.or kdgHh fuu Forum Theatre ;=,g f.k hdfï oS m%Odku
wNsfhda.hla jkafka fuys wka;¾.;h tfia u f.k hd yels o hkakhs' lsu o fuys wka;¾.;h
;=, bj;a l, fkdyelalla fkdue;s f,i bíika fuh rpkd lr we;s w;r Forum Theatre ;=,
úYd, ld,hla kdgHh ,nd oSug fkdyels ùuhs' tu ksidfjka fuys pß;hka úfYaI isoaê oduhlg
iïnkaO lr.ksñka fuys l:d úkHdih wm f;audj uq,a lr.ksñka f.dv.eksug isÿ úh' tf,iu
fuh m¾fhaIK uÜgfï kdgHhla f,i y÷kajdoSug leu;sh' ;j o wm fuu kdgH fmkaùu i|yd
f;dard.kakd fm%alaIl lKavdhu jkafka .%dóh ck;djhs' fuys oS uq,a jYfhka fya;= jQ ldrKh
jQfha miq.sh ckjdß 3 jk osk ieñhd úiska ;u ìßh >d;kh lsÍfï isÿùu mokï lr.ksñka
iudc udOHka ;=, oS m<jk ,o woyiaj,sh hs' fuys uQ,sl f,i ueÍug fya;=jla i|yka fkdlrk
kuq;a iudch Tiafia .erySug ,lalrk ,oafoa ldka;djhs' fudjqka weh fjk;a mqreIhl= f,i
in|;d we;s wdos f,i úúO Wml,am,hkag tfuka jro l, ieñhd ksjeroslre lrñka fuys oS
mSVkh ke;skï >d;khg f.dÿre jq ;eke;a;sh jrolre lsßuuhs' fuh mS;D uQ,sl ke;kï
mqreIdêm;Hh fydnjk iudchl fYdapkSh ,laIKhls' fuu ldrKfha oS ;j;a fuh isoaêh
f;drd.ekSug fya;=jla jQfha fuys oS .erySug ,lajk ldka;djf.a ifydaorhd ;u wlald ks¾fodaIs
hehs mjid thg woyia m<lr ;sìh os mjd ueh j iudch úiska lsisÿ fidhdne,sula fkdue;s j
jeroSfuys meg,Suhs' fuu isoaêh isÿjQfha .d,a, osia;s%lalfha ysksÿj m%foaYh wdYs%;j jk ksidfjka
f;dard.kakd fm%alaIl msßi fï wdYs%; .%dóh mßirh wruqKq fõ' tfia u k.rhg meñkSfï oS
ldka;djka yd msßushd flfuka fluka iudk f,i oelSug fuka u /lshdjka j, mjd ksr; ùu
fya;=fjka wm f;audj l;d lsÍug jvd;a iqÿiq jkafka .%dóh mßirh hs' tfuka u fuys os Ndú;d
jk NdIdj" pß; kï" weÿï" ix.S;h" miq;, yd pß; iajNdjhka fuhg Tìk f,i ilia fõ'
l;d úkHdih

fkdardf.a oshKsh jk i÷ks ^tó& meñK ;ud iajdêk j cSj;a jk fyd| mjq,a cSú;hla .; lrk
fuka u .dukaÜ tll whs;sldßhls' weh m%:ufhka fõosld N+ñhg meñK ;udf.a iudc ;;a;ajh
yd ;ud ms,sn| j y÷kajd foa' bkamiq thg fya;=jkafka ;udf.a uj tod .;a ;SrKh hehs mjihs '
weh uf.a wïud f¾Kqld f,i;a mshd WIdka f,i y÷kajd oSu;a iu. weh msgj hk w;r
ol=Kqmfika f¾Kqld ud WIdka meñfKa' fuys oS b;du;a wdor hqj,la jk fudjqka fofokd osiajk
w;r fuys oS f¾Kqld w¨;a wjqreoaog we÷ï .ekSug uqo,a úhoï lrwe;s nj;a ta ms,sn| j idlÉPd
fjñka fofokd w;r flá ixjdohla wdornr f,i hhs' t;kg meñfKk irKs f¾Kqld cSú;fha
úúO .eyegj,g uqyqk oS ;u uj fuka u ifydaorhd /l.ekSug cSú;h leml, uqo,a we;s ieñhl=
yd újdy ù oeka jekaoUqjla nj;a fmr oskfha weh tk nj fudyqg mejiq fuka weh fuys meñK
we;af;a /lshdjka n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka nj fuys os f¾Kqld wjOdrKh lrhs' ta ms<sn| j I,ld
n,kjd fuka mjiñka tu ia:dkhg meñKs fodia;r .=ref.a iu. WIdka msgj hhs' fuys os irKs
iu. ixjdohl fhfok f¾Kqldf.ka irKs WIdkag we;s jq mYapd;a wd;;s ;;a;ajh ksidfjka
isÿl, ixpdrh ms<sn| j i|yka lrk úg u fudjqkaf.a cjksldj t;kska ksu ù oshKsh meñfKa'
weh ta ms<sn| j flá úia;rhla lr tkï mshd yuqod ks,Odßhl= nj;a tys oS isÿ jQ mYapd;a wd;;s
;;a;jh ksifjka uj yd mshd b;d,sfha úfoia ixpdrhl fh¥ nj;a ta i|yd ,laI 10l uqo,la
úhoï ú we;s nj;a yd ta fjkqfjka mshdg fkdoekS uj uqo,a f.k we;s nj;a Kh mshùug mshdg
fydfrka f.;=ï ks¾udK Tka,hska úl+Kk olajhs' bkamiq ksYdka; yd f¾Kqldf.a ixjdohla
fõosldfjka osiafõ' fuys oS fy<sjkafka WIdka ueoS ù ;ud fmr l, fmr jxpdjka ksidfjka
kS;sfõoshd hk ;k;=frka ;ud j .fuka bj;a lr th ;udf.a merKs fmïj;sh jk irKs yg
,ndfok nj ;a ;udf.a Kh f¾Kqld mshdf.a w;aik jxpksl f,i Ndú;d lr ;u ieñhdg o
fydfrka isÿlrk ,o fuu ls%hdj f,dalhg u fy<s lrk njg ;¾ckh lrk w;r ta fjkqjg
ieñhdf.ka ;udg fyd|ska cSú;aùug we;s tlu u. wdrlaId lrfok f,i mjihs' oshKsh kej;
meñK uj fuys os isá mSvdj;a fuhg Woõ jYfhka fodia;r .=ref.a wi,g .shúg hehs mjik
úgu Tjqf.a ixjdoh werfò' fuys os fodia;r f¾Kqldg tal md¾Yùh wdorhla lrk nj mjid ;u
wdorh m%ldY lrk w;r tys oS ;ud isák ;;a;ajh úia;r lsÍug isáh o weh Tyqg lsisjla
fkdmjihs'

bkamiq fojk cjksldj werfUk w;r fuh werfUkafka f¾Kqld msiaishla fuka my;rg
k¾;khla hlafnrhg kgk wjia:djlsks' wehf.a fnrh jdokh lrkafka WIdka jk w;r fuys
oS mfilska fodia;r .=ref.a" irKs yd ksYdka; isák w;r thg oshKsh meókSu;a iu. th tl
;ek k;r ù ujf.a k¾;khg fya;= jQ ldrKh fuu isoaêh ms<sn| flá ye|skaùula lrhs' fuys
oS Kh ms<sn| ;¾ckh yd mshd ksYdka; /lshdfjka bj;a flre nj Bg fya;=ka f,i ish¨ úia;r
iys; ÿrl:k mKsähla .súiqfï PdhdrEmhla o iu. tjd we;s nj ueh wkdjrKh lrhs' bkamiq
ksYdka; yd irKs fõosldjh meñK fudjqf.a woyia j¾;udkh jk úg we;s ;;a;jh yqjudre
lr.ksñka fudjqka tlaùu yd f¾Kqldg Woõ lsÍfuys o .súiqula we;s jk kuq;a ;ud hjk ,o
jÜiema uefiach ä,Sá fkdlrk f,i;a fï ms<sn| j WIdka oek.;hq= nj;a mjik úg u msg;ska
f¾Kqld yd wdorfhka isák y~ wefia' fudjqka fofokd msgj hhs' t;kg meñfKk WIdka
uefiach oelSfuka f¾Kqldg neK josk w;r taa iu. kej; mKsúvhla f.i tu Kh .súiqu
mq¨iaid ouk ,o mska;+rla Tyqg ,efí' ta;a iu. ;ud isá úhrefjka fjkia jk WIdka kej;
;u ìßh flfrys wdorfhka je,o .ekSUg W;aiy l, o f¾Kqld isádha lkiai,af,ks' ueh ;ud
n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjq yeiSÍula fudyqf.ka u;= ùu;a ueh iudcfha oekqu ke;sùug wehf.a
j,õldr mjq, fya;= jQ nj;a mshdf.a hgf;a isg iajdñhd w;g udre jQ nj;a mfila lrñka ;u
úuqla;sh fjkqfjka ksjiska msgj hhs' t;a iu.u ìug jefgk WIdka j oshKsh f.dia w; oS
ke.sÜgqjhs' WIdka msg ù miq j oshKsh ;ud yd ifydaorhka yodjvd .;af;a wdßhj;s nj;a iy|ka
lrñka ujf.a fuu msgj hdu;a fuu l;dj;a Tn olskafka flfiao hk mekh Tiafia fm%alaIlhdg
f*daruh ,nd foa'

fuys wm rElv f.or kdgHfha m%Odk isÿùï ish,a, iïnkaO lsÍug W;aiy .;a w;r tys oS bj;a
lsÍug fkdyels fohla fkdue;s ;rñ h' f*darï ys ,laIKhla jk fcdal¾ fjkqjg fuys oS
kqjqrdf.a oshKsh jeäuy,a ù iajdêk whl= f,I l;dj bosßm;a lrkakd f,i fm%alaIlhd bosßhg
f.k taug W;iy .;suq' fuu kdgH flá lsÍfï Wmdhla f,I o ueh yryd l;dj bosßm;a lsÍug
o W;aiy .;suq' fuys fy,au¾ pß;h wm WIdka f,i fjkia l, w;r fudyqf.a /lshdj f,i
Wiia yuqod ks,Odßhl= f,I f;dard .;suq' lsuo yuqod ks,Odßhl= ;=, mj;sk oeä úkh yd tys
n,mEu ksjig o f.k tau fuka u mqreIhd hkafka oeä udkHHl isàu yd hgy;a fkdùfï .;sh"
iudch ms<sn| is;k wdldrh wdos fya;=ka ksifjks' fuys oS fy,au¾f.a we;s ,laIK ish,a,
fudyqf.ka mfila jk w;r .eñhdg yuqod ks,Odßhd jvd;a ióm ùu o fuhg fya;= úh' fkdardd
f¾Kqld hk pß;hg .eíl, w;r ueh oeä ks;s uOHfha yeÿk j,õldr l;ls' j,õ me,eka;sfha
we;s oeä mqreIdêm;H ySkudkh fuka u l=, ms<sn| j yd ;u f.!rjh kïnqldrlu ms<sn| j
we;s wiSudka;sl oela u fuh g fya;= úh' fuys ,skafâf.a pß;h irKs yd weh ÿmam;a mSä;
mka;sfha W.;a l;la jk w;r lD.aiagdâf.a pß;h j¾;udkh jk úg .fï kS;sfõoshd f,i;a
fmr fydfrka i,a,s fmd,shg ÿka mqoa.,fhla yd jekaoUq fuka u tla ore msfhls' fuys fodia;r
.=ref.a hkq WIdkag m%;sldr l, fodia;rjrh hs'

wmf.a fuu kdgHh .Ekso ñksy o f,i ye|skaùug leu;s h' lsuo fuys kdgHfha msg j hdu;a
iu. msßñhd ksjeros f,i;a we;uqka .eyeKsh ksjeros f,i;a y÷kajd osh yels ksidfjks' fuys oS
fï l=ulao hkak ms<sn| j l=;=y,hla o mek k.S' fuu kdgHh ;=,ska uq,a lD;shg ydkshla
isÿfkdl, w;r tu wka;¾.;h u .kakd kuqÿ tfia u kdgH fmkaùug W;aiy fkd.kS' tfia
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