SIMON TASK 1 SAMPLES

STATIC CHARTS

The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.

The table gives information about poverty rates among six types of household in Australia in the year
1999.

It is noticeable that levels of poverty were higher for single people than for couples, and people with
children were more likely to be poor than those without. Poverty rates were considerably lower among
elderly people.

Overall, 11% of Australians, or 1,837,000 people, were living in poverty in 1999. Aged people were the least
likely to be poor, with poverty levels of 6% and 4% for single aged people and aged couples respectively.

Just over one fifth of single parents were living in poverty, whereas only 12% of parents living with a
partner were classed as poor. The same pattern can be seen for people with no children: while 19% of
single people in this group were living below the poverty line, the figure for couples was much lower, at
only 7%.

 poverty rates: tỷ lệ đói nghèo

 household: hộ gia đình levels of poverty: mức nghèo đói

 single people: Những người độc thân

 were more likely to: có nhiều khả năng

 living in poverty: sống trong nghèo đói

 were the least likely to: ít có khả năng làm gì nhất

 aged people: người già

 aged couples: cặp vợ chồng già

 over one fifth: hơn một phần năm

 living with a partner: sống cùng với bạn đời

 classed as: được phân loại là

 The same pattern can be seen: Xu hướng tương tự có thể được nhìn thấy

 living below the poverty line: sống dưới mức nghèo

The table below gives information about the underground railway systems in six cities.

The table shows data about the underground rail networks in six major cities.

The table compares the six networks in terms of their age, size and the number of people who use
them each year. It is clear that the three oldest underground systems are larger and serve significantly
more passengers than the newer systems.

The London underground is the oldest system, having opened in 1863. It is also the largest system,
with 394 kilometres of route. The second largest system, in Paris, is only about half the size of the
London underground, with 199 kilometres of route. However, it serves more people per year. While
only third in terms of size, the Tokyo system is easily the most used, with 1927 million passengers per
year.

Of the three newer networks, the Washington DC underground is the most extensive, with 126
kilometres of route, compared to only 11 kilometres and 28 kilometres for the Kyoto and

Los Angeles systems. The Los Angeles network is the newest, having opened in 2001, while the Kyoto
network is the smallest and serves only 45 million passengers per year.

 underground rail networks: mạng lưới đường sắt ngầm

 serve significantly more passengers than: phục vụ nhiều hành khách hơn

 kilometres of route: kilômét đường

 half the size of: một nửa kích thước

 in terms of size: về kích thước

 is easily the most used: dễ sử dụng nhất

 the most extensive: dài nhất

The bar chart compares the time spent by 10 to 15-year-olds in the UK on two activities, namely
chatting online and playing computer games.

Overall, we can see that playing computer games is marginally more popular than chatting on the
Internet. However, completely different trends can be seen if we look at the specific figures for
boys and girls.

Boys aged between 10 and 15 clearly favourplaying on games consoles over chatting online.
According to the chart, while 85% of boys play computer games every day, only 55% chat online
daily. Furthermore, the majority of boys play on their consoles for more than one hour each day,
and 10% do this activity for four hours or more.

By contrast, girls prefer chatting online. Close to 70% of 10 to 15-year-old girls engage in online
conversation each day, compared to about 50% of this cohort who play computer games. Of the
girls who do play on consoles, most of them play for less than an hour, whereas most girls who
chat online do so for more than one hour, and nearly 10% chat for four hours or more.
  marginally more popular than: phổ biến hơn 1 xíu
 completely different trends can be seen: xu hướng hoàn toàn khác nhau có thể được nhìn thấy
 the specific figures: những con số cụ thể
 favour playing on games consoles: thích chơi trên các bảng điều khiển trò chơi
 According to: theo như
 the majority of: đa số
 Prefer: thích hơn
 engage in online conversation: tham gia vào cuộc trò chuyện trực tuyến
 cohort: nhóm

The two charts compare the populations of France and India in terms of age distribution by gender in the year
1984.

It is clear that the population of India was younger than that of France in 1984, with a noticeably larger
proportion of people aged under 20. France, on the other hand, had a significantly larger percentage of elderly
inhabitants.

In India, close to 14% of people were aged 5 or under, and each five-year age bracket above this contained an
increasingly smaller proportion of the population.

France’s population, by contrast, was more evenly distributed across the age ranges, with similar figures
(around 7% to 8% of all people) for each five-year cohort between the ages of 0 and 40. Somewhere between
10% and 15% of all French people were aged 70 or older, but the equivalent figure for India was only 2%.

Looking more closely at gender, there was a noticeably higher proportion of French women than men in every
cohort from age 50 upwards. For example, almost 3% of French 70- to 75-year-olds were women, while just
under 2% were men. No significant gender differences can be seen on the Indian population chart.
  age distribution by gender: phân bố tuổi theo giới tính

 on the other hand: Mặt khác

 elderly inhabitants: người cao tuổi

 close to: gần

 age bracket: độ tuổi

 contained an increasingly smaller proportion of: có một tỷ lệ ngày càng nhỏ hơn

 more evenly distributed: được phân bố đều hơn

 each five-year cohort: mỗi nhóm tuổi cách nhau 5 năm

 the equivalent figure for: con số tương đương cho

 No significant gender differences can be seen: Không có sự khác biệt đáng kể nào về giới tính có thể
được nhìn thấy

The chart below shows the total number of Olympic medals won by twelve different countries.

The bar chart compares twelve countries in terms of the overall number of medals that they have won at the
Olympic Games.

It is clear that the USA is by far the most successful Olympic medal winning nation. It is also noticeable that the
figures for gold, silver and bronze medals won by any particular country tend to be fairly similar.

The USA has won a total of around 2,300 Olympic medals, including approximately 900 gold medals, 750 silver
and 650 bronze. In second place on the all-time medals chart is the Soviet Union, with just over 1,000 medals.
Again, the number of gold medals won by this country is slightly higher than the number of silver or bronze
medals.
Only four other countries - the UK, France, Germany and Italy - have won more than 500 Olympic medals, all
with similar proportions of each medal colour. Apart from the USA and the Soviet Union, China is the only other
country with a noticeably higher proportion of gold medals (about 200) compared to silver and bronze (about
100 each).

 the overall number of medals: tổng số huy chương

 the most successful Olympic medal winning nation: quốc gia Olympic chiến thắng huy chương thành
công nhất

 gold, silver and bronze medals: huy chương vàng, bạc, đồng

 a total of: Tổng cộng

 approximately: xấp xỉ

 In second place on the all- time medals chart: Vị trí thứ hai trên bảng xếp hạng huy chương mọi thời đại

 similar proportions of: tỷ lệ tương tự

The chart below shows numbers of incidents and injuries per 100 million passenger miles
travelled (PMT) by transportation type in 2002.

The bar chart compares the number of incidents and injuries for every 100 million passenger miles travelledon
five different types of public transport in 2002.

It is clear that the most incidents and injuries took place on demand-response vehicles. By contrast, commuter
rail services recorded by far the lowest figures.
A total of 225 incidents and 173 injuries, per 100 million passenger miles travelled, took place on demand-
response transport services. These figures were nearly three times as high as those for the second highest
category, bus services. There were 76 incidents and 66 people were injured on buses.

Rail services experienced fewer problems. The number of incidents on light rail trains equalled the figure
recorded for buses, but there were significantly fewer injuries, at only 39. Heavy rail services saw lower
numbers of such events than light rail services, but commuter rail passengers were even less likely to
experience problems. In fact, only 20 incidents and 17 injuries occurred on commuter trains.

 incidents and injuries: sự cố và chấn thương

 took place: diễn ra

 commuter rail services: dịch vụ đường sắt đi lại

 demand-response transport services: dịch vụ vận tải đáp ứng nhu cầu

 light rail trains: tàu lửa nhẹ

 Heavy rail services: Dịch vụ đường sắt hạng nặng

 commuter rail passengers: hành khách đường sắt đi làm

 occurred: xảy ra
 The chart below shows the results of a survey of people who visited four types of tourist
attraction in Britain in the year 1999.

The pie chart compares figures for visitors to four categories of tourist attraction and to five different theme
parks in Britain in 1999.

It is clear that theme parks and museums / galleries were the two most popular types of tourist attraction in
that year. Blackpool Pleasure Beach received by far the highest proportion of visitors in the theme park sector.

Looking at the information in more detail, we can see that 38% of the surveyed visitors went to a theme park,
and 37% of them went to a museum or gallery. By contrast, historic houses and monuments were visited by only
16% of the sample, while wildlife parks and zoos were the least popular of the four types of tourist attraction,
with only 9% of visitors.

In the theme park sector, almost half of the people surveyed (47%) had been to Blackpool Pleasure Beach. Alton
Towers was the second most popular amusement park, with 17% of the sample, followed by Pleasureland in
Southport, with 16%. Finally, Chessington World of Adventures and Legoland Windsor had each welcomed 10%
of the surveyed visitors.

 visitors to four categories of tourist attraction: du khách đến bốn loại điểm thu hút du lịch

 theme parks: công viên giải trí

 galleries: phòng triển lãm the highest proportion of: tỷ lệ cao nhất

 the surveyed visitors: các du khách được khảo sát historic houses: nhà lịch sử

 the sample: mẫu wildlife parks: vườn thú hoang dã

 the least popular: ít phổ biến nhất

 almost half of: gần một nửa amusement park: công viên giải trí
The bar chart below shows the proportions of English men and women of different ages who were living alone in
2011. The pie chart compares the numbers of bedrooms in these one-person households.

The two charts give information about single- occupant households in England in the year 2011. The bar chart
compares figures for occupants' age and gender, and the pie chart shows data about the number of bedrooms
in these homes.

Overall, females made up a higher proportion of people living alone than males, and this difference is
particularly noticeable in the older age categories. We can also see that the most common number of
bedrooms in a single-occupant home was two.

A significant majority of the people aged 65 or over who were living alone in England in 2011 were female.
Women made up around 72% of single occupants aged 75 to 84, and 76% of those aged 85 or over. By contrast,
among younger adults the figures for males were higher. For example, in the 35-49 age category, men
accounted for nearly 65% of people living alone.

In the same year, 35.4% of one-person households in England had two bedrooms, while one-bedroom and three-
bedroom homes accounted for 28% and 29.8% of the total. Under 7% of single-occupant homes had four or more
bedrooms.

 single-occupant households: hộ gia đình một người

 occupants' age and gender: tuổi và giới tính của người ở

 made up: chiếm

 living alone: sống một mình

 noticeable: đáng chú ý

 the older age categories: nhóm tuổi già hơn

 A significant majority of: Phần lớn đa số

 accounted for: chiếm = made up (chỉ dùng cho pie chart – biểu đồ biểu thị 100%)
 PROCESS

The diagram illustrates the stages in the life of the salmon, from birth to maturity.

It is clear that there are six main stages as the salmon develops from egg to mature adult. We can also see that
salmon spend time in three distinct locations during the cycle, moving from river to estuary to ocean and then
back upstream.

Salmon begin their lives in rivers where the adult fish lay and incubate their eggs. After emerging from eggs,
the young salmon spend the next stage of their lives being reared in freshwater areas. Then, at some point in
their development, the fish swim downstream to river estuaries where rearing continues.

Following the estuary rearing period, the maturing salmon migrate to the ocean, where they eventually
become fully grown adults. Finally, the adult fish travel back upstream to spawning areas of rivers; here they
reproduce and lay their eggs, and the life cycle begins anew
 upstream: Thượng nguồn

 lay and incubate their eggs: đẻ trứng và ấp trứng

 emerging from eggs: nở ra từ trứng

 being reared in freshwater areas: sinh trưởng ở các vùng nước ngọt

 swim downstream to river estuaries: bơi xuống hạ lưu đến cửa sông

 migrate to: di chuyển đến

 become fully grown adults: trở thành con lớn trưởng thành

 travel back upstream to spawning areas of rivers: đi ngược dòng xuôi đến các vùng sinh sản của sông

 reproduce: tái sản xuất/sinh nở

 begins anew: bắt đầu lại

The diagram shows the life cycle of a honey bee.

The diagram illustrates the various stages in the life of a honey bee. We can see that the complete life cycle
lasts between 34 and 36 days. It is also noticeable that there are five main stages in the development of the
honey bee, from egg to mature adult insect.

The life cycle of the honey bee begins when the female adult lays an egg; the female typically lays one or two
eggs every 3 days. Between 9 and 10 days later, each egg hatches and the immature insect, or nymph, appears.

During the third stage of the life cycle, the nymph grows in size and sheds its skin three times. This moulting
first takes place 5 days after the egg hatches, then 7 days later, and again another 9 days later. After a total of
30 to 31 days from the start of the cycle, the young adult honey bee emerges from its final moulting stage, and
in the space of only 4 days it reaches full maturity.

 various stages in the life of: các giai đoạn khác nhau trong cuộc đời của

 the complete life cycle: chu kỳ sống hoàn chỉnh

 mature adult insect: con côn trùng trưởng thành

 the female adult: con cái trưởng thành

 hatches: nở

 immature insect: côn trùng chưa trưởng thành

 appears: xuất hiện

 grows in size: phát triển về kích thước

 sheds its skin: thay da của nó

 moulting: lột da

 takes place: diễn ra

 emerges from its final moulting stage: xuất hiện từ giai đoạn thay da cuối cùng

 reaches full maturity: đạt đến sự trưởng thành đầy đủ

 The chart below shows the process of waste paper recycling.

The flow chart shows how waste paper is recycled. It is clear that there are six distinct stages in this process,
from the initial collection of waste paper to the eventual production of usable paper.

At the first stage in the paper recycling process, waste paper is collected either from paper banks, where
members of the public leave their used paper, or directly from businesses. This paper is then sorted by hand
and separated according to its grade, with any paper that is not suitable for recycling being removed. Next, the
graded paper is transported to a paper mill.

Stages four and five of the process both involve cleaning. The paper is cleaned and pulped, and foreign objects
such as staples are taken out. Following this, all remnants of ink and glue are removed from the paper at the
de-inking stage. Finally, the pulp can be processed in a paper making machine, which makes the end product:
usable paper.

 Recycled: Tái chế

 the initial collection of waste paper: gia đoạn thu nhặt ban đầu của giấy thải

 the eventual production of usable paper: giai đoạn sản xuất giấy có thể sử dụng được

 members of the public: thành viên của công chúng

 sorted by hand: được phân loại bằng tay

 separated according to its grade: phân loại theo chất lượng của nó

 transported to: được vận chuyển đến

 cleaned and pulped: được làm sạch và làm nhão

 foreign objects: vật không cần thiết

 staples: đinh kẹp

 remnants of ink and glue: tàn dư của mực và keo

 de-inking stage: khử mực

 processed: xử lý
The diagram below shows how coffee is produced and prepared for sale in
supermarkets and shops.
The picture illustrates the process of coffee manufacture and preparation for sale on the market.

It is clear that there are 11 stages in the production of coffee. The process begins with the picking of coffee
beans, and ends at the packing stage.

Looking at the coffee production process in detail, coffee beans must first be picked in the fields. These beans
are then dried, roasted, and cooled before being put in a grinding machine, which turns the beans into coffee
granules.

At the sixth stage in the process, the ground coffee is mixed with hot water, and the resulting mixture is
strained. Next, the mixture is frozen and then passed once again through the grinder. After that, the ground,
frozen liquid is dried in a vacuum so that the water evaporates, leaving the coffee granules. Finally, these
granules are packed into coffee jars for delivery to shops.

 coffee manufacture: sản xuất cà phê

 the picking of: việc chọn lựa

 the packing stage: giai đoạn đóng gói

 coffee beans: hạt cà phê

 dried: được sấy khô

 roasted: được rang

 cooled: được làm nguội

 a grinding machine: máy nghiền

 coffee granules: hạt cà phê

 strained: được ép

 frozen: đông lạnh

 passed once again through the grinder: được đưa qua máy nghiền 1 lần nữa

 The ground, frozen liquid: chất lỏng đông lạnh đã được nghiền

 vacuum: chân không

 evaporates: bay hơi

 coffee jars: bình cà phê

The diagram below shows how the Australian Bureau of Meteorology collects up-to-the-minute information on
the weather in order to produce reliable forecasts.
The figure illustrates the process used by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology to forecast the weather.

There are four stages in the process, beginning with the collection of information about the weather. This
information is then analysed, preparedfor presentation, and finally broadcast to the public.

Looking at the first and second stages of the process, there are three ways of collecting weather data and
three ways of analysing it. Firstly, incoming information can be received by satellite and presented for analysis
as a satellite photo. The same data can also be passed to a radar station and presented on a radar screen or
synoptic chart.

Secondly, incoming information may be collected directly by radar and analysed on a radar screen or synoptic
chart. Finally, drifting buoys also receive data which can be shown on a synoptic chart.

At the third stage of the process, the weather broadcast is prepared on computers. Finally, it is delivered to the
public on television, on the radio, or as a recorded telephone announcement.

 forecast the weather: dự báo thời tiết

 the collection of: bộ sưu tập của

 analysed: phân tích

 prepared for presentation: chuẩn bị cho việc thuyết trình

 broadcast to the public: phát sóng tới công chúng

 collecting weather data: thu thập dữ liệu thời tiết

 incoming information: thông tin đến

 satellite: vệ tinh

 satellite photo: ảnh vệ tinh

 radar station: trạm ra đa

 radar screen: màn hình ra đa

 synoptic chart: biểu đồ tổng hợp

 drifting buoys: phao nổi

 delivered to: giao cho

 a recorded telephone announcement: một thông báo điện thoại được ghi lại
The diagram below shows the water cycle, which is the continuous movement of water on, above and below the
surface of the Earth.

The picture illustrates the way in which water passes from ocean to air to land during the natural process
known as the water cycle.

Three main stages are shown on the diagram. Ocean water evaporates, falls as rain, and eventually runs back
into the oceans again.

Beginning at the evaporation stage, we can see that 80% of water vapour in the air comes from the oceans.
Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate, and water vapour condenses to form clouds. At the second
stage, labelled ‘precipitation’ on the diagram, water falls as rain or snow.

At the third stage in the cycle, rainwater may take various paths. Some of it may fall into lakes or return to the
oceans via ‘surface runoff’. Otherwise, rainwater may filter through the ground, reaching the impervious layer
of the earth. Salt water intrusion is shown to take place just before groundwater passes into the oceans to
complete the cycle.

 passes from ocean to air to land: đi từ đại dương đến không khí

 the water cycle: chu kỳ nước

 evaporate: bay hơi

 falls as rain: rơi dưới hình thức mưa

 runs back into: chảy ngược về

 vapour: hơi

 Heat: nhiệt
 Condense: ngưng tụ

 form clouds: hình thành đám mây

 labeled: được dán nhãn, có tên là

 take various paths: đi theo nhiều con đường

 surface runoff: dòng chảy bề mặt

 Otherwise: Nếu không thì

 filter through the ground: lọc qua mặt đất

 the impervious layer: lớp không thấm

 Salt water intrusion: sự xâm nhập của nước muối

 take place: diễn ra

 groundwater: nước ngầm