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Practice Questions Examples Chi Square Goodness of Fit Test

This document provides two practice questions about using chi-square goodness of fit tests. The first question involves analyzing dice roll frequencies to test if the dice lands on each number with equal probability. The second question involves analyzing nut mix frequencies to test if the mix has the desired nut proportions. The document also provides the step-by-step calculations and answers for each question.

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Julia Santos
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291 views4 pages

Practice Questions Examples Chi Square Goodness of Fit Test

This document provides two practice questions about using chi-square goodness of fit tests. The first question involves analyzing dice roll frequencies to test if the dice lands on each number with equal probability. The second question involves analyzing nut mix frequencies to test if the mix has the desired nut proportions. The document also provides the step-by-step calculations and answers for each question.

Uploaded by

Julia Santos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practice Questions

Practice questions: Chi-square goodness of fit test


Test your knowledge of the chi-square goodness of fit test with these practice questions.
You can find the answers and calculations here.

Questions

Question 1
After losing a board game, your friend believes she might have lost because of a problem
with your dice. To find out, she rolls your dice 60 times and obtains the following
frequencies:

Number Frequency

1 8

2 11

3 6

4 9

5 12

6 14

Should she reject the null hypothesis that the dice lands on each number with equal
probability (p1 = p2 = p3= p4 = p5= p6)?

a) She should reject the null hypothesis.


b) She should fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Question 2
You work at a nut factory and you’re in charge of quality control. The nut factory produces a
nut mix that’s supposed to be 50% peanuts, 30% cashews, and 20% almonds.

To check that the nut mix proportions are acceptable, you randomly sample 1000 nuts and
find the following frequencies:

Nut Frequency

Peanuts 621

Cashew 189
Practice Questions

Almonds 190

Should you reject the null hypothesis that the nut mix has the desired proportions of nuts?

a) I should reject the null hypothesis.


b) I should fail to reject the null hypothesis.
Practice Questions

Answers
Here you can find the answers to the practice questions.

Answer 1
Correct Answer = a - She should fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Step 1: Calculate the expected frequencies


Number Observed Expected

1 8 60 * (1/6) = 10

2 11 10

3 6 10

4 9 10

5 12 10

6 14 10

Step 2: Calculate chi-square


Phenotype Observed Expected O-E (O - E)2 (O - E)2 / E

1 8 10 -2 4 0.4

2 11 10 1 1 0.1

3 6 10 -4 16 1.6

4 9 10 -1 1 0.1

5 12 10 2 4 0.4

6 14 10 4 16 1.6

Χ2 = 0.4 + 0.1 + 1.6 + 0.1 + 0.4 + 1.6 = 4.2

Step 3: Find the critical chi-square value


Since there are six groups, there are five degrees of freedom.

For a test of significance at α = .05 and df = 5, the Χ2 critical value is 11.07.

Step 4: Compare the chi-square value to the critical value


Χ2 = 4.2
Critical value = 11.07

The Χ2 value is less than the critical value.

Step 5: Decide whether the reject the null hypothesis


The Χ2 value is greater than the critical value, so your friend should fail to reject the null
Practice Questions

hypothesis that the die lands on each number with equal probability. Based on the data,
there’s no reason to think there’s a problem with the dice.

Answer 2
Correct Answer = a - I should reject the null hypothesis.

Step 1: Calculate the expected frequencies


Nut Observed Expected

Peanuts 621 1000 * 0.5 = 500

Cashew 189 1000 * 0.3 = 300

Almonds 190 1000 * 0.2 = 200

Step 2: Calculate chi-square


Phenotype Observed Expected O-E (O - E)2 (O - E)2 / E

Peanuts 621 500 121 14 641 29.28

Cashew 189 300 -111 12 321 41.07

Almonds 190 200 -10 100 0.5

Χ2 = 29.28 + 41.07 + 0.5 = 70.85

Step 3: Find the critical chi-square value


Since there are three groups, there are two degrees of freedom.

For a test of significance at α = .05 and df = 2, the Χ2 critical value is 5.99.

Step 4: Compare the chi-square value to the critical value


Χ2 = 70.85
Critical value = 5.99

The Χ2 value is greater than the critical value.

Step 5: Decide whether the reject the null hypothesis


The Χ2 value is greater than the critical value, so you should reject the null hypothesis that
the nut mix has the desired proportions of nuts. The data suggests that there’s a problem
with the nut mix.

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