Heat transfer (MCQs)

1. The literature of heat transfer generally recognizes distinct modes of heat

transfer. How many modes are there?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four.
2. Consider system A at uniform temperature t and system B at
another uniform temperature T (t > T). Let the two systems be
brought into contact and be thermally insulated from their
surroundings but not from each other. Energy will flow from
system A to system B because of

a) Temperature difference
b) Energy difference
c) Mass difference
d) Volumetric difference.
3. An oil cooler in a high-performance engine has an outside surface
area 0.12 m2 and a surface temperature of 65 degree Celsius. At
any intermediate time, air moves over the surface of the cooler at
a temperature of 30 degree Celsius and gives rise to a surface
coefficient equal to 45.4 W/ m 2 K. Find out the heat transfer rate?
a) 238.43 W
b) 190.68 W
c) 543.67 W
d) 675.98 W.
4. Unit of the rate of heat transfer is
a) Joule
b) Newton
c) Pascal
d) Watt.
5. Convective heat transfer coefficient does not depend on
a) Surface area
b) Space
c) Time
d) Orientation of solid surface.
6. The rate equation used to describe the mechanism of convection is called
Newton’s law of cooling. So, rate of heat flow by convection does not
depend on
a) Convective heat transfer coefficient
b) Surface area through which heat flows
c) Time
d) Temperature potential difference.
7. How many types of convection process are there?
a) One
b) Three
c) Four
d) Two.
8. Thermal conductivity is maximum for which substance
a) Silver
b) Ice
c) Aluminium
d) Diamond.
9. A radiator in a domestic heating system operates at a surface temperature
of 60 degree Celsius. Calculate the heat flux at the surface of the radiator
if it behaves as a black body
a) 697.2 W/m2
b) 786.9 W/m2
c) 324.7 W/m2
d) 592.1 W/m2.
10.Which of the following is an example of forced convection?
a) Chilling effect of cold wind on a warm body
b) Flow of water in condenser tubes
c) Cooling of billets in the atmosphere
d) Heat exchange on cold and warm pipes.
11.Regarding one dimensional heat transfer, choose the correct statement.
a) Steady – f (x), Unsteady – f (x, t)
b) Steady – f (x, t), Unsteady – f (x)
c) Steady – f (x, y, t), Unsteady – f (x)
d) Steady – f (y, z), Unsteady – f (y)
12.Which statement is true regarding steady state condition?
a) There is a variation in temperature in the course of time
b) Heat exchange is constant
c) It is a function of space and time coordinates
d) Internal energy of the system changes.
13. Which of the following is an example of steady state heat transfer?
a) Boilers and turbines
b) Cooling of I.C engine
c) Chilling effect of cold wind on a warm body
d) Electric bulb cools down by the surrounding atmosphere.
14. Heat transfer in a long, hollow cylinder which is maintained at uniform
but different temperatures on its inner and outer surfaces may be assumed
to be taking place in which direction?
a) Axial only
b) Unpredictable
c) Radial only
d) No heat transfer takes place.
15. Heat transfer takes place according to which law?
a) Newton’s law of cooling
b) Second law of thermodynamics
c) Newton’s second law of motion
d) First law of thermodynamics.
16. Heat transfer takes place in liquids and gases is essentially due to
a) Radiation
b) Conduction
c) Convection
d) Conduction as well as convection.
17. The appropriate rate equation for convective heat transfer between a
surface and adjacent fluid is prescribed by
a) Newton’s first law
b) Wein’s displacement law
c) Kirchhoff’s law
d) Newton’s law of cooling.
18. Identify the wrong statement
a) The process of heat transfer is an irreversible process
b) For heat exchange, a temperature gradient must exist
c) A material medium is not necessary for heat transmission
d) Heat flow does not depend on temperature.
19. During a cold winter season, a person prefers to sit near a fire. Which of
the following modes of heat transfer provides him the maximum heat?
a) Conduction from the fire
b) If it is near the fire, convection sounds good
c) Convection and radiation together
d) Radiation will provide quick warmth.
20. Most unsteady heat flow occurs
a) Through the walls of the refrigerator
b) During annealing of castings
c) Through the walls of the furnace
d) Through lagged pipe carrying steam.
21.The famous Fourier series is named after
a) Diller and Ryan
b) J.B. Joseph Fourier
c) Stefan- Boltzmann
d) Wein’s.
22. Fourier law of heat conduction is best represented by
a) Q = -k A d t /d x
b) Q = k A d x/d t
c) Q = -k A
d) Q = k d t/d x.
23. Here are some assumptions that are made for Fourier law. Identify the
wrong one
a) No internal heat generation
b) Steady state heat conduction
c) Non- linear temperature profile
d) Isotropic and homogenous material.
24. Consider the following statements: The Fourier heat conduction equation
Q = -k A d t /d x, presumes
i) Steady state conditions
ii) Constant value of thermal conductivity
iii) Uniform temperature at the wall surface
iv) One dimensional heat flow
Which of these statements are correct?
a) i, ii and iii
b) i, ii and iv
c) i, iii and iv
d) i, iii and iv.
25. Negative sign in Fourier heat conduction equation indicates
a) Heat always flow is in the direction of positive temperature gradient
b) Heat always flow in the direction of negative temperature gradient
c) No heat flow is there
d) Data is insufficient.
26. Transmission of heat i.e., molecular is smallest in case of
a) Gases
b) Liquids
c) Alloys
d) Solids.
27. The diagram shows heat conduction through a plane wall. The surface
temperature is 475 K, and it radiates heat to the surroundings at 335 K. If
thermal conductivity of the material is 12.5 W/m degree, find the
temperature gradient. Let convective coefficient be 80 W/m2 degree and
radiation factor is 0.9

a) – 1052.4 degree Celsius

b) – 2052.4 degree Celsius
c) – 3052.4 degree Celsius
d) – 4052.4 degree Celsius.
28. Which one is not the unit of thermal conductivity?
a) kcal/m hr K
b) KJ/m hr K
c) W/m s K
d) Cal/cm s K.
29. “Thermal conductivity represents the amount of heat conducted across
the unit area when a temperature difference of one kelvin”.
a) True
b) False.
30. Which of the following is the unit of thermal resistance?
a) degree/kcal
b) hour degree
c) s degree/kcal
d) degree/W.
31. Thermal conductivity is defined as the heat flow per unit time
a) When the temperature gradient is unity
b) Across the wall with no temperature
c) Through a unit thickness of the wall
d) Across unit area where the temperature gradient is unity.
32. Mark the matter with least value of thermal conductivity
a) Air
b) Water
c) Ash
d) Window glass.
33. Which one of the following forms of water have the highest value of
thermal conductivity?
a) Boiling water
b) Steam
c) Solid ice
d) Melting ice.
34. Identify the very good insulator
a) Saw dust
b) Cork
c) Asbestos sheet
d) Glass wool.
35. Most metals are good conductor of heat because of
a) Transport of energy
b) Free electrons and frequent collision of atoms
c) Lattice defects
d) Capacity to absorb energy.
36. Heat conduction in gases is due to
a) Elastic impact of molecules
b) Movement of electrons
c) EM Waves
d) Mixing of gases.
37. The heat energy propagation due to conduction heat transfer will be
minimum for
a) Lead
b) Water
c) Air
d) Copper.
38. Choose the false statement
a) For pure metal thermal conductivity is more
b) Thermal conductivity decreases with increase in the density of the substance
c) Thermal conductivity of dry material is lower than that of damp material
d) Heat treatment causes variation in thermal conductivity.
39. In Cartesian coordinates the heat conduction equation is given by
a) d2t/dx2 + d2t/dy2 + d2t/dz2 + q g = (1/α) (d t/d T)
b) 2d2t/dx2 + d2t/dy2 + d2t/dz2 + 34q g = (d t/d T)
c) d2t/dx2 + 3d2t/dy2 + d2t/dz2 = (1/α) (d t/d T)
d) 4d2t/dx2 + d2t/dy2 + d2t/dz2 + 1/2q g = (1/α) (d t/d T).
40. The temperature distribution in a large thin plate with uniform surface
temperature will be
(Assume steady state condition)
a) Logarithmic
b) Hyperbolic
c) Parabolic
d) Linear.
41. Let us assume two walls of same thickness and cross-sectional area having
thermal conductivities in the ratio 1/2. Let us say there is same temperature
difference across the wall faces, the ratio of heat flow will be
a) 1
b) 1/2
c) 2
d) 4.
42. The interior of an oven is maintained at a temperature of 850 degree
Celsius by means of a suitable control apparatus. The oven walls are 500
mm thick and are fabricated from a material of thermal conductivity 0.3
W/m degree. For an outside wall temperature of 250 degree Celsius,
workout the resistance to heat flow
a) 0.667 degree/W
b) 1.667 degree/W
c) 2.667 degree/W
d) 3.667 degree/W.
43. A plane slab of thickness 60 cm is made of a material of thermal
conductivity k = 17.45 W/m K. Let us assume that one side of the slab
absorbs a net amount of radiant energy at the rate q = 530.5 watt/m2. If the
other face of the slab is at a constant temperature t2 = 38 degree Celsius.
Comment on the temperature with respect to the slab?
a) 87.5 degree Celsius
b) 32 degree Celsius
c) 47.08 degree Celsius
d) 32.87 degree Celsius.
44. The rate of heat transfer for a plane wall of homogenous material with
constant thermal conductivity is given by
a) Q = kA (t1-t2)/δ
b) Q = 2kAx/ δ
c) Q = 2kAδx
d) Q = 2k/δ x.
45. In case of homogeneous plane wall, there is a linear temperature
distribution given by
a) t = t1 + (t2-t1) δ/x
b) t = t2 – (t2-t1) x/ δ
c) t = t1 + (t2-t1) x
d) t = t1 + (t2-t1) x/ δ.
46. The rate of convective heat transfer between a solid boundary and
adjacent fluid is given by
a) Q = h A (t s – t f)
b) Q = h A
c) Q = (t s – t f)
d) Q = h (t s – t f).
47. A homogeneous wall of area A and thickness δ has left and right-hand
surface temperatures of 0 degree Celsius and 40 degree Celsius.
Determine the temperature at the centre of the wall
a) 10 degree Celsius
b) 20 degree Celsius
c) 30 degree Celsius
d) 40 degree Celsius.
48. A rod of 3 cm diameter and 20 cm length is maintained at 100 degree
Celsius at one end and 10 degree Celsius at the other end. These
temperature conditions are attained when there is heat flow rate of 6 W. If
cylindrical surface of the rod is completely insulated, determine the
thermal conductivity of the rod material.
a) 21.87 W/m degree
b) 20.87 W/m degree
c) 19.87 W/m degree
d) 18.87 W/m degree.
49. A composite wall generally consists of
a) One homogenous layer
b) Multiple heterogeneous layers
c) One heterogeneous layer
d) Multiple homogenous layers.
50. Three metal walls of the same thickness and cross-sectional area have
thermal conductivities k, 2k and 3k, respectively. The temperature drop
across the walls (for same heat transfer) will be in the ratio
a) 3:2:1
b) 1:1:1
c) 1:2:3
d) Given data is insufficient.
51. A composite wall is made of two layers of thickness δ1 and δ2 having
thermal conductivities k and 2k and equal surface area normal to the
direction of heat flow. The outer surface of composite wall is at 100 degree
Celsius and 200 degree Celsius. The minimum surface temperature at the
junction is 150 degree Celsius. What will be the ratio of wall thickness?
a) 1:1
b) 2:1
c) 1:2
d) 2:3.
52. Let us say thermal conductivity of a wall is governed by the relation k =
k0 (1+ α t). In that case the temperature at the mid-plane of the heat
conducting wall would be
a) Av. of the temperature at the wall faces
b) More than average of the temperature at the wall faces
c) Less than average of the temperature at the wall faces
d) Depends upon the temperature difference between the wall faces.
53. Heat is transferred from a hot fluid to a cold one through a plane wall of
thickness (δ), surface area (A) and thermal conductivity (k). The thermal
resistance is
a) 1/A (1/h1 + δ/k + 1/h2)
b) A (1/h1 + δ/k + 1/h2)
c) 1/A (h1 + δ/k + h2)
d) A (h1 + δ/k + 1/h2).
54. Find the heat flow rate through the composite wall as shown in figure.
Assume one dimensional flow and take

k 1 = 150 W/m degree

k 2 = 30 W/m degree
k 3 = 65 W/m degree
k 4 = 50 W/m degree
AB = 3 cm, BC = 8 cm, and CD = 5 cm. The distance between middle
horizontal line from the top is 3 cm and from the bottom is 7 cm
a) 1173.88 W
b) 1273.88 W
c) 1373.88 W
d) 1473.88 W.
55. A pipe carrying steam at 215.75 degree Celsius enters a room and some
heat is gained by surrounding at 27.95 degree Celsius. The major effect of
heat loss to surroundings will be due to
a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) Both conduction and convection.
56. “Radiation cannot be affected through vacuum or space devoid of any
matter”. True or false
a) True
b) False.
57. A composite slab has two layers having thermal conductivities in the ratio
of 1:2. If the thickness is the same for each layer then the equivalent
thermal conductivity of the slab would be
a) 1/3
b) 2/3
c) 2
d) 4/3.
58. A composite wall of a furnace has two layers of equal thickness having
thermal conductivities in the ratio 2:3. What is the ratio of the temperature
drop across the two layers?
a) 2:3
b) 3:2
c) 1:2
d) log e 2 : log e 3.
59. A steel pipe of 20 mm inner diameter and 2 mm thickness is covered with
20 mm thick of fibre glass insulation (k = 0.05 W/m degree). If the inside
and outside convective coefficients are 10 W/m2 degree and 5
W/m2 degree, calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient based on inside
diameter of pipe. In the diagram, the diameter of small circle is 20 mm

a) 1.789 W/m2 degree

b) 2.789 W/m2 degree
c) 3.789 W/m2 degree
d) 4.789 W/m2 degree.
60. A hot fluid is being conveyed through a long pipe of 4 cm outer diameter
and covered with 2 cm thick insulation. It is proposed to reduce the
conduction heat loss to the surroundings to one-third of the present rate by
further covering with same insulation. Calculate the additional thickness of
insulation
a) 11 cm
b) 12 cm
c) 13 cm
d) 14 cm.
61. The heat flow equation through a cylinder of inner radius r1 and outer
radius r2 is desired to be written in the same form as that for heat flow
through a plane wall. For wall thickness (r 2-r 1) the area will be
a) A1 + A2/2
b) A1 + A2
c) A2 – A1/ log e (A2/A1)
d) A1 + A2/2 log e (A2/A1).
62. A cylinder of radius r and made of material of thermal conductivity k 1 is
surrounded by a cylindrical shell of inner radius r and outer radius 2r. This
outer shell is made of a material of thermal conductivity k 2. Net
conductivity would be
a) k 1 + 3 k 2/4
b) k 1 + k 2/4
c) k 1 + 3k 2
d) k 1 + k 2.
63. For steady state and a constant value of thermal conductivity, the
temperature distribution associated with radial convection through a
cylinder is
a) Linear
b) Parabolic
c) Logarithmic
d) Exponential.
64. A cylindrical cement tube of radii 0.05 cm and 1.0 cm has a wire embedded
into it along its axis. To maintain a steady temperature difference of 120
degree Celsius between the inner and outer surfaces, a current of 5 amperes
is made to flow in the wire. Find the amount of heat generated per meter
length. Take resistance of wire equal to 0.1 ohm per cm of length
a) 150 W/m length
b) 250 W/m length
c) 350 W/m length
d) 450 W/m length.
65. A stainless-steel tube with inner diameter 12 mm, thickness 0.2 mm and
length 50n cm is heated electrically. The entire 15 k W of heat energy
generated in the tube is transferred through its outer surface. Find the
intensity of the current flow
a) 52 amps
b) 62 amps
c) 72 amps
d) 82 amps.
66. The temperature distribution associated with radial conduction through a
sphere is represented by
a) Parabola
b) Hyperbola
c) Linear
d) Ellipse.
67. The thermal resistance for heat conduction through a spherical wall is
a) (r2-r1)/2πkr1r2
b) (r2-r1)/3πkr1r2
c) (r2-r1)/πkr1r2
d) (r2-r1)/4πkr1r2.
68. The rate of conduction heat flow in case of a composite sphere is given
by
a) Q = t1 – t2/ (r2 – r1)/4πk1r1r2 + (r3 – r2 )/4πk2r2r3
b) Q = t1 – t2/ (r2 – r1)/4πk1r1r2 + (r3 – r2 )/4πk2r2r3
c) Q = t1 – t2/ (r2 – r1)/4πk1r1r2 + (r3 – r2 )/4πk2r2r3
d) Q = t1 – t2/ (r2 – r1)/4πk1r1r2 + (r3 – r2 )/4πk2r2r3.
69. The thermal resistance for heat conduction through a hollow sphere of
inner radius r1 and outer radius r2 is
a) r 2 – r 1/4πk r 1r 2
b) r 2 /4πk r 1r 2
c) r 1/4πk r 1r 2
d) 4πk r 1r 2.
70. A spherical vessel of 0.5 m outside diameter is insulated with 0.2 m
thickness of insulation of thermal conductivity 0.04 W/m degree. The
surface temperature of the vessel is – 195 degree Celsius and outside air is
at 10 degree Celsius. Determine heat flow per m2 based on inside area
a) – 63.79 W/m2
b) – 73.79 W/m2
c) – 83.79 W/m2
d) – 93.79 W/m2.
71. The quantity d t/Q for conduction of heat through a body i.e., spherical in
shape is
a) ln (r2/r1)/2πLk
b) ln (r2/r1)/πLk
c) ln (r2/r1)/2Lk
d) ln (r2/r1)/2πk.
72. A spherical vessel of 0.5 m outside diameter is insulated with 0.2 m
thickness of insulation of thermal conductivity 0.04 W/m degree. The
surface temperature of the vessel is – 195 degree Celsius and outside air
is at 10 degree Celsius. Determine heat flow
a) – 47.93 W
b) – 57.93 W
c) – 67.93 W
d) – 77.93 W.
73. If we increase the thickness of insulation of a circular rod, heat loss to
surrounding due to
a) Convection and conduction increases
b) Convection and conduction decreases
c) Convection decreases while that due to conduction increases
d) Convection increases while that due to conduction decreases.
74. The following data pertains to a hollow cylinder and a hollow sphere made
of same material and having the same temperature drop over the wall
thickness. Inside radius = 0.1 m and outside surface area = 1 square meter.
If the outside radius for both the geometrics is same, calculate the ratio of
heat flow in the cylinder to that of sphere?
a) 0.056
b) 2.345
c) 1.756
d) 3.543.
75. A cable of 10 mm outside is to be laid in an atmosphere of 25 degree
Celsius (h = 12.5 W/m2 degree) and its surface temperature is likely to be
75 degree Celsius due to heat generated within it. How would the heat flow
from the cable be affected if it is insulated with rubber having thermal
conductivity k = 0.15 W/m degree?
a) 43.80 W per meter length
b) 53.80 W per meter length
c) 63.80 W per meter length
d) 73.80 W per meter length
76. The oven of an electric store, of total outside surface area 2.9 m2 dissipates
electric energy at the rate of 600 W. The surrounding room air is at 20
degree Celsius and the surface coefficient of heat transfer between the
room air and the surface of the oven is estimated to be 11.35 W/m 2 degree.
Determine the average steady state temperature of the outside surface of
the store

a) 38.22 degree Celsius

b) 48.22 degree Celsius
c) 58.22 degree Celsius
d) 68.22 degree Celsius.
77. Choose the correct one with respect to the critical radius of insulation
a) There is more heat loss i.e., conductive
b) There occurs a decrease in heat flux
c) Heat loss increases with addition of insulation
d) Heat loss decreases with addition of insulation.
78. A heat exchanger shell of outside radius 15 cm is to be insulated with glass
wool of thermal conductivity 0.0825 W/m degree. The temperature at the
surface is 280 degree Celsius and it can be assumed to remain constant
after the layer of insulation has been applied to the shell. The convective
film coefficient between the outside surface of glass wool and the
surrounding air is estimated to be 8 W/m2 degree. What is the value of a
critical radius?
a) 9.31 mm
b) 10.31 mm
c) 11.31 mm
d) 12.31 mm.
79. For an object i.e., spherical the value of critical radius would be
a) 2k/3h
b) 3k/h
c) 2k/h
d) k/h.
80. An electric cable of aluminium (k = 240 W/ m degree) is to be insulated
with rubber (k = 6 W/ square meter degree). If the cable is in air (h = 6
W/square meter degree). Find the critical radius?
a) 80 mm
b) 160 mm
c) 40 mm
d) 25 mm.
81. The value of critical radius in case of a cylindrical hollow object is
a) 2k/h
b) 2h/k
c) k/h
d) h/k.
82. A wire of radius 3 mm and 1.25 m length is to be maintained at 60 degree
Celsius by insulating it by a material of thermal conductivity 0.175 W/m
K. The temperature of surrounding is 20 degree Celsius with heat transfer
coefficient 8.5 W/ m2 K. Find percentage increase in heat loss due to
insulation?
a) 134.46 %
b) 124.23 %
c) 100.00 %
d) 12.55 %.
83. A pipe of outside diameter 20 mm is to be insulated with asbestos which
has a mean thermal conductivity of 0.1 W/m degree. The local coefficient
of convective heat to the surroundings is 5 W/square meter degree. Find
the critical radius of insulation for optimum heat transfer from a pipe?
a) 10 mm
b) 20 mm
c) 30 mm
d) 40 mm.
84. For insulation to be properly effective in restricting heat transmission,
the pipe radius r0 will be
a) Greater than critical radius
b) Less than critical radius
c) Equal to critical radius
d) Greater than or equal to critical radius.
85. The extended surface used for the enhancement of heat dissipation is
a) Convective coefficient
b) Fourier number
c) Fin
d) No finned surface.
86. A very long copper rod 20 mm in diameter extends horizontally from a
plane heated wall maintained at 100 degree Celsius. The surface of the rod
is exposed to an air environment at 20 degree Celsius with convective heat
transfer coefficient of 8.5 W/m2 degree. Workout the heat loss if the
thermal conductivity of copper is 400 W/m degree.
a) 10.71 W
b) 20.71 W
c) 30.71 W
d) 40.71 W.
87. Common applications of finned surfaces are with
(i) Electrical motors
(ii) Economizers for steam power plant
(iii) Convectors for steam and cold-water heating systems
(iv) Cooling coils
Identify the correct option
a) i, ii and iv
b) i, ii and iii
c) i, ii, iii and iv
d) i and ii.
88. It is said that fins can take a variety of forms
(i) Longitudinal fins of rectangular cross section attached to a wall
(ii) Cylindrical tubes with radial fins
(iii) Conical rod protruding from a wall
Identify the correct statement
a) i only
b) i and ii
c) ii and iii
d) i, ii and iii.
89. A steel rod (k = 30 W/m degree) 1 cm in diameter and 5 cm long protrudes
from a wall which is maintained at 10 degree Celsius. The rod is insulated
at its tip and is exposed to an environment with h = 50 W/m2 degree and
t a = 30 degree Celsius. Calculate the fin efficiency.
a) 56.57%
b) 66.57%
c) 76.57%
d) 86.57%.
90. If the fin is sufficiently thin, so heat flows pertain to
a) One-dimensional heat conduction
b) Two-dimensional heat conduction
c) Three-dimensional heat conduction
d) No heat flow is there.
91. To achieve maximum heat dissipation, the fin should be designed in such
a way that has a
a) Maximum lateral surface towards the tip side of fin
b) Minimum lateral surface near the centre line
c) Maximum lateral surface at the root side of fin
d) Maximum lateral surface near the centre of fin.
92. On a heat transfer surface, fins are provided to
a) Increase turbulence in flow for enhancing heat transfer
b) Increase temperature gradient to enhance heat transfer
c) Pressure drop of the fluid should be minimized
d) Surface area is maximum to promote the rate of heat transfer.
93. A steel rod (k = 30 W/m degree) 1 cm in diameter and 5 cm long protrudes
from a wall which is maintained at 10 degree Celsius. The rod is insulated
at its tip and is exposed to an environment with h = 50 W/m2 degree and
t a = 30 degree Celsius. Calculate the rate of heat dissipation.
a) 2.658 W
b) 3.658 W
c) 4.658 W
d) 5.658 W.
94. In heat dissipation from an infinitely long fin, the boundary conditions
are
a) t = t0 at x = infinity and t = ta at x = 0
b) t = t0 at x = 0 and t = ta at x = infinity
c) t = t0 at x = 0 and t = ta at x = 0
d) t = t0 at x = infinity and t = ta at x = infinity.
95. The temperature distribution in case of infinitely long fin is
a) t – t a/t 0 – t a = mx
b) t – t a/t 0 – t a = -mx
c) t – t a/t 0 – t a = e-m x
d) t – t a/t 0 – t a = log (m x).
96. The rate of heat transfer in case of infinitely long fin is given by
a) (h P k A) 1/2 (t 0 – t a)
b) (h P A) 1/2 (t 0 – t a)
c) (P k A) 1/2 (t 0 – t a)
d) (h k A) 1/2 (t 0 – t a).
97. The value of correction length for equilateral fin is
a) L C = 2 L + a/4(3)1/2
b) L C = L + a/4(3)1/2
c) L C = 3 L + a/4(3)1/2
d) L C = 6 L + a/4(3)1/2
98. Let us say there are two rods having same dimensions, one made of brass
(k = 85W/m K) and the other of copper (k = 375W/m K), having one of
their ends inserted into a furnace. At a section 10.5 cm away from the
furnace, the temperature of brass rod is 120 degree Celsius. Find the
distance at which the same temperature would be reached in the copper
rod? Both ends are exposed to the same environment.
a) 12.54 cm
b) 45.87 cm
c) 12.34 cm
d) 22.05 cm.
99. Three rods, one made of silver (l = 420W/m K), second made of
aluminium (k = 210W/m K) and the third made of iron (k = 70W/m K) are
coated with a uniform layer of wax all around. The rods are placed
vertically in a boiling water bath with 250 mm length of each rod projecting
outside. If all the rods are having following dimensions i.e., diameter = 15
mm and length = 300 mm and have identical surface coefficient 12.5W/
m2 K, work out the ratio of lengths up to which wax will melt on each rod.
a) 2.45:1:1.732
b) 1.732:1:2.45
c) 2.45:1.732:1
d) 1.732:1:2.45.
100. Let us assume there are two pieces of copper wire 0.1625 cm in
diameter with a device that melts it at 195 degree Celsius. The wires are
positioned vertically in air at 24 degree Celsius and the heat transfer
coefficient of the wire is 17 W/ square m K. Let us say k = 335W/m K i.e.,
of wire. Find out the energy input?

a) 1.234W
b) 2.652W
c) 4.562W
d) 9.435W.
101. A rod of 10 mm square section and 160 mm length with thermal
conductivity of 50W/m K protrudes from a furnace wall at 200 degree
Celsius with convective coefficient 20 W/ square m K. Make calculations
for the heat convective up to 80 mm length
a) 6.84W
b) 7.34W
c) 4.54W
d) 5.47W.
102. A fin protrudes from a surface which is held at a temperature
higher than that of its environment. The heat transferred away from the
fin is
a) Heat escaping from the tip of the fin
b) Heat conducted along the fin length
c) Convective heat transfer from the fin surface
d) Sum of heat conducted along the fin length and that convected from the surface.
103. The parameter m = (h P/k A C) 1/2 has been stated to increase in a
long fin. If all other parameters are constant, then
a) Profile of temperature will remain the same
b) Along the length temperature drop will be less
c) The parameter influences the heat flow only
d) The temperature drop along the length will be steeper.
104. The relevant boundary conditions in case of heat dissipation from a
fin insulated at the tip are
a) t = t 0 at x = 0 and d t/d x = 0 at x = 0
b) t = t 0 at x = 0 and d t/d x = 0 at x = 1
c) t = t 0 at x = 1 and d t/d x = 0 at x = 1
d) t = t 0 at x = infinity and d t/d x = 0 at x = infinity.
105. The temperature distribution in case of fin insulated at the tip is
given by
a) t – t0/t0 – t a = cos h m (3 – x)/cos ml
b) t – t0/t0 – t a = cos h m (2 – x)/sin h ml
c) t – t0/t0 – t a = cos h m (l – x)/cos h ml
d) t – t0/t0 – t a = cos m (l – x)/sin ml.
106. The rate of heat transfer from the fin in case of fin insulated at the
tip is
a) (h P k A)1/2 (t 0 – t a) tan h ml
b) (h k A)1/2 (t 0 – t a) tan h ml
c) (h P A)1/2 (t 0 – t a) tan h ml
d) (h P k)1/2 (t 0 – t a) tan h ml.
107. “Fin is insulated at the tip”. What does that mean?
a) Less heat is transferred from the tip
b) Heat will transferred from tip only
c) More heat is transferred from the tip
d) No heat is transferred from the tip.
108. Find the heat transfer rate from a hot surface for 6 fins of 10 cm
length? The base temperature of the fin is maintained at 200 degree Celsius
and the film is exposed to a convection environment at 15 degree Celsius
with convective coefficient 25W/square m K. Each fin has cross-sectional
area 2.5 square centimetre and is made of a material having thermal
conductivity 250W/m K
a) 120.34W
b) 130.18W
c) 145.46W
d) 165.43W.
109. An array of 10 fins of anodized aluminium (k = 180W/m K) is used
to cool a transistor operating at a location where the ambient conditions
correspond to temperature 35 degree Celsius and convective coefficient
12W/square m K. The distance AB is 3 mm, EF is 0.4 mm. The length of
the fin is 5 mm and has its base at 60 degree Celsius. Find the power
dissipated by the fin array?

a) 8.673W
b) 1.432W
c) 0.786W
d) 0.128W.
110. The utility of fin in dissipating a given quantity of heat is generally
assessed on the basic of how many parameters?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4.
111. An electronic semiconductor device generates 0.16 k J/hr of heat. To
keep the surface temperature at the upper safe limit of 75 degree Celsius,
it is desired that the heat generated should be dissipated to the surrounding
environment which is at 30 degree Celsius. The task is accomplished by
attaching aluminium fins, 0.5 square mm and 10 mm to the surface. Work
out the number of fins if thermal conductivity of fin material is 690W/m K
and the heat transfer coefficient is 45k J/square m hr K. Neglect the heat
loss from the tip of the fin.
a) 4
b) 3
c) 2
d) 1.
112. A rod of 10 mm diameter and 80 mm length with thermal
conductivity 16W/ m K protrudes from a surface at 160 degree Celsius.
The rod is exposed to air at 30 degree Celsius with a convective coefficient
of 25W/square m K. How does the heat flow from this rod get affected if
the same material volume is used for two fins of the same length? Assume
short fin with insulated end.
a) 12.25 %
b) 25.6 %
c) 23.4 %
d) 21.2 %.
113. Two rods A and B of the same length and diameter protrude from a
surface at 120 degree Celsius and are exposed at air at 25 degree Celsius.
The temperatures measured at the end of the rods are 50 degree Celsius and
75 degree Celsius. If thermal conductivity of material A is 20W/ m K,
calculate it for B.
a) 31.13W/m K
b) 41.13W/m K
c) 51.13W/m K
d) 61.13W/m K.
114. A copper steel rod (k = 55 W/m degree) has been attached to a plane
wall which is maintained at a temperature of 350 degree Celsius. The rod
is 8 cm long and has the cross-section of an equilateral triangle with each
side 5 mm. Determine the heat dissipation from the rod if it is exposed to
a convection environment at 25 degree Celsius with unit surface
conductance 100 W/m2 degree. Consider end surface loss to be negligible.
a) 10.26 W
b) 9.26 W
c) 8.26 W
d) 7.26 W.
115. For an infinitely long fin, the efficiency of fin is given by
a) 1/ml
b) 2/ml
c) 3/ml
d) 4/ml.
116. For a fin of finite length with an insulated end, the fin efficiency is
given as
a) tan h (ml)
b) tan (ml)/ml
c) tan h (m)/ml
d) tan h (ml)/ml.
117. For a straight rectangular fin of thickness δ and width b, choose the
correct option
a) P/AC = 1/ δ
b) P/AC = 2/ δ
c) P/AC = 3/ δ
d) P/AC = 4/ δ.
118. “Effectiveness of fin is the ratio of the fin heat dissipation with fin
to that of no fin”.
a) True
b) False.
119. Three fins of equal length and diameter but made of aluminium,
brass and cast iron is heated to 200 degree Celsius at one end. If the fins
dissipate heat to the surrounding air at 25 degree Celsius, the temperature
at the free end will be least in
a) Brass fin
b) Cast iron fin
c) Aluminium fin
d) Each fin will have the same temperature.
120. The following factors need consideration for the optimum design
of fins
(i) Cost
(ii) Space considerations
(iii) Weight considerations
Choose the correct option
a) i only
b) i and ii only
c) i, ii and iii
d) ii only.
121. The fins would be effective for heat conduction if the ratio P k/h
A C is
a) Greater than 5
b) Less than 5
c) Equal to 5
d) Varies between 2 to 9.
122. Consider the following statements pertaining to heat transfer
through fins
(i) They must be arranged at right angles to the direction of flow of
working fluid
(ii) The temperature along the fin is variable and accordingly heat transfer
rate varies along the fin elements
(iii) Fins are equally effective irrespective whether they are on the hot
side or cold side of the fluid
(iv) Fins are made of materials that have thermal conductivity higher than
that of wall
Identify the correct statements
a) iii and iv
b) i and iv
c) ii and iii
d) i and ii.
123. An increase in fin effectiveness is caused by a high value of
(i) Convective coefficient
(ii) Thermal conductivity
(iii) Circumference
(iv) Area
Identify the correct statement
a) i and iii
b) iii and iv
c) ii and iv
d) ii and iii.
124. Mark the false statement regarding effectiveness of fin
a) A high value of film coefficient adversely affects the fin effectiveness
b) Fin effectiveness is improved if the fin is made from a material of low conductivity
c) Fin effectiveness is improved by having thin fins
d) It can also be improved by having closely spaced fins.
125. The value of transmissivity may vary from
a) 0-1
b) 1-2
c) 3-4
d) 4-5.
126. Of the radiant energy 350W/m2 incident upon a surface 250W/m2 is
absorbed, 60W/m2 is reflected and the remainder is transmitted through the
surface. Workout the value for absorptivity for the surface material.
a) 0.113
b) 0.114
c) 0.115
d) 0.116.
127. Transmissivity can also be defined as a ratio of transmitted
radiation to that of incident energy flow.
a) True
b) False.
128. Radiant energy with an intensity of 800 W/m2 strikes a flat plate
normally. The absorptivity is twice the reflectivity and twice the
transmissivity. Determine the rate of transmission
a) 155.47 W/m2
b) 145.47 W/m2
c) 135.47 W/m2
d) 125.47 W/m2.
129. A body through which all the incident radiations passes, is called
a) Opaque body
b) Black body
c) Transparent body
d) White body.
130. Reflectivity is defined as
a) Fraction of total energy transmitted by the body
b) Fraction of energy reflected by the body
c) Fraction of total energy absorbed by the body
d) Fraction of total energy absorbed and radiated by the body.
131. Of the radiant energy 350W/m2 incident upon a surface
250W/m2 is absorbed, 60W/m2 is reflected and the remainder is
transmitted through the surface. Workout the value for reflectivity for the
surface material
a) 0.181
b) 0.171
c) 0.161
d) 0.151.
132. When a surface absorbs a certain fixed percentage of striking
radiation the surface is called
a) Grey body
b) Black body
c) White body
d) Opaque body.
133. Thin glass plate is an example of
a) Transparent body
b) Opaque body
c) Black body
d) White body.
134. Which one is true for an opaque body?
a) Transmissivity is zero
b) Reflectivity is zero
c) Absorptivity is zero
d) Reflectivity is unity.
135. For a grey surface
a) Reflectivity equals emissivity
b) Emissivity equals transmissivity
c) Absorptivity equals reflectivity
d) Emissivity is constant.
136. Absorptivity of a body is equal to its emissivity
a) Under thermal equilibrium conditions
b) For a polished surface
c) At one temperature
d) At shorter wavelengths.
137. Radiation heat transfer is characterized by
a) Due to bulk fluid motion, there is a transport of energy
b) Thermal energy transfer as vibrational energy in the lattice structure of the material
c) Movement of discrete packets of energy as electromagnetic waves
d) There is circulation of fluid by buoyancy effects.
138. Which is true regarding radiation?
a) Radiation travels only in medium
b) Radiation travels without any medium
c) Radiation travels in medium but sometimes without medium
d) Radiation travels in medium or without medium.
139. A perfectly black body
a) Absorbs all the incident radiation
b) Allow all the incident radiation to pass through it
c) Reflects all the incident radiation
d) Has its surface coated with lamp black or graphite.
140. Radiation emitted by a black surface is a function of wavelength
and temperature but is independent of direction.
a) True
b) False.
141. The energy emitted by a black surface should not vary in
accordance with
a) Wavelength
b) Temperature
c) Surface characteristics
d) Time.
142. The Stefan-Boltzmann constant has units of
a) kcal/m2 hr K4
b) kcal/m hr K4
c) kcal/hr K4
d) kcal/m2 K4.
143. According to Stefan-Boltzmann law of thermal radiation
a) q = α A T
b) q = α A T4
c) q = α A T3
d) q = α A T5.
144. If the emitted radiant energy is to be doubled, to what temperature
surface of black body needs to be raised? Take radiant flux density as
11631.7 W/m 2.
a) 894.4 K
b) 200.4 K
c) 800.3 K
d) 600.4 K.
145. How many types of fluid flow are characterized in the realms of
fluid mechanics?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4.
146. In which fluid flow, the motion of fluid particles is irregular?
a) Turbulent
b) Laminar
c) One dimensional
d) Two dimensional.
147. The value of convective coefficient of air in case of free convection
is
a) 3-7 W/m2 K
b) 3-4 W/m2 K
c) 8-9 W/m2 K
d) 9-9.5 W/m2 K.
148. The ratio of inertia force to viscous force is known as
a) Grashof number
b) Reynolds number
c) Fourier number
d) Nusselt number.
149. Conduction plus fluid flow in motion is known as
a) Radiation
b) Conduction
c) Convection
d) Heat exchanger.
150. Velocity within the given fields would be similar in magnitude,
direction, and turbulence pattern when
a) Nusselt number are different
b) Nusselt number are same
c) Reynolds number are different
d) Reynolds number are same.
151. Which of the following heat flow situations pertains to free or
natural convection?
a) Air conditioning installations and nuclear reactors
b) Flow of water inside the condenser tubes
c) Cooling of internal combustion engine
d) Cooling of billets in atmosphere.
152. Forced convection in a liquid bath is caused by
a) Intense stirring by an external agency
b) Molecular energy interactions
c) Density difference brought about by temperature gradients
d) Flow of electrons in a random fashion.
153. What is the value of convective coefficient of oil in case of forced
convection?
a) 1460-3000 W/m2 K
b) 460-3000 W/m2 K
c) 60-3000 W/m2 K
d) 160-3000 W/m2 K.
154. Which quantity signifies the ratio of temperature gradient at the
surface to a reference temperature gradient?
a) Reynolds number
b) Nusselt number
c) Fourier number
d) Stanton number.
155. The determination of a value of Nusselt number or the convective
film coefficient forms a basis for the computation of heat transfer by
convection. Towards that end, following approaches have been suggested
(i) Non-dimensional analysis and experimental correlations
(ii) Hydrodynamic concept of velocity boundary layer
(iii) Reynolds similarity between the mechanism of fluid friction in the
boundary layer and the transfer of heat by convection
Identify the correct one
a) i, ii and iii
b) i and ii
c) ii and iii
d) i and iii.
156. Nusselt number is given by
a) h l/k
b) 2 h l/k
c) 3 h l/k
d) 4 h l/k.
157. For a given value of Nusselt number, the convective surface
coefficient h is directly proportional to
a) Length
b) Mass
c) Thermal conductivity
d) Density.
158. The convection coefficients for boiling and condensation lie in the
range
a) 5000-12500 W/m 2 K
b) 2500-100000 W/m 2 K
c) 2500-5000 W/m 2 K
d) 2500-12500 W/m 2 K.
159. A region of fluid motion near a plate in which temperature gradient
exist is
a) Thermal boundary layer
b) Diathermia boundary layer
c) Turbulent flow
d) Laminar flow.
160. Thermo-physical properties of the fluid are represented by
(i) Density
(ii) Viscosity
(iii) Specific heat
(iv) Thermal conductivity
Identify the correct option
a) i and ii
b) i, ii, iii and iv
c) ii, iii and iv
d) i, ii and iii.
161. What is the value of Prandtl number for highly viscous oils?
a) 100-1000
b) 0-100
c) 10-100
d) 100-10000.
162. What is the value of Prandtl number for liquid metals?
a) 0.003-0.01
b) 0.01-0.1
c) 0.1-0.5
d) 0.5-0.95.
163. The product of buoyant force and inertia force to the square of the
viscous force is known as
a) Stanton number
b) Grashof number
c) Fourier number
d) Peclet number.
164. Which number indicates the relative ability of the fluid to diffuse
momentum and internal energy by molecular mechanisms?
a) Nusselt number
b) Prandtl number
c) Peclet number
d) Stanton number.
165. Which number establishes the relation between convective film
coefficient, thermal conductivity of the fluid and a significant length
parameter?
a) Nusselt number
b) Stanton number
c) Peclet number
d) Fourier number.