Modalsand Semi

Modals
(Modal Verbs)
 What are They ?
shal ma might
l shoul y
wil ca
d n
l coul
woul
mus d
ought d
t have got to
to have to

We use Modal verbs to talk about an ability/a duty/ a need /a

necessity/wanting
‫ יכולת‬,‫ הכרח‬,‫ צורך‬,‫חובה‬,‫פעלים אלו מבטאים רצון‬...
Modals
What is special about them?

Modal verbs behave very

differently from normal verbs.
Here are some important
differences:
‫פעלים אלו "מתנהגים" באופן שונה מפעלים אחרים‬.
‫בהמשך יוצגו מספר הבדלים חשובים‬:
How?
1. Modal verbs are always followed by a verb in its
base form.
form
EXAMPLES:
He can speak Chinese.
Compare: I speak Chinese.
He speaks Chinese
You may take the book to school.
She may take the book to school.
Compare: You take the books to school.
She takes the books to school.
‫ יופיע תמיד פועל בצורת המקור שלו‬,‫לאחר פעלים אלה‬.
2. Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third
person in the present simple.

EXAMPLES:
He speaks Chinese.
He can  speak Chinese. (NOT- He cans speak…)
She eats a sandwich at 9:30
She may eat a sandwich at 9:30.

‫ יופיע תמיד פועל בצורת המקור שלו‬,‫לאחר פעלים אלה‬.

‫ לא תתווסף‬,‫ לשניהם‬S ‫בגוף שלישי יחיד‬.
How?
3. You use "not" to modal verbs negative,
even in Simple Present and Simple Past.
(We don’t use the helping verb “do”)
EXAMPLES:He should not be late.They
might not come to the party.
Compare: I don’t like to be late.
I cannot eat any more cakes.
I don’t eat carrot cakes.

‫ נשתמש ב‬,‫כדי ליצור את צורת השלילה של פעלים אלה‬- not

‫ ללא פועל העזר‬do.
How
?

4. Many modal verbs cannot be used in

the past tenses or the future tenses.
‫ לא ניתן להשתמש בעבר או בעתיד‬,‫ברוב הפעלים האלה‬.
EXAMPLES:
He will can go with us.  WRONG
She must studied very hard. WRONG
 Modal Verbs and their
substitutes
Many modal verbs cannot be used in all of
the English tenses. That's why we need to
know their meaning and the substitute for
these modal verbs.

‫כיוון שחלק מפעלים אלה אינם ניתנים לשימוש‬

‫אפשר‬/‫ עלינו להבין במה צריך‬,‫בכל הזמנים‬
‫להחליף אותם‬.
 will- will not - won’t

We use this modal to speak about

future actions that we are sure/
convinced about.

‫משתמשים בפעלים אלה כדי לדבר על‬

‫משוכנעים‬/‫פעולות שאנו בטוחים‬
‫שתתרחשנה בעתיד‬.
 will- will not(=won’t)
Today is Tuesday. Tomorrow
will be Wednesday.
= I know it because this is a known
fact.

We will not be in the office

tomorrow.
= I know it because he is going on
vacation.
 Can – Could –Be able to

We use these modals to express:

General ability/ disability
possibility / impossibility
opportunity
‫משתמשים בפעלים אלה‬
Permission ‫לבטא‬:
request ‫ חוסר יכולת‬/‫יכולת‬
‫הזדמנות‬
‫ בקשת רשות‬/ ‫רשות‬
 Can

I can walk.
= I have the general ability to dothe
action of walking.

I can’t hear you, it is too noisy.

=I don’t have the ability to hear what
you are saying because of the noise.
 Can
I have some free time. I can help
her now.
=I have the opportunity to help her.

I can't help her  now because I

don't have any time.
=I don’t have the opportunity to help
her.
 Can Could
In the past, can changes to could.

He could speak only Hebrew whenhe

was a kid. He couldn’t speak tohis
neighbor who speaks only English.
(General ability)
Practice time-can/could
 ‫‪may‬‬
‫‪=future possibility/get permission‬‬

‫‪:‬משתמשים בפועל זה לבטא‬

‫סיכוי‬
‫יכולת עתידית‬
‫בקשת רשות‬
 may
I may choose to wear the red dress
to the party.
=I have two dresses. There is a chance that I
will choose to wear the red dress and not the
blue one.
‫סיכוי‬
‫יכולת עתידית‬
Today, he may come on time.
=Although usually he comes late,
There is a possibility that today he will come
on time.
 may
May I come to visit you at 5 o’clock?
=I want to come to you but I’m not sure that
you want me to come/that you will be at
home/that you will let me enter .

You may take only one candy.

‫ מתן רשות‬/ ‫בקשת רשות‬

=Although there are more candies, I permit

you to take only one of them!
 ‫‪might‬‬
‫‪=possibility‬‬

‫‪:‬משתמשים בפועל זה לבטא‬

‫אפשרות (בדרך כלל למשהו‬
‫שלילי)‬
 might
We may come on time, but if you
miss the bus, we might be late.
=I plan to come on time and this is why I I
want to catch the 7:15 bus.
If I catch the 7:30 bus, I can come on time
or not, I’m not sure.

If you advertise on the Internet you

might get a lot of spam to your e-
mail box.
=Although you don’t want to get spam,
there’s a risk that you will get it.
 ‫‪should‬‬
‫‪= advice or a strong suggestion.‬‬

‫משתמשים בפועל זה כדי לתת עצה‪,‬‬

‫לעיתים "המלצה שאי אפשר לסרב‬
‫"לה‬
If you want to be a champion you
should practice every day.
=You don’t have to practice but then, you will
not get better.

When you make a cheese cake, you

should first check that you have
cheese.
-or else, it will not be a cheese cake
 must - mustn’t
Must – very strong advice/ obligation
Mustn't – things you're not allowed to
do.‫אסור‬

‫משתמשים בפעלים אלה כדי‬:

‫לתת עצה או "המלצה שאי אפשר לסרב‬
‫"לה‬
‫לבטא חובה‬
She is sick. She has high fever. She
must take a pill.
= very strong advice/ obligation

You mustn’t ride your bike without a

helmet!
= you're not allowed to do.(‫)אסור‬
Semi modals
have to - has to had to – will
have to
= it is necessary
=shows obligation and giving advice.
have to/has to –in the present/near future
had to –in the past
will have to –in the future
I have to clean my room.
(My mother forces me to do it.)
She has to finish the test before the
bell rings.
(After the bell rings, you can’t go on
answering the questions.)
Gail Devers had to take radiation
therapy for her decease.
(…to get well.)
At the end of the 8th grade we will
have to leave our school.
(…and go to high school.)
 don’t have to doesn’t
have to

Don't have to / Doesn't have to

= it isn't necessary

Practice time-have/has to
Ought to – be supposed to –
be allowed to
Ought to =‫חייב‬
be supposed to= we expect him/her
to
be allowed to = permission someone
will let/permit him do it.
That’s a great movie. You ought to see it!
(or You must see it.)
The teacher is supposed to base the
grades on the tests and assignments.
On Friday, the students in our school don’t
have to wear the school uniform. They are
allowed to wear any color they want. (They
are permitted to / They can even wear a pink
shirt with yellow stripes.)
 (be) able to
be able to show an ability.
-I don’t know when I will be ready. I
will be able to give you an answer
later.
-Is he able to do it? Yes, he knows
how to do it and has time to do it.
(=Can he do it?)
negative contractions (short
form)

http://www.english-zone.com/spelling/cont-02.html
 Modal Verbs and their
substitutes
Many modal verbs cannot be used in all of
the English tenses. That's why we need to
know their meaning and the substitute for
these modal verbs.

‫כיוון שחלק מפעלים אלה אינם ניתנים לשימוש‬

‫אפשר‬/‫ עלינו להבין במה צריך‬,‫בכל הזמנים‬
‫להחליף אותם‬.
 Practice time
Exercise on modal verbs and their substitutes
Exercise - modal verb or substitute

Exercise on 'must not' and 'need not' (for soccer fans)

http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-1/exercise-english-
476.php
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-1/exercise-english-
443.php
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/auxiliary-verbs/exercises
http://www.agendaweb.org/verb/modals.html