TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE PRIMARY GRADES

CHAPTER 1: LESSON 1 – PLACE VALUE

CHAPTER 1: LESSON 2 – ADDITION OF WHOLE NUMBERS
CHAPTER 1: LESSON 3 – SUBTRACTION OF WHOLE NUMBERS

POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE OF BOTOLAN

BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES
 Lesson Outcome:
CHAPTER 1: WHOLE NUMBER At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
• Identify the place value of a digit in the numeral;
PLACE VALUE • Read and write numbers through 9 000 in
symbols and in words; and
• Solve word problems involving place value.

By the end of the 7th century, decimal numbers begin to appear in

inscriptions in Southeast Asia as well as India. Some scholars hold that they
appeared even earlier. A 6th century copper-plate grant at Mankani bearing the
numeral 346 (corresponding to 594 CE) is often cited. But its reliability is subject
to dispute. The first indisputable occurrence of zero (0) in an inscription occurs
at Gwalior in 876 CE, containing a numeral “270” in a notation surprisingly
similar to ours.

Our numeration system is called Hindu-Arabic or Decimal System. Unlike other numeration systems such as the
Roman Numeration, Hindu-Arabic system uses pace value which makes it easier to read numbers. Let us take a look at the
following place value chart.
PLACE VALUE CHART
THOUSANDS HUNDREDS TENS ONES
1000 100 10 1

In a four-digit number, the place value of each digit from left to right are: thousands, hundreds, tens and ones.
The place value chart below shows the number 4 728. How do we read this number?
PLACE VALUE CHART
Place Value in Word THOUSANDS HUNDREDS TENS ONES
Place Value in Figures 1000 100 10 1
Given Number 4 7 2 8
The number 4 728 is read as “four thousand, seven hundred twenty-eight”.

The table below shows the place value and value of each digit in the number 4 728. Observe that the value is simply
the product of the digit and its place value.
Digit Place Value Value
word figure
8 Ones 1 8x1=8
2 Tens 10 2 x 10 = 20
7 Hundreds 100 7 x 100 = 700
4 Thousands 1000 4 x 1000 = 4 000

One way of making students visualize place value is by

using blocks such as ones below. The number represented
by the blocks is 9 hundred, 9 tens and 6 ones or 900 + 90 +
6 which is equal to 996.

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• The place value in a 4-digit number are thousands, hundreds, tens and ones.
• The value of each in a numeral is the digit multiplied by its place value.

A. Give the place value and value of the digit 8 in each numeral.
Number Place Value Value
1. 485
2. 825
3. 8 032
4. 7 908
5. 1 873

B. Write the following in words.

1. 461 ____________________________________________________________________
2. 809 ____________________________________________________________________
3. 4 045 ____________________________________________________________________
4. 7 420 ____________________________________________________________________
5. 3 004 ____________________________________________________________________

C. Write the following in symbols.

_________________1. Five hundred eight
_________________2. Two hundred forty-six
_________________3. Three thousand, eight hundred seventy
_________________4. Six thousand, two

D. Answer the following.

_________________1. What is the digit with the biggest value in 1 459?
_________________2. What is the sum of the digits in the tens and thousands place in the number 9 087?
_________________3. What is the sum of the values of the digits in the ones and hundreds place in the numeral
9 837?
_________________4. Which digit has the smallest value in the numeral1 089?
_________________5. I am a three-digit number. My tens digit is 3 more than my one’s digit. My hundreds digit
is an odd number less than 3. What number am I?

Find all possible numbers that satisfy the following conditions:

• The number has three digits
• The ones digit is twice the hundreds digit.
• The tens digit is one more than the ones digit.

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 Lesson Outcomes:
CHAPTER 1: WHOLE NUMBER At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

• divide3- to 4-digit numbers by 1- to -2digit

ADDITION OF numbers with or without remainder; and
WHOLE • solve word problems involving division of 3-
NUMBERS to 4-digit numbers by 1- to 2digit numbers.

According to news update published on CNN Philippines, the latest

finding registered a total of 534 new islands in the Philippines which is more
than the 400 previously announced. From just 7 107 the Philippines now has
a total of 7 641 islands.

Originally, the Philippines has a total of 7 107 islands. Lately, 534 new islands are added which makes our total number
of islands as 7 641.

In addition sentence 7 107 + 534 = 7 641, 7 107 and 534 are called addends while 7 641 is called sum . Addends are
the numbers being added while sum is the result in addition.

Addition is the process of putting two or more numbers or things together. For instance, let us illustrate the following:
3 mangoes added by 4 mangoes total 7 mangoes.

+ =
The illustration above clearly shows that to find the total number of mangoes, we can simply count them from left
to right. The addition sentence would be 4 + 3 = 7.

Another way to illustrate addition is through block model which is shown below

4 3

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Properties of Addition
1. Commutative Property of Addition (CPA)
You learned above that 4 + 3 = 7. What would be the answer if we change the order of the addends into 3
+ 4?
3 4

It shows that 4 + 3 = 7. This is called Commutative Property of Addition. It says that the order of the
addends does not affect the sum.

2. Associative Property of Addition (APA)

It says that changing the grouping of the addends does not affect the sum. For example, the sum of (8 + 7)
+ 2 is equal to the sum of 8 + (7 + 2).
(8 + 7) + 2 = 8 + (7 + 2)
15 + 2 = 8 + 9
17 = 17
3. Identity Property of Addition (IPA)
The Identity Property states that the sum of a number and zero is the same number.
Example:
8+0=8 0 + 35 = 35 1+0=1

Adding Two- to Three-Digit Numbers

To add two- to three- digit numbers, follow the steps below.

Step 1. Arrange the numbers in column so that digits of the same place value are aligned. For example, let’s find
the sum of 74 and 162.

Hundreds Place Tens Place Ones Place

7 4
+ 1 6 2

Step 2. Add the digits in the ones place, tens place, then the hundreds place.

Hundreds Place Tens Place Ones Place

7 4
+ 1 6 2

In the tens place, since 7 tens plus 6 tens is 13 tens, then rename 13 tens as 1 hundred and 3 tens; write the 3 tens
in the tens digit of the sum and regroup the 1 hundred with the hundreds digits of the addends, then add.

Hundreds Place Tens Place Ones Place

1
7 4
+ 1 6 2
2 3 6

The sum of 74 and 162 is 236.

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• Addition is the process of putting together two or more numbers.
• The numbers being added are called the addends while the answer is called sum or total.
• Commutative Property of Addition (CPA) states that the order of the addends does not affect the sum. Associative
Property of Addition (APA) states that changing the grouping of the addends does not affect the sum, while the
Identity Property of Addition (IPA) says that when zero is added to a number, the sum is the number.

A. Give the missing addend or sum. Then identify the property of addition shown in each number. Write
CPA, APA and IPA only.
1. 3 + 9 + 6 = ___ + 9 + 3 ______________________
2. (8 + 3) + ___ = 8 + (3 + 6) ______________________
3. ___ + 8 = 8 ______________________
4. 12 + 9 = 9 + ___ ______________________
5. 76 + 0 = ___ ______________________

B. Solve the following problem.

_________________1. Ryza has 24 marbles. Merba has 8 marbles more than Ryza. How many marbles do the
two girls have in all?
_________________2. At the mall, Karl spent 145.00 on the first store and 248.00 in the second store. After which,
he has 120.00 left. How much money did he start with?
_________________3. Michael and Nicko each picked a number from a box. Nicko’s number is twice as large as
that of Michael’s. The sum of their numbers is 42. What is Nicko’s number?

C. Use the properties of addition to solve the following.

_________________1. 1 + 2 + 3 + . . . + 9 + 10 =
_________________2. (49 + 63) + 51 =
_________________3. 15 + 38 + 47 + 62 + 53 =
_________________4. 999 + 999 + 999 + 999 + 999 =
_________________5. 809 + 803 + 806 + 801 + 807 + 804 =

Read the problem below and answer the questions that follow.
Jonalyn has 5 discs, each with a different counting number printed on one face. However, she lost three
disc and all she can remember is that the sum of the five numbers is 50 and the numbers in the two remaining
discs are 12 and 9.
_________________1. What is the greatest possible value of one of the numbers?
_________________2. What can be the possible values of the three other numbers?

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 Lesson Outcomes:
CHAPTER 1: WHOLE NUMBER At the end of the lesson, the student should be able
to:
SUBTRACTION • Visualize the concept of subtraction;
•
OF WHOLE •
Relate subtraction with addition;
Subtract one to three-digit numbers; and
NUMBERS • Solve word problems involving subtraction.

The saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), is the largest of all

living reptiles. It is found in suitable habitats from Northern Australia
through Southeast Asia to the Eastern coast of India. An adult male
saltwater crocodile’s weight is 409 to 1 000 kilograms and length is
normally 4.1 to 5.5 meters.

Subtraction is another operation we need to learn as it is very useful in daily life. Subtraction is the process of
taking away one number from another. For instance, if an older saltwater crocodile has a length of 6 meters while the
younger has a length of 4 meters, then what is the difference in their length?
To find the difference, we subtract 4 from 6. Let us represent this situation using an illustration.
difference
Older

Younger

The illustration shows that the difference between 6 and 4 is 2. It means that 6 − 4 = 2.
Another way to show this is by using the inverse operation of subtraction which is addition. That is 4 + ____ = 6. So
what should be added to 4 to get a sum of 6? This shows that subtraction is like finding the missing addend.
In 6 − 4 = 2, 6 is called minuend. It is the number being subtracted from. The number 4 is called the subtrahend
or the number used to subtract. Then, 2 is called remainder or difference, which is the answer in subtraction.
Subtraction is the inverse operation of addition. It means that 6 − 4 = 2 may be translated into an addition sentence
which is:
Subtraction Sentence Addition Sentence
6−4 =2 2+4 =6
or
4+2 =6

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Subtraction of Two- to Three-Digit Number
Let us learn how to subtract two-digit numbers by solving the following word problems.
Problem 1:
James has ₱79. He bought a piece of sandwich at ₱25. How much money does he have left?
To solve the problem, we subtract 25 from 79.
To subtract two-digit numbers, we may use the following steps:
Step 1: Arrange the numbers so that digits of the same place value fall on the same column.
Tens Place Ones Place
7 9
- 2 5

Step 2: Subtract the ones digits.

Since the ones digit of the minuend is 9, which is greater than that of the subtrahend, which is 5, then we
can proceed to subtraction right away.
Tens Place Ones Place
7 9
- 2 5
4
Step 3: Subtract the tens digit.
Tens Place Ones Place
7 9
- 2 5
5 4
Therefore, 79 − 25 = 54 of James had ₱54.

Problem 2:
Enya has a collection of 342 keychains. Of these, 157 are foreign and the rest are Philippine made. How many of
her keychains are Philippine made?
To find the answer, subtract 157 from 342.
Step 1: Arrange the numbers in column.
Hundreds Place Tens Place Ones Place
3 4 2
- 1 5 7

Step 2: Subtract the digits on the ones place.

Observe that 2 is, ones digit of the minuend, is less than 7, ones digit of the subtrahend. In this case,
rename 4 tens of the minuend as 3 tens and ten ones, then regroup the 10 ones to 2 ones to make 12
ones. Now, subtract 7 from 12.
Hundreds Place Tens Place Ones Place
3 12
3 4 2
- 1 5 7
5
Step 3: Subtract the tens.
Since 3 tens of the minuend is again smaller than 5 tens of the subtrahend, then rename 3 hundreds of the
minuend as 2 hundreds and 10 tens, then regroup 10 tens with 3 tens to make 13 tens.

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 Subtract the tens digit.
Hundreds Place Tens Place Ones Place
2 3 12
3 4 2
- 1 5 7
1 8 5
Step 4: Subtract the hundreds digits.
Therefore, Enya has 185 Philippine-made keychains

• Subtraction is the process of taking away. It is also the inverse operation of addition.
• Minuend is the number being subtracted from; subtrahend is the number used to subtract while difference is called
to the answer in subtraction.

A. Find the missing addend.

1. 8 + _____ = 16
2. 7 + _____ = 12
3. 4 + _____ = 13
4. 6 + _____ = 13
5. 5 + _____ = 14
6. _____ + 9 = 17
7. _____ + 7 = 13
8. _____ + 6 = 12
9. _____ + 5 = 12
10. _____ + 8 = 15
B. Find the difference.
25 59 126 458 625
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
-18 -37 -49 -273 -286

C. Solve the following word problem.

1. JM harvested 378 mangoes. Mia Joy harvested 89 mangoes less than JM. How many mangoes did Mia Joy
harvested?
2. Roice and Chat have a total savings of ₱874. Chat saved ₱86 more than Roice. How much did each student
have?
3. Ralph has ₱750. He spent ₱256 on food, ₱125 for his fare, ₱345 for his project and save the rest. How much
did he save?

1. Solve the following in as many ways as possible.

The sum of two numbers is 48 while their difference is 8. What are the numbers?
2. You have learned about the properties of addition which are Commutative, Identity and Associative in the previous
lesson. Relate these properties with subtraction. Are they also true with subtraction? Explain your answer by giving
examples.

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 REFERENCES:

• Oronce, Orlando et. al, 2002. MATHEMATICS I. Rex Bookstore Publications.

• Camarista, G.G. 2019. Teaching Mathematics in the Primary Grade.Lorimar Publishing

Inc.

• https://www.splashlearn.com/place-value-games

• https://www.topmarks.co.uk/maths-games/7-11-years/place-value

Prepared by:

JOEMARK D. ABLIAN
Math Instructor, TEP
Reviewed by:

NILO C. BALANGON, EdD

Program Coordinator, TEP

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