Showel Trowse Uiter Strike-off Bar Vent Wire’ Draw Spike 2 el ed ao Rammer Slicks 12. SPRUE PIN: It is a tapered rod of wood or iron which is embedded in the sand and later withdrawn to produce a hole called runner through which the molten metal is poured into the mould. 13, BELLOW: It used to blow but the loose or unwanted sand from the surface and cavity of the mould, 14. RAPPING PLATE: An iron or brass.plate set in the face of a foundry pattem and provided with a hole in which to insert the rapping-bar, Ifa hole for the lifting-rod is also ‘provided, the plate is called a rapping-and-lifting plate, —_O ee Sprue Pin Bellow Rapping Plate 25oo (Tm —_—SGALGOTIAS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY GREATER NOIDA 15, MOULDING BOXES: The moulding boxes or flasks used in sand moulding are of two types: {a) Closed moulding boxes. {b) Open type of snap flasks. 16. LADLES: They are used to receive molten metal from the melting furnace and pour the same into the mould. Their size is designated by their metal holding capacity. CRUCIBLES: They are made of refractory material and are similar in shape to the ladles. They are used as metal melting pots. The raw material or charge is broken into small pieces and placed in them, They are then placed in crucible or pit furnaces which are coke fired. PATTERN MATERIALS 1, Wood 2. Iron 3. Aluminum; Brass; Zinc, ete. 4, Plaster 5. Plastic TYPES OF PATTERNS 1. Solid or single piece pattem 2. Two-piece or split pattern 3, Multi-piece pattern 4, Match plate pattern 5. Gated pattern 6. Skeleton pattern 7. Sweep pattern 8. Patter with loose pieces 9. Cope and drag pattern 10. Follow board pattem 11. Segmental pattern . 26& TECHNOLOGY 7. Core sand s.0ilsand 9, Molasses sand COMPOSITION OF GREEN SAND 1. Silica sand 75% 2. Coal dust 8% 3, Bentonite 12% 4, Water 5 to 6° PROPERTIES OF MOULDING SAND 1. Porosity and permeability 2. Refractoriness 3, Adhesiveness 4. Cohesiveness 5. Chemical resistance 6. Plasticity 7. Moisture MAIN CONSTITUENT OF MOULDING SAND ‘The principal constituents of moulding sand are 1, Silica sand 2. Binder 3. Additives 4, Water BINDER: The purpose of adding the binder to the moulding sand is to impart it ufficient strength & cohesiveness so to enable it to retain its shape after the mould has een rammed & the pattem withdrawn, However, it reduces permeability of the sand mold. The common binders used in foundry can be grouped as: 1. Organic binders 2. Inorganic binders BINDERS (ORGANIC) (INORGANIC) 1. Dextrin 1, Bentonite 2. Linseed oil 2, Kaolinite 3. Molasses 3. Limonite 4, Certain binders 4. Ball clay 5. Pitch 5. Fire clay 6. Resins, phenol formaldchydes 6. Fallers earth 28G GALGOTIAS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY REATER NOIDA ‘CORES: Core isa mass of sand that i put into the mould form holes and cavities in the Ching cores are prepared separately in core box. SMORIZONTAL CORE: Itis the most common and simple typeof core. It is assembled 2) te mould wit ts axis horizontal, I is supported in the moufdat its both ends, {VERTICAL CORE: Its quit simile to a horizonial core except that itis fied in the ould with its axis vertical, TVBALANCED CORE: It is used to produce blind holes along a horizontal axis in 2 ing. As a matter of fact i is nothing but a horizontal core with the exception that itis ‘SSpported only onc end the other end remaining free in the mould cavity. HANGING OR CIVER CORE: A core which hangs vertically in the mould and bas no tat is bottom is known as a hanging core. In such a case it is obvious thatthe ‘Sarre mould cavity will be contained in the drag only. CORE BOXES: A core box is a type of pattem used fore making cores. It is made of ‘00d, brass, aluminum or any suitable material, TYPE OF BOXES 1. Halfcore box. 2 Dump core box 3. Split core bos, 44. Right and left core box 5. Gangeore box GATING SYSTEM Gating SystemGALGOTIAS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY GREATER NOIDA EXPERIMENT - 5 im: To prepare a green sand mould with single piece pattern in Foundry Shop. ‘Tools & Equipment used: Pattem, Moulding boxes, Rammer, Trowel, Wood smother, grike off bar, Spruc pin, Draw spike, Lifter, Slicks, Bellow, Swab, Mallet, Vent wire, Fumace. Materials required: Well prepared moulding sand (green sand), Procedure 1. First of all a suitable flask is selected, large enough to accommodate the pattern and also allow some space around it for ramming of sand, 2. The large part is placed upside down on the moulding board. 3, The pattern is placed on the board inside the flask in such a position that space is left for gate cutting. 4. If in two parts, the lower part of the pattern is placed in the drag. 5. If facing sand is used, it placed all along the pattern surface to a suitable depth (25mm). 6, The drag is then filled with ordinary moulding sand and rammed properly. 7. The excess sand cut off to bring it in level with the edges of the flask. 8. A small amount of dry loose sand is sprinkled over the top surface and the drag tumed upside down, along with a bottom board placed over it, after venting. 9. The cope is then placed over the drag and the top part of the pattem (if it is in two parts) assembled in position, 10, Dry loose parting sand is then sprinkled over the entire surface of the drag and pattern, 14. Runner and riser are put in positions and supported vertically by putting a small amount of moulding sand around them, 12, The facing sand, if used, is again put around the pattern surface to the usual depth. 13. Excess sand is then cut off, runner and riser pins removed, venting performed, pouring basin formed and dry sand sprinkled on the top surface. 14. A bottom board is placed over the cope and the latter rolled aver. 15, The pattera parts are then removed from both the drag and cope. 16, Repair if any are made and gate cut. Precautions 1, Ramming of filled sand should be proper and uniform throughout surface of drag and cope. 2, Place the pattem in the drag properly. 3. Make the gate properly with broadening at the gate point, 4. The cope and drag should fit properly. 5. Take out the pattern carefully causing minimum damage. 6. Molten metal should be poured in to the mould cavity carefully, to avoid any accident. 7. The riser should be filled completely. 8. Do not touch casting immediately after from the sand mould. 30ya (Fa GALGOTIAS COLLEGE OF ENC aw 3 LEGE OF ENGINEERING p GreaTEnNota oS Result ee The ree sad mould with given single piece pattem has been prepared. repared. viva Voice Questions 1 What is casting? How pattem is different from cast x What are gating elements? ‘some names of foundry tools with their i Gresoneame fey nih eins DRAWING OF CASTING PATTERN