Smart Sensor

Smart sensor
A smart sensor is a device that uses a transducer to gather particular data from a physical
environment to perform a predefined & programmed function on the particular type of
gathered data then it transmits the data through a networked connection.
The features of the smart sensor are; self-identification, digital sensor data, smart
calibration & compensation, multi-sensing capacity, sensor communication for
configuration of remote & remote monitoring, etc.
Smart Sensor Working Principle
Smart sensors work by capturing data from physical environments & changing their
physical properties like speed, temperature, pressure, mass, or presence of humans into
electrical signals.
These sensors include a Digital Motion Processor (DMP). DMP is one type of
microprocessor that allows the sensor to perform onboard processing of the smart
sensor data like filtering noise otherwise performing different kinds of signal
conditioning.
These sensors have 4 main functions measurement, configuration, verification &
communication.
Measurements are simply taken through detecting physical signals & changing them
into electrical signals. So this will help in monitoring and measuring things like
temperature, traffic, & industrial applications.
Configuration function is a significant feature as it allows the smart sensor to detect
position otherwise installation errors
The verification function has different uses like nonstop supervision of sensor behavior,
using a set of supervisory circuits or equipment executed within the sensor.
Smart Sensor Block Diagram
The block diagram of the smart sensor is shown below. This block diagram includes
different blocks like sensing unit, signal conditioning, analog to digital conversion,
application algorithms, local user interface, memory, and communication unit or
transceiver.
Sensing Unit
This unit detects the changes in physical parameters & generates electrical signals
equivalent to it. Signal
Conditioning Unit
The signal conditioning unit controls the signal to meet the necessities of next-level
operations without losing data.
Analog to Digital Converter
ADC converts the signal from analog to digital format & sends it to the microprocessor
Local User Interface
The local user interface or LUI is a panel-mounted device used to allow building
operators to monitor & control system equipment.
Application Algorithm
The signals from smart sensors reach here & process the received data based on the
application programs previously loaded here & generate output signals.
Memory
It is used to store media for saving received & processed data.
Communication Unit
The output signals from the application algorithm or microprocessor are transmitted to
the main station through the communication unit. This unit also gets command
requirements from the key station to execute specific tasks.
Advantages
The advantages of the smart sensor include the following.
These are small in size
These sensors are very easy to use, design & maintain
The performance level is higher
Speed of communication & reliability is higher due to the direct conversion with the
processor.
These sensors can perform self-calibration & self-assessments.
These sensors can notice issues like switch failures, open coils & sensor contamination.
These sensors optimize manufacturing processes easily that need changes.
They can store many systems’ data.
Disadvantages
The disadvantages of the smart sensor include the following.
Smart sensors’ reliability is one of the major drawbacks because if they are stolen or get
damaged then they can affect a lot of systems badly.
It needs both sensors & actuators.
Sensor calibration has to be managed by an external processor.
High complexity in wired smart sensors, so the cost is also very high
Applications
The applications of the smart sensor include the following.
These sensors play a key role in monitoring different industrial processes like data
collecting, measurement taking & transmitting the data to centralized cloud computing
platforms wherever data is collected & analyzed for different patterns. So, this collected
data can be simply monitored at any time by decision-makers.
Smart sensors are used mainly for monitoring & control mechanisms in different
environments like water level & food monitoring systems, smart grids, traffic
monitoring & control, environmental monitoring, conserving energy in artificial
lighting, monitoring of the remote system, and fault diagnostics of equipment, transport
& logistics, agriculture, telecommunications, industrial applications, animal tracking,
etc.

Smart Sensor

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