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Physics PNP Transistor

A PNP transistor consists of an N-type semiconductor layer sandwiched between two P-type semiconductor layers. When the emitter-base junction is forward biased, holes are pushed from the emitter into the base. This creates an emitter current. The remaining holes then travel to the collector, creating a collector current. A PNP transistor can be used as a switch to control current flow or to amplify electric signals by using a small input signal to control a larger output signal.

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192 views6 pages

Physics PNP Transistor

A PNP transistor consists of an N-type semiconductor layer sandwiched between two P-type semiconductor layers. When the emitter-base junction is forward biased, holes are pushed from the emitter into the base. This creates an emitter current. The remaining holes then travel to the collector, creating a collector current. A PNP transistor can be used as a switch to control current flow or to amplify electric signals by using a small input signal to control a larger output signal.

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Sentinel Plays
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PNP TRANSISTOR &

OPERATOERS
-> A transistor is a semiconductor device. It is
a basic component in a lot of electrical
circuits. Due to its ability toregulate the
voltage or the current flowing through the
circuit, it is used as a regulator or switch
component incircuits. It can be used for
controlling, amplifying or generating
electric signals. Most transistors are made
up ofP-type and N-type semiconductors. A PNP
transistor uses one layer of N-type
semiconductor and two layers of P-type
semiconductor.
PNP TRANSISTOR
-> As the name suggests, a PNP transistor has a layer of N-type
semiconductor sandwiched between two P-type
-> A PNP transistor as seen in the picture includes three terminals:
•EMITTER
•COLLECTOR
•BASE

-> EMITTER:- Emitter is the section that supplies the majority of


charge carriers. The emitter is always forwardbiased with respect to
the base. The emitter pushes the holes towards the base. Thus,
conventional current flows toward the base from the emitter.

-> COLLECTOR:- Collector region as the name suggests collects the


major portion of the charge. The collector-basejunction is always
reverse biased and lightly doped.
-> BASE:- The central section of the transistor is known as the base.
The base forms two circuits, the input circuitwith the emitter and
the output circuit with the collector. It acts as a gate controller
device.
CONTRUCTION OF PNP TRANSISTOR
The construction of a PNP transistor includes sandwiching a layer
of N-type semiconductors between two layersof P-type
semiconductors.The Emitter and Collector regions are heavily doped
compared to the Base regions. Therefore, the depletionregion at both
junctions penetrates towards the base region. The area of the Emitter
and Collector layer is morecompared to the base layer.In the N-type
semiconductor region of the base, a large number of free electrons are
available. However, as thewidth of the middle layer is very small and
lightly doped, significantly fewer free electrons are present in the
Baseregion.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF PNP TRANSISTOR
-> The positive terminal of the source is connected with the Emitter
terminal and the negative terminal is connectedwith the Base terminal.
Thus, the Emitter-Base junction is connected in forward bias. Similarly, the
positiveterminal of the second source is connected with the Base terminal
and the negative terminal is connected with theCollector terminal. Thus,
the Collector-Base junction is connected in reverse bias.
->Due to the type of bias the Emitter-Base depletion region is narrow and
the collector-base depletion region iswide.The Emitter-base junction is in
the forward bias, thus a very large number of holes from the emitter cross
thedepletion region and enter the Base but very few electrons enter in
Emitter from the base and recombine with theholes. The loss of holes in
the emitter should be equal to the number of electrons present in the
Base layer, but thenumber of electrons in the Base is very small because it
is a very lightly doped and thin region. Thus nearly all theholes cross the
depletion region and enter the Base region. Due to this movement of
electrons current isgenerated. This is the Emitter current (IE) and holes are
the majority of charge carriers in the Emitter current.The remaining holes
that do not recombine with electrons in the Base travel to the Collector.
The Collectorcurrent (IC) also flows due to the presence of holes.
USES OF PNP TRANSISTOR
-> The applications of the PNP transistor are:-
• They are used as switches.
• Used in circuits involved in heavy motors.
• In amplifying circuits.
• In robotic applications.
PNP OPERATORES
-> Emitter current is created when the emitter-base junction
is forward biased, the emitter pushes the holes towards the
base region. When electrons move into the N-type
semiconductor or base, they combine with the holes.
-> The base is lightly doped and is comparatively thin. Hence
only a few holes are combined with the electrons and the
remaining are moved towards the collector space charge
layer. This phenomenon generates the base current. The
current is carried by holes in p-n-p transistors.
-> A transistor can use a small signal applied between one
pair of its terminals to control a much larger signal at
another pair of terminals. This is called gain. It can produce
a stronger output signal, a voltage or current, which is
proportional to a weaker input signal and thus, it can act as
an amplifier.
-> Alternatively, it can be used to turn current on or off in a
circuit as an electrically controlled switch, where the
amount of current is determined by other circuit elements.

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