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Physics Investigatory Project (Electronic Eye Security System)

This document describes an electronic eye security system created by three students. The system uses an LDR light sensor to detect when a person is present at an entrance. When the LDR is in darkness, a buzzer will ring and an LED will light, alerting of the person's presence. The circuit uses common electronic components like resistors, capacitors, transistors, a diode, and a voltage regulator. It works by using the LDR in a voltage divider to produce a logic high or low output depending on the light level, which then controls the buzzer and LED. The aim was to create a simple home security application using an LDR as the main sensor.

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nabiha khan
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120 views3 pages

Physics Investigatory Project (Electronic Eye Security System)

This document describes an electronic eye security system created by three students. The system uses an LDR light sensor to detect when a person is present at an entrance. When the LDR is in darkness, a buzzer will ring and an LED will light, alerting of the person's presence. The circuit uses common electronic components like resistors, capacitors, transistors, a diode, and a voltage regulator. It works by using the LDR in a voltage divider to produce a logic high or low output depending on the light level, which then controls the buzzer and LED. The aim was to create a simple home security application using an LDR as the main sensor.

Uploaded by

nabiha khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics investigatory project (Synopsis)

Electronic eye security system

Group members
Niharika Verma – 44
Sidra Khan – 61
Yja – 72

AIM:
Creating a simple Home Security application called Electronic Eye Controlled Security System
using LDR as the main sensor and a few other components.
MAIN PRINCIPLE:
The main principle of the circuit is to ring the door bell when there is any person at the
entrance. In order to detect a person, an LDR is used as the sensor. Light on the LDR
determines whether a person is present or not. When there is any object at the entrance,
LDR is in dark and buzzer starts ringing and the LED starts glowing.
MATERIALS REQUIRED:
7805 Regulator
Resistors – 220Ω x 2, 1KΩ x 2, 100KΩ
1N4007 PN Diode
Capacitors – 1µF, 10µF
Transistors – BC 547 x 2
Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
Buzzer
LED
Bread board
Connecting wires
9V battery
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
D1: diode
C1, C2: capacitor
R1, R2, R3, R4: resistors
Q1, Q2: transistors
U1: regulator
WORKING/ CONSTRUCTION:
Initially, connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram on a bread board. Now connect
the supply voltage of 9V using a battery. Place the Light Dependent Resistor in light. You can
observe no sound is produced from the buzzer. Place the LDR in dark and the buzzer starts
making sound. Also, the LED connected to the buzzer will be turned ON. As the intensity
falling on the LDR increases sound produced by the buzzer increases.
This circuit can be divided into two parts. One is the power supply and the other is the logic
circuit. In the power supply circuit, a 9V supply from a battery is converted to the 5V. The
logic circuit operates the buzzer and an LED when any shadow falls on the LDR. Power
supply circuit consists of battery, diode, regulator and capacitors. Initially a 9V battery is
connected to the diode. A regulator is used for regulating the output voltage of the circuit.
The regulator IC used here is 7805. 78 represents the series and 05 represents the output
voltage. Thus, a voltage of 5V is produced at the output of the regulator. Two capacitors are
used before and after the regulator. These two capacitors eliminate the ripples. Thus a
constant voltage is produced at the output of the regulator, which is applied to the logic
circuit. 100KΩ resistor is connected in series to the LDR in a voltage divider fashion. Light
dependent resistor will have resistance in mega ohms when it is placed in the dark. This
resistance value will decrease gradually when it is placed in the light. Thus, there is a
variation in the series resistances. When the LDR is in dark it has high resistance and
produces the logic high value at the output. When the LDR is in light, the resistance value of
the LDR decreases and at the output it gives logic low voltage. The output of the voltage
divider is fed to a transistor which inverts the input from the LDR. The second transistor
drives the buzzer. The diode is placed for protection. LED is used for indication only. When
the output from first transistor is high, the buzzer starts ringing. Led is also turned on.

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