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    Circles For Class 10 PDF

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    sunil vishwakarma
    This document defines and describes different types of lines in relation to a circle: 1) Tangents, secants, and radii are defined and their properties explained, such as every point on a circle having a unique tangent and a secant cutting the circle at two points. 2) Theorems are stated about tangents, such as a tangent being perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact and two tangents from an external point being of equal length. 3) Additional interesting facts about circles and their properties are listed.

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    Circles For Class 10 PDF

    Uploaded by

    sunil vishwakarma
    50 views9 pages
    This document defines and describes different types of lines in relation to a circle: 1) Tangents, secants, and radii are defined and their properties explained, such as every point on a circle having a unique tangent and a secant cutting the circle at two points. 2) Theorems are stated about tangents, such as a tangent being perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact and two tangents from an external point being of equal length. 3) Additional interesting facts about circles and their properties are listed.

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    CLASS 10 CIRCLE THEORY

    Original Title

    Circles-for-Class-10-PDF.docx

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    This document defines and describes different types of lines in relation to a circle: 1) Tangents, secants, and radii are defined and their properties explained, such as every point on a circle having a unique tangent and a secant cutting the circle at two points. 2) Theorems are stated about tangents, such as a tangent being perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact and two tangents from an external point being of equal length. 3) Additional interesting facts about circles and their properties are listed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    50 views9 pages

    Circles For Class 10 PDF

    Uploaded by

    sunil vishwakarma
    This document defines and describes different types of lines in relation to a circle: 1) Tangents, secants, and radii are defined and their properties explained, such as every point on a circle having a unique tangent and a secant cutting the circle at two points. 2) Theorems are stated about tangents, such as a tangent being perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact and two tangents from an external point being of equal length. 3) Additional interesting facts about circles and their properties are listed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    Circles

    Introduction to Circles
    Circle and line in a plane
    For a circle and a line on a plane, there can be three possibilities.
    i) they can be non-intersecting
    ii) they can have a single common point: in this case, the line touches the circle.
    ii) they can have two common points: in this case, the line cuts the circle.

    (i) Non intersecting (ii) Touching (iii) Intersecting

    Tangent
    A tangent to a circle is a line that touches the circle at exactly one point. For every point
    on the circle, there is a unique tangent passing through it.
    Tangent

    Secant
    A secant to a circle is a line that has two points in common with the circle. It cuts the
    circle at two points, forming a chord of the circle.

    Secant
    Tangent as a special case of Secant

    Tangent as a special case of Secant

    The tangent to a circle can be seen as a special case of the secant when the two endpoints
    of its corresponding chord coincide.

    Two parallel tangents at most for a given secant


    For every given secant of a circle, there are exactly two tangents which are parallel to it
    and touch the circle at two diametrically opposite points.
    Parallel tangents

    Theorems

    Tangent perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact

    Theorem: The theorem states that “the tangent to the circle at any point is the
    perpendicular to the radius of the circle that passes through the point of contact”.
    Tangent and radius

    Here, O is the centre and OP⊥XY.

    The number of tangents drawn from a given point

    i) If the point is in an interior region of the circle, any line through that point will be a
    secant. So, no tangent can be drawn to a circle which passes through a point that lies
    inside it.

    No tangent can be drawn to a circle from a point inside it


    AB is a secant drawn through the point S
    ii) When a point of tangency lies on the circle, there is exactly one tangent to a circle
    that passes through it.

    A tangent passing through a point lying on the circle

    iii) When the point lies outside of the circle, there are accurately two tangents to a circle
    through it
    Tangents to a circle from an external point

    Length of a tangent
    The length of the tangent from the point (Say P) to the circle is defined as the segment of
    the tangent from the external point P to the point of tangency I with the circle. In this
    case, PI is the tangent length.
    Lengths of tangents drawn from an external point
    Theorem: Two tangents are of equal length when the tangent is drawn from an external
    point to a circle.

    Tangents to a circle from an external point


    PT1=PT2

    Thus, the two important theorems in Class 10 Maths Chapter 10 Circles are:
    Theorem 10.1: The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius
    through the point of contact.

    Theorem 10.2: The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are
    equal.

    Interesting facts about Circles and their properties are listed below:
    ● In two concentric circles, the chord of the larger circle, which touches the smaller
    circle, is bisected at the point of contact.

    ● The tangents drawn at the ends of a diameter of a circle are parallel.

    ● The perpendicular at the point of contact to the tangent to a circle passes through
    the centre.

    ● The angle between the two tangents drawn from an external point to a circle is
    supplementary to the angle subtended by the line segment joining the points of
    contact at the centre.

    ● The parallelogram circumscribing a circle is a rhombus.

    ● The opposite sides of a quadrilateral circumscribing a circle subtend supplementary


    angles at the centre of the circle.

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