Earth and Life Science NAME: ______________________________________________

Quarter 2 – Module 29:

The Process of Evolution
What I Know
Directions. Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. The Greek word phylon from the word phylogeny means __________________.
A. ancestor B. branch C. origin D. tribe
2. The Greek word genesis means ____________________.
A. ancestor B. branch C. origin D. tribe
3. Diagram that traces evolutionary relationships and connections among organisms
A. evolution B. family tree C. lineages tree D. phylogenetic tree
4. Lineages that evolved early from the root and remain unbranched
A. basal taxon B. branch point C. root D. sister taxa
5. The point where split takes place
A. basal taxon B. branch point C. polytomy D. sister taxa
6. Branch with more than two lineages
A. basal taxon B. branch point C. polytomy D. sister taxa
7. Point of two lineages stem from the same branch
A. basal taxon B. branch point C. root D. sister taxa
8. Indicates that an ancestral lineage gave rise to all organisms on the tree
A. basal taxon B. branch point C. root D. sister taxa

9. Monophyletic group is also called _________________.

A. clade B. domain C. genus D. taxa

10. Group which shows similar traits that is different from the other descendants of a common ancestor
A. monophyletic B. paraphyletic C. polyphyletic D. polytomy
11. Indicates more than two immediate descendants
A. monophyletic B. paraphyletic C. polyphyletic D. polytomy

12. A group of organisms that does not include recent common ancestors, and does not share characteristics with the
original common ancestor.
A. monophyletic B. paraphyletic C. polyphyletic D. polytomy
13. Refers to a group of organisms whose most recent ancestors descended from two or more ancient common ancestors.
A. monophyletic B. paraphyletic C. polyphyletic D. polytomy

For numbers 14 -15. Analyze the structure of phylogenetic tree.

14. What letter represents the root?

A. A B. I C. J D. K
15. B and C are _________________.
A. branch point C. sister taxa
B. node D. polytomy

Activity 1.
Match the picture with each type of evidence. Choose from the word bank below the pictures. Write your
answer on the space provided below each item.
1. 3. 5.

3. 4.

_______________________ _______________________ ______________________

2. 4. 6.

_______________________ _______________________ _______________________

 analogous structure molecular evidence fossil
Act embryology vestigial structure homologous structure ivity
2.
Label the parts of a rooted phylogenetic tree based on the given description.

1.

2.

3.

5. 4.

Structure of Rooted Phylogenetic tree

branch point the point where split occurs
basal taxon lineage that evolved early from the root and remains
unbranched
sister taxa point of two lineages stem from the same branch

polytomy branch with more than two lineages

Root Indicates that an ancestral lineage gave rise to all
organisms on the tree

Activity 3.
Identify what group of evolutionary tree is illustrated below.

1.

_____________________________ 2. _________________________________

3.
____________________________ 4. ____________________________

Activity 4.
Analyze the phylogenetic tree. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.

1. The root of the tree is represented by letter ______________.

2. ____________ shows common ancestor of B and C.
3. A to E represents the ________________________.
4. B and C are ____________________.
5. Which is more likely close related? A and C or C and D?

What I Have Learned

Activity 5.

Complete the sentences.

(1) __________________ are remains of organisms and were grouped to be used as evidence and basis
for further classification of living things. The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called (2)
__________________ from the Greek word phylon which means “tribe” and genesis which means “origin”.
A (3) ____________________ can be read like a map of evolutionary history. Rooted phylogenetic trees have
single lineage at the base representing a common ancestor. Structures of phylogenetic tree are tip or terminal
node, basal taxon, sister taxa, polytomy and root. (4)___________________ is the point where split occurs.
Lineage that evolved early from the root and remains unbranched is called (5) __________________________. A
branch with more lineages is polytomy while the (6) ____________________ shows that ancestral lineage which
gave rise to all organisms on the tree.
The four groups of evolutionary tree are monophyletic, paraphyletic, polyphyletic and soft polytomy. (7)
______________ group is also called clade which shows a common ancestor and all their descendants. (8)
_______________ group refers to one recent common ancestor but not all descendent are included, as they have
different characteristics from the other descendants. (9) ______________ group does not include recent common
ancestors as the organisms are only related from the ancient ancestor. (10) __________________ indicates that
the branching is unknown or there is insufficient information on the genetic divergence.

What I Can Do
Activity 6. Complete the phylogenetic tree. Choose the corresponding organism from the word bank.

Alligator Beavers Dolphin Tuna

Frog Gorilla Tyrannosaurus

ASSESSMENT
Directions. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter before each number.
1. Lineages that evolved early from the root and remain unbranched
a. basal taxon b. branch point c. root d. sister taxa

2. The point where split takes place

a. basal taxon b. branch point c. polytomy d. sister taxa

3. Indicates that an ancestral lineage gave rise to all organisms on the tree
a. basal taxon b. branch point c. root d. sister taxa

4. Monophyletic group is also called _________________.

a. clade b. domain c. genus d. taxa

5. Branch with more than two lineages

a. basal taxon b. branch point c. polytomy d. sister taxa

6. Point of two lineages stem from the same branch

a. basal taxon b. branch point c. root d. sister taxa

7. Greek word phylon from the word phylogeny means ______________________.

a. ancestor b. branch c. origin d. tribe

8. Greek word genesis from the word phylogeny means ____________________.

a. ancestor b. branch c. origin d. tribe

9. Diagram that traces evolutionary relationships and connections among organisms

a. evolution b. family tree c. lineages tree d. phylogenetic tree

For numbers 10 -11. Analyze the structure of phylogenetic tree.

10. Letter K represents _______________?

a. branch point b. node c. sister taxa d. root

11. D and E are _________________.

a. branch point b. node c. sister taxa d. root

12. Group of organisms that share ancient ancestors but not most recent ancestors.
a. monophyletic b. paraphyletic c. polyphyletic d. polytomy

13. Indicates more than two immediate descendants

a. monophyletic b. paraphyletic c. polyphyletic d. polytomy

14. Group of organisms with a most recent common ancestor, but not other descendants of the recent ancestor
a. monophyletic b. paraphyletic c. polyphyletic d. polytomy

15. Indicates recent common ancestor and all the descendants of the recent common ancestor
a. monophyletic
b. paraphyletic
c. polyphyletic
d. polytomy