Vinu Seminar PDF
Vinu Seminar PDF
Vinu Seminar PDF
INTRODUCTION
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
solar panels are made quite differently. The manufacturing process of amorphous silicon
panels involves depositing silicon alloys in various layers. The solar cells made by this
process are far more efficient and can absorb a wider range of solar spectrum. This type of
panel manufacturing is now becoming very popular and is fast growing into an industry. The
material cost of such solar panels is also cheap. The solar cells made from this process have a
special ability to continue giving the same output even when the entire array of cells has
come under shade. This prevents the circuit from being breaking and thus maintains the same
energy output.
Photovoltaic Cell
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) cells generate electricity by
absorbing sunlight and using that light energy to create an electrical current. There are many
PV cells within a single solar panel, and the current created by all the cells together adds up
to enough electricity to help power your school, home, and businesses.
Similar to the cells in a battery, cells in a solar panel are designed to generate electricity;
except a battery's cells make electricity from chemicals and a solar panel's cells generate
electricity by capturing sunlight instead.
What is Photovoltaic?
The performance of a photovoltaic array is dependent upon sunlight. Climate (e.g., clouds,
fog) has a significant effect on the amount of solar energy received by a PV array and, in
turn, its performance. When the photons strike a solar cell, some are absorbed while others
are reflected. When the material absorbs sufficient photon energy, electrons within the solar
cell material dislodge from their atoms. The electrons migrate to the front surface of the solar
cell, which is manufactured to be more receptive to the free electrons. When many electrons,
each carrying a negative charge, travel toward the front surface of the cell, the resulting
imbalance of charge between the cell's front and back surfaces creates a voltage potential like
the negative and positive terminals of a battery. When the two surfaces are connected through
an external load, electricity flows.
Other types of thin film cells include copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) and cadmium
telluride (CdTe). These cell technologies offer higher efficiencies than amorphous silicon, but
contain rare and toxic elements including cadmium which requires extra precautions during
manufacture and eventual recycling.
BENEFITS
Low Cost: The Solar Mobile Charger is a cost-effective way to charge your devices.
With no additional electricity costs, you can save money on your energy bill.
Portable: The Solar Mobile Charger is small and lightweight, making it easy to take
with you wherever you go.
Durable: The Solar Mobile Charger is made of durable materials, making it a reliable
charging option for your devices.
Energy efficient: Solar chargers are powered by the sun, so they don't require any
extra energy from your device, making them more efficient than traditional chargers.
Versatile: Solar chargers are compatible with a variety of devices, so you can charge
your phone, tablet, laptop, or other device with the same charger.
APPLICATIONS
DESIGN
Use a rechargeable battery to store the energy generated by the solar panel.
Use a charge controller to regulate the energy flow from the solar panel to the
rechargeable battery.
Use a DC-DC converter to convert the battery voltage to the voltage of the device to
be charged.
Use a display to indicate the battery level, charging status, and other information.
Use appropriate insulation and protection for the components of the charger.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
COMPONENTS USED
Solar panel – 17V
LM317 voltage regulator
DC battery
Diode – 1n4007
Capacitor – 0.1uF
Schottky diode – 3A, 50V
Resistors – 220, 680 ohms
Pot – 2K
Connecting wires
HOW IT WORKS
Adjustable Voltage regulator has typical voltage drop of 2 V-2.5V. So Solar panel is selected
such that it has more voltage than the load. Here I am selecting 17v/5w solar panel.
Lead acid battery which is used here has specification of 12v/1.3Ah. In order to charge this
battery following are required.
Schottky diode is used to protect the LM317 and panel from reverse voltage generated by the
battery when it is not charging. Any 3 A diode can be used here.
Foldable Solar Mobile Charger: This type of charger utilizes the power of the sun to
charge your mobile device. It typically consists of a solar panel that can be folded up
and stored easily when not in use.
Solar Power Bank: This type of charger stores energy from the sun in a battery,
which can then be used to charge devices.
Solar Car Charger: This type of charger is designed specifically for use in an
automobile. It is typically connected to the vehicle’s cigarette lighter and can be used
to charge devices while on the go.
Portable Solar Charger: This type of charger is designed to be carried around and
used on the go. It typically consists of a solar panel and a small battery, which can be
used to charge devices away from an electrical outlet.
Pros:
Cons:
-Solar mobile chargers are not always reliable in bad weather conditions such as rain or fog.
-The charging capacity is limited and may not be suitable for larger devices.
-Solar mobile chargers are often more expensive than traditional wall chargers.
EXAMPLES FIGURES
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_phone_charger
[2] https://www.electronicshub.org/solar-battery-charger-circuit/
[3] https://go-green-solar-energy.com/
[4] https://www.solarschools.net/knowledge-bank/renewable-
energy/solar/how-a-pv-cell-works
[5] https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Types_of_photovoltaic_cel
ls
[6] International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science &
Technology (IJIRCST), ISSN: 2347-5552, Volume-2, Issue-4, July-2014,
Solar Mobile Chargers, Rohit kamble, Sameer Yerolkar, Dinesh Shirsath,
Bharat Kulkarni