UNIX Programming Lab 07MCA28

MALNAD COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING

Department of Master of Computer

Applications

UNIX Programming Laboratory

(07MCA28)
LAB MANUAL

Master of Computer Applications - 2-

UNIX Programming Lab 07MCA28

INDEX

Sl.No Name of the Program Page

No.

1 a. Write a non-recursive shell script which accepts any number of arguments and 5
prints them in the reverse order (For example, if the script is named rags, then
executing rags A B C should produce C B A on the standard output).

b. Write a shell script that accepts two file names as arguments, checks if the 6
permissions for these files are identical and if the permissions are identical,
output common permissions and otherwise output each file name followed by
its permissions.

2 a. Write a shell script that takes a valid directory name as an argument and 7
recursively descend all the subdirectories, finds the maximum length of any file
in that hierarchy and writes this maximum value to the standard output.

b. Write a shell script that accepts a path name and creates all the components in 8
that path name as directories. For example, if the script is named mpc, then the
command mpc a/b/c/d should create directories a, a/b, a/b/c, a/b/c/d.

3 a. Write a shell script which accepts valid log- in names as arguments and prints 9
their corresponding home directories, if no arguments are specified, print a
suitable error message.

b. Write shell script to implement terminal locking (similar to the lock command). It 10
should prompt the user for a password. After accepting the password entered
by the user, it must prompt again for the matching password as confirmation
and if match occurs, it must lock the keyword until a matching password is
entered again by the user, Note that the script must be written to disregard
BREAK, control-D. No time limit need be implemented for the lock duration.

4 a. Create a script file called file-properties that reads a file name entered and 12
outputs it properties.

b. Write a shell script that accept one or more filenames as argument and convert 13
all of them to uppercase, provided they exist in current directory.

5 a. Write a shell script that displays all the links to a file specified as the first 14
argument to the script. The second argument, which is optional, can be used to
specify in which the search is to begin. If this second argument is not present,
the search is to begin in current working directory. In either case, the starting
directory as well as all its subdirectories at all levels must be searched. The
script need not include any error checking.

b. Write a shell script that accepts as filename as argument and display its 16
creation time if file exist and if it does not send output error message.

6 a. Write a shell script to display the calendar for current month with current date 17
replaced by * or ** depending on whether the date has one digit or two digits.

b. Write a shell script to find smallest of three numbers that are read from 18
keyboard.

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7 a. Write a shell script using expr command to read in a string and display a 19
suitable message if it does not have at least 10 characters.

b. Write a shell script to compute the sum of number passed to it as argument on 20

command line and display the result.

8 a. Write a shell script that compute gross salary of an employee, accordingly to 21

rule given below.
If basic salary is < 15000 then HRA=10% of basic 7 DA=90% of basic.
If basic salary is >=15000 then HRA=500 of basic & DA=98% of basic.

b. Write a shell script that delete all lines containing a specific word in one or 22
more file supplied as argument to it.

9 a. Write a shell script that gets executed displays the message either “Good 23
Morning” or “Good Afternoon” or “Good Evening” depending upon time at which
the user logs in.

b. Write a shell script that accept a list of filenames as its argument, count and 24
report occurrence of each word that is present in the first argument file on other
argument files.

10 a. Write a shell script that determine the period for which a specified user is 25
working on system.

b. Write a shell script that reports the logging in of a specified user within one 26
minute after he/she log in. The script automatically terminate if specified user
does not log in during a specified period of time.

11 a. Write a shell script that accepts two integers as its argument and compute the 27
value of first number raised to the power of second number.

b. Write a shell script that accept the file name, starting and ending line number 29
as an argument and display all the lines between the given line number.

12 a. Write a shell script that folds long lines into 40 columns. Thus any line that 30
exceeds 40 characters must be broken after 40th, a “\” is to be appended as
the indication of folding and the processing is to be continued with the residue.
The input is to be supplied through a text file created by the user.

b. Write an awk script that accepts date argument in the form of mm-dd-yy and 31
displays it in the form if day, month, and year. The script should check the
validity of the argument and in the case of error, display a suitable message.

13 a. Write an awk script to compute gross salary of an employee accordingly to rule 33

given below.
If basic salary is < 10000 then HRA=15% of basic & DA=45% of basic.
If basic salary is >=10000 then HRA=20% of basic & DA=50% of basic.

b. Write an awk script to find out total number of books sold in each discipline as 34
well as total book sold using associate array down table as given below.
i. Electrical 34

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UNIX Programming Lab 07MCA28

ii. Mechanical 67
iii. Electrical 80
iv. Computer Science 43
v. Mechanical 65
vi. Civil 198
vii. Computer Science 64

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1a. Write a non recursive shell script which accept any number of argument
and print them in the reverse order (ex:if the script is named rags then
executing rags A B C should produce C B A on the standard output)

if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
echo "NO ARGUMENTS"
else
for i in $*
do
echo $i >> temp
done
i=$#
while [ $i -ne 0 ]
do
head -$i temp | tail -1
i=`expr $i - 1`
done
fi

output-1

$sh 1a.sh a b c d
d
c
b
a

output-2

$sh 1a.sh
NO ARGUMENTS

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1b. Write a shell script that accept 2 filenames as arguments checks if the
permissions are identical and if the permissions are identical ,output
common permissions otherwise output each filename followed by its
permissions.

if [ $# -lt 1 -o $# -gt 2 ]
then
echo "INVALID ARGUMENTS"
else
if [ -e $1 -a -e $2 ]
then
x=`ls -l $1 | cut -d " " -f 1`
y=`ls -l $2 | cut -d " " -f 1`
if [ $x == $y ]
then
echo " PERMISION OF $1 AND $2 ARE EQULAL"
echo " THE COMMON PERMISSION IS ::: $x"
else
echo " PERMISSION ARE NOT SAME"
echo "$1 has : $x "
echo "$2 has : $y "
fi
else
echo " FILE DOES NOT EXIST"
fi
fi

output-1
$sh 1b.sh 1a.sh
INVALID ARGUMENTS

Output-2
$sh 1b.sh 1a.sh 2a.sh
Permissions of 1a.sh and 2a.sh are equal.
Common permission is : -rw-rw-r—

Output-3
$sh 1b.sh 1a.sh 2b.sh
Permission are not same
1a.sh has: -rw-rw-r--
1b.sh has: -rw-rwxr—x

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2a. Write a shell script that takes a valid directory name as an argument and
recursively descend all the subdirectories find its maximum length of any file
in that hierarchy and writes this maximum value to the second output.

if [ $# -lt 1 ]
then
echo "INVALID ARGUMENTS"
else
if [ -d $1 ]
then
ls -lR $1 | tr -s " " | sort -t " " -n -r -k 5 |
grep "^[^d]" | head -1 | cut -d " " -f 5,9
else
echo " DIRECTORY NOT EXIST"
fi
fi

output-1

$sh 2a.sh ragu

Directory not exist

Output-2

$sh 2a.sh hedge

983 file1.sh

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2b. Write a shell script that accepts a path name and creates all the
components in the path name as directories (ex:a/b/c/d should creates a
directory a, a/b,a/b/c,a/b/c/d.)

if [ $# -lt 1 ]
then
echo " NO ARGUMENTS"
else
echo $1 | tr "/" " " > temp
for i in $temp
do
mkdir $i
cd $i
done
echo "ALL DIRECTORY ARE CREATED"
fi

Output

$sh 2b.sh a/b/c/d

All the directories are created.

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3a. Write a shell script which accepts valid login name as arguments and
prints their corresponding home directories if no arguments are specified
print a suitable error massage .

if [ $# -lt 1 ]
then
echo "no arguments"
else
for i in $*
do
x=`cat /etc/passwd | cut -d ":" -f6 | grep -w "$i"`
if [ -z $x ]
then
echo "there is no user of the name "$i
else
echo "home directory of $i is "$x
fi
done
fi

Output-1

$sh 3a.sh mca246

There is no user of the name mca246

Output-2

$sh 3a.sh mca243

The home directory of mca243 is /home/mca243

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3b.Write a shell script to implement terminal locking (similar to the lock

commond) .it should prompt the user for the password .after accepting the
password entered by the user it must prompt again for the matching
password as confirmation and if match occurs it must lock the keyword until
a matching password is entered again by the user ,note that the script must
be written to disregard BREAK,control-D. No time limit need be implemented
for the lock duration.

echo "terminal locking"

echo "enter a passowrd"
stty -echo
read password1
stty echo
echo "re-enter the password"
stty -echo
read password2
stty echo
if [ $password1!=$password2 ]
echo "mismatch in password"
echo "terminal cannot be locked"
exit
fi
echo "terminal locked"
stty intr ^-
stty quit ^-
stty kill ^-
stty eof ^-
stty stop ^-
stty susp ^-
echo "enter the password to unlock the terminal"
stty -echo
read password3
if [ $password3!=$passowrd1 ]
then
stty echo
echo "incorrect password"
fi

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while [ $password3!=$passowrd1 ]
do
echo "enter the password to unlock the terminal"
stty -echo
read password3
if [ $password3!=$passowrd1 ]
then
stty echo
echo "incorrect password"
fi
done
stty echo
stty sane

Output1 : #password typed will not be visible

enter a password

re-enter the password

mismatch in password
terminal cannot be locked

Output2:
enter a password

re-enter the password

Terminal locked
Enter the password to unlock the terminal

Incorrect password

Enter the password to unlock the terminal

# terminal will be unlocked if password match

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4 a. Create a script file called file properties that reads a file name entered
and output its properties.

echo “enter filename”

read file
c=1
if [ -e $file ] #checks the existence of the file
then
for i in `ls –l $file | tr –s “ “`
# ‘tr –s “ “’ treats 2 or more spaces as a single space
do
case “$c” in #case condition starts
1) echo “file permission=” $i ;;
2) echo “link =” $i;;
3) echo “file owner =” $i;;
4) echo “file group=”$i ;;
5) echo “file size=” $i ;;
6) echo “file created month=” $i ;;
7) echo “file created date=” $i ;;
8) echo “last modified time=” $i ;;
9) echo “file name=” $i ;;
esac #end of case condition
c=`expr $c + 1`
done
else
echo “file does not exist”
fi

Output
$sh lab4a.sh
enter filename
lab8a.sh
file permission=-rw-r- -r- -
link=1
file owner=hegde
file group=hegde
file size =339
file created month=april
file created date=7
last modified time=05:19
file name=lab8a.sh

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4b. Write a shell script that accepts one or more file names as arguments
and converts all of them to uppercase ,provided they exist in current
directory.

if [ $# -lt 1 ]
then
echo "NO ARGUMENTS"
else
for i in $*
do
if [ ! -e $i ]
then
echo " FILE $i DOES NOT EXIST"
else
x=`echo $1 | tr '[a-z]' '[A-Z]'`
echo $i ::: $x
fi
done
fi

output

$sh 4b.sh 2a.sh 2b.sh 3a.sh

2A.SH
2B.SH
File 3a.sh does not exist

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5a. Write a shell script that displays all the links to a file specified as the first
argument to the script .the second argument which is optional .can be used
to specify in which the search is to begin .If this second argument is not
present, the search is to begin in current working directory. In either case
the starting directory as well as all the subdirectories at all levels must be
searched. the script need not check error massage.

touch rtemp
if [ $# -lt 1 ]
then
echo "no arguments"
else
s=`ls -l "$1" | tr -s " " | cut -d " " -f2`
if [ $s > 1 ]
then
echo "hard links are"
x=`ls -ilR $1 | cut -d " " -f1`
echo "inode=$x"
ls -ilR | grep "$x"
else
echo "no hard links"
fi
ls -ilR | grep "$1" > rtemp
z=`wc -l "rtemp"`
p=`echo "$z" | cut -d " " -f1`
if [ $p -gt 1 ]
then
echo "soft link are"
ls -ilR | grep "$1$"
else
echo "no soft link"
fi
fi
rm rtemp

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Output1:

$sh 5a.sh
No arguments

Output2:

$ sh 5a.sh 2b.sh

Hard links are

689144 -rw-rw-r—2 sunitha sunitha 221 Apr 9 10:30 2a.sh

689144 –rw-rw-r—2 sunitha sunitha 221 Apr 9 10:30 test2

No soft links

$ sh 5a.sh 2c.sh

No hard links

Soft links are

-rw-rw-r—1 sunitha sunitha 100 Apr 10 11:20 2a.sh
-rw-rw-r—1 sunitha sunitha 6 Apr 10 12:00 temp

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5b. Write a shell script that accepts as filename as argument and display its
creation time if file exist and if it does not send output error massage.

if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
echo "no arguments"
else
for i in $*
do
if [ ! -e $i ]
then
echo "file not exist"
else
ls -l $i | tr -s " " | cut -d " " -f7
fi
done
fi

output

$sh 5b.sh temp 1a.sh 2a.sh 3a.sh

9:45
8:15
9:15
File not exist

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6a. Write a shell script to display the calendar for current month with current
date replaced by * or ** depending on whether the date has one digit or two.

n=`date +%d`
cal >temp
if [ $n -lt 10 ]
then
sed s/"$n"/*/g temp
else
sed s/"$n"/**/g temp
fi

Output:

$sh 6a.sh

Su Mn Tu Wd Th Fr Sa
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 ** 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30 31

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6b. Write a shell script to find smallest of three numbers that are read from
keyboard.

echo “enter a value” # to print the massage

read a # to accept the value
echo “enter b value”
read b
echo “enter c value”
read c
if [ $a –lt $b ] #first ‘if’ statement starts
then
if [ $a –lt $c ] #second ‘if ‘ statement
then
echo “$a is smallest number”
else
echo “$c is smallest number”
fi # end of second ‘if’
else
if [ $b –lt $c ] # third ‘if’ statement
then
echo “$b is smallest number”
else
echo “$c is smallest number” # end of third ‘if’
fi
fi # end of first if

Output

enter a value
12
enter b value
13
enter c value
14
12 is the smallest number

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7a. Write a shell script using expr command to read in a string and display a
suitable message if it does not have at least 10 character.

if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
echo "no arguments"
else

x=`expr "$1" : '.*'`

if [ $x -ge 10 ]
then
echo "the string $1 contain more than 10 characters"
else
echo "the string $1 contain less than 10 character"
fi
fi

output-1

$sh 7a.sh malnad

The string malnad contain less than 10 character.

output-2

$sh 7a.sh malnadcollege

The string malnadcollege contain more than 10 characters.

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7b. write a shell script to compute the sum of numbers passed to it as

argument on command line display the result .

if [ $# -lt 2 ] #check the number of argument

then
echo “enter minimum two argument”
else
sum=0
for i in $* #for loop starts
do
sum=`expr $sum + $i` #to find the sum
done # for loop ends
echo “sum of $* is =” $sum
fi

Output1

$sh lab7b.sh
enter minimum two argument

Output2

$ sh lab7b.sh 2 4
sum of 2 4 is = 6

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8a. Write a shell script that compute gross salary of an employee accordingly
rule given below
if basic salary less than 15000 then
HRA= 10% of basic ; DA =90% of basic
If basic salary greater than or equal to 15000
HRA=5% of basic ; DA = 98% of basic

if [ $# -lt 1 ]
then
echo “no argument ”
else
bs=$1
gross=0
if [ $bs –lt 15000 ]
then
hra=`echo “scale=2 ; .1 * $bs “ | bc`
da=`echo “scale=2 ; .9 * $bs “ | bc`
else
hra=`echo “scale=2 ; .05 * $bs “ | bc`
da=`echo “scale=2 ; .98 * $bs “ | bc`
fi
gross=`echo “scale=2; $bs + $da + $hra” | bc`
echo “gross=” $gross
fi

Output

$sh lab8a.sh 12000v

gross=24000.00

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8b. Write a shell script that delete all lines containing a specific word in one
or more file supplied as argument to it.

if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
echo "no arguments"
else

echo "enter a deleting word or char"

read y
for i in $*
do
grep -v "$y" "$i" > temp
if [ $? -ne 0 ]
then
echo "pattern not found"
else
cp temp $i
rm temp
fi
done
fi

Output-1

$sh 8b.sh 2b.sh

Enter a deleting word or char
For
Pattern not found.

Output-2

$sh 8b.sh 2b.sh

Enter a deleting word or char
Echo
$

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9a. Write a shell script that gets executed displays the message either “good
morning” “good afternoon” “good evening” depend upon time at which user
logs in.

x=`who am i | tr -s " " | cut -d " " -f5`

#x=5
if [ $x -ge 05 -a $x -lt 12 ]
then
echo "good morning"
elif [ $x -ge 12 -a $x -lt 16 ]
then
echo "good after"
elif [ $x -ge 16 -a $x -le 21 ]
then
echo "good evening"
fi

Output

$sh 9a.sh
Good morning

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9b. write a shell script that accepts a list of file names as its argument ,count
and report occurrence of each word that is present in the first argument file
on other argument file.

if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
echo "no arguments"
else
tr " " "\n" < $1 > temp
shift
for i in $*
do
tr " " "\n" < $i > temp1
y=`wc -l < temp`
j=1
while [ $j -le $y ]
do
x=`head -n $j temp | tail -1`
c=`grep -c "$x" temp1`
echo $x $c
j=`expr $j + 1`
done
done
fi

Output

$sh 9a.sh hegde.sh ravi.sh

Raghu 2
Hary 1
Vinay 0

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10a. Shell script to display the period for which a given user has been
working in the system

/* In order to get the valid user names use the “who” command */

t1=`who | grep "$1" | tr -s " " | cut -d " " -f 5 | cut -d ":" -
f 1 `

t2=`who | grep "$1" | tr -s " " | cut -d " " -f 5 | cut -d ":" -f
2 `

t1=`expr $t1 \* 60 `

min1=`expr $t1 + $t2`

d1=`date +%H`

d2=`date +%M`

d1=`expr $d1 \* 60`

min2=`expr $d1 + $d2`

sub=`expr $min2 - $min1`

p=`expr $min2 - $min1`

p=`expr $p / 60`

p1=`expr $min2 - $min1`

p1=`expr $p1 % 60`

echo " The user $1 has been working since : $pr Hrs $pr1
minutes "

Output

$sh 10a.sh mca30

The user mca30 has been working since : 2 Hrs 30 minutes

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10 b. Write a shell script that reports the logging in of a specified user within
one minute after he/she login. The script automatically terminate if specified
user does not log in during a specified period of time.

/* In this program the maximum waiting time is 1 minute after

that it will terminate */

echo “ enter the login name of the user “

read name
period=0
until who| grep –w”$name 2> /dev/null /* search for the user
error are send to special file */
do
sleep 60
period=`expr $period + 1`
if [ $period –gt 1 ]
then
echo “ $name has not login since 1 minute “
exit
fi
done
echo “ $name has now logged in “

Output:

1) $sh 10b.sh
Enter the login name of the user
mca5
mca5 has now logged in

2) $sh 10b.sh
Enter the login name of the user
mca6
mca6 has not login since 1 minute

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11 a. Write a shell script that accepts two integers as its argument and
compute the value of first number raised to the power of second number.

if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
echo “not sufficient arguments”
else
x=$1
y=$2
if [ $y –eq 0 ]
then
prod=1
else
prod=1
I=1
if [ $y –le 0 ]
# if the power is less than 0 then this operation can be done
Then
y=`expr $y \* -1
while [ $i –le $y ]
do
prod=`expr prod \* $x`
i=`expr $i + 1`
done
echo “the $x to the power $y is=1/prod”
else
while [ $i -le $y ]
do
prod=`expr $prod \* $x`
i=`expr $i + 1`
done
echo “the $x to the power of $y= $prod”
fi
fi
fi

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Output:

1) $sh 11a.sh
no sufficient arguments

2) $sh 11a.sh 2 -2
2 raised to the power of -2 is .25

3) $sh 11a.sh 2 3
2 raised to the power of 3 is 8

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11b. write a shell script that accepts the file name, starting and ending line
number as an argument and display all the lines between the given line
number.

if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
echo “no arguments”
else
x=$1 ; y=$2 ; z=$3
if [ -e $x ]
then
if [ $y –lt $z ]
/* if the second argument is less than third argument then only
operation can be done */
then
head –n $z $x | tail +$y
else
echo “”$z” is greater than “$y” “
fi
else
echo “the file specified not exists”
fi
fi

Output:

1)$sh 11b.sh 11b.sh 1 4

if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
echo “no arguments”
else

2)$sh 11b.sh mce.sh

the file specified not exists

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12a. write a shell script that folds long lines into 40 columns. Thus any line
that exceeds 40 characters must be broken after 40 th,a “\” is to be
appended as the indication of folding and the processing is to be continued
with the residue. The input is to be supplied through a text file created by
the user.

/* for the purpose of easy execution we have taken limit as 10 not as 40 */

i=1
while [ $i –le `wc –l < temp` ]
do
x=`tail +$i temp | head -1`
l=`expr “$x” : ’.*’`
if [ $l –le 10 ]
#if the length of the line <=10 then send directly to output file #
then
echo $x >> temp1
else
while [ `expr “$x” : ‘.*’ ` -ne 0 ]
do
y=`echo $x | cut –c 1-10`
echo $y “\” >> temp1
x=`echo “$x” | cut –c 10-`
done
fi
i=`expr $i + 1`
done

Output:
first create a file called “temp” input some text now here let us type this department of
master of computer applications

1)$sh 12a.sh
department \
t of master \
of comput \
er applica \
tions \

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12b. Write a awk script that accepts date argument in the form of mm-dd-yy
and displays it in the form if day, month and year . The script should check
the validity of the argument and in the case of error display a suitable
message.

BEGIN { fs=”-“ }
{
printf “%d%d%d” ,$2, $1,$3
if ($1 >12 )
printf “not a vlaid month”
else
{
if ( $1==1 || $1==3 || $1==5 || $1==7 || $1==8 ||
$1==10 ||$1==12)
if($2 >31)
printf “invalid”
else
printf “valid”
}
else
if($1==4 || $1==6 || $1==9 || $1==11)
{
if($2<=30)
printf “valid”
else
printf “invalid”
}
else
{
if($3%4==0)
/* checking for february month (leap year condition also
checked here only) */
if($2<=29)
printf “valid”
else
printf “invlaid”
else

Master of Computer Applications - 32 -

UNIX Programming Lab 07MCA28

if($2<=28)
printf “valid”
else
printf “invalid”
}
}
END { }

OUTPUT:
1) $ echo “16-5-07” | awk –f 12b.awk
5 16 07
2) $ echo “2-23-09” | awk –f 12b.awk
Invalid date

Master of Computer Applications - 33 -

UNIX Programming Lab 07MCA28

13a. Write an awk script to find out total number of books sold in each
discipline as well as total book sold using associate array down table as given
below.

BEGIN { fs = “ “
printf “the student book details are” }

{
tot + = $2
books [$1] = books [$1] + $2 /* associative
arrays are used */
}
END {
printf “\n sub name \t no of books sold “
for (i in books)
printf “%s \t %d \n” , i , books[i]
printf “total books sold = %d “ , tot }

Ouput:

First create a file to give input

Cat > bookrack
Electrical 34
Mechanical 67
Electrical 80
Comp science 43
Mechanical 65
Civil 198
Comp science 64

$awk –f 13b.awk bookrack

Subname no of books sold
Electrical 114
Mechanical 132
Comp science 107
Civil 198
Total no of books sold = 551

Master of Computer Applications - 34 -

UNIX Programming Lab 07MCA28

13b. Write an awk script to compute gross salary of an employee accordingly

to rule given below
If basic salary <10000 then HRA = 15% of basic & DA = 45% of basic.
If basic salary >= 10000 then HRA = 20% of basic & DA = 50% of basic.

BEGIN{ fs=”|”
print “ gross salary of every employee “
printf “ empname\t designation \t basic \t hra \t da \t gross salary\n”
}
{
if ($5 < 10000) /* $5 contain the employee salary */

{
hra=$5 * 0.15
da= $5 * 0.45
}
else
{
hra=$5 * 0.2
da= $5 * 0.5
}
gs=hra+da+$5
printf “ %s%s\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\n”,$2,$3,$5,hra,da,gs
}
END{ }

Output : /* create a table first in the name of emp then after executing we get this
output */
$awk –f 14b.awk emp
Gross salary of every employee
Empname designation basic hra da gross
Ravi lecturer 19000 3800 9500 32300
Mohan peon 5000 750 2250 8000
Guru manager 45000 9000 22500 76500

Master of Computer Applications - 35 -