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SQL Practice Problems 57 Beginning, Intermediate, and Advanced Challenges For You To Solve Using A Learn-By-Doing Approach - Nodrm

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)

491 views349 pages

SQL Practice Problems 57 Beginning, Intermediate, and Advanced Challenges For You To Solve Using A Learn-By-Doing Approach - Nodrm

sql

Uploaded by

Carmiña Rivera Vargas

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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SQL Practice Problems

57 beginning, intermediate, and advanced

challenges for you to solve using a “learn-by-
doing” approach

Sylvia Moestl Vasilik

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All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not
be reproduced
or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written
permission
of the publisher except for the use of brief quotations in a
book review.

ISBN: 978-1520807638

Ordering Information:
Special discounts are available on quantity purchases by
corporations, associations, and others. For details, contact the
publisher at [email protected].

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Table of Contents
How to use this book
Setup
Introductory Problems
1. Which shippers do we have?
2. Certain fields from Categories
3. Sales Representatives
4. Sales Representatives in the United States
5. Orders placed by specific EmployeeID
6. Suppliers and ContactTitles
7. Products with “queso” in ProductName
8. Orders shipping to France or Belgium
9. Orders shipping to any country in Latin America
10. Employees, in order of age
11. Showing only the Date with a DateTime field
12. Employees full name
13. OrderDetails amount per line item
14. How many customers?
15. When was the first order?
16. Countries where there are customers
17. Contact titles for customers
18. Products with associated supplier names
19. Orders and the Shipper that was used
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Intermediate Problems
20. Categories, and the total products in each category
21. Total customers per country/city
22. Products that need reordering
23. Products that need reordering, continued
24. Customer list by region
25. High freight charges
26. High freight charges - 2015
27. High freight charges with between
28. High freight charges - last year
29. Inventory list
30. Customers with no orders
31. Customers with no orders for EmployeeID 4
Advanced Problems
32. High-value customers
33. High-value customers - total orders
34. High-value customers - with discount
35. Month-end orders
36. Orders with many line items
37. Orders - random assortment
38. Orders - accidental double-entry
39. Orders - accidental double-entry details
40. Orders - accidental double-entry details, derived table

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41. Late orders
42. Late orders - which employees?
43. Late orders vs. total orders
44. Late orders vs. total orders - missing employee
45. Late orders vs. total orders - fix null
46. Late orders vs. total orders - percentage
47. Late orders vs. total orders - fix decimal
48. Customer grouping
49. Customer grouping - fix null
50. Customer grouping with percentage
51. Customer grouping - flexible
52. Countries with suppliers or customers
53. Countries with suppliers or customers, version 2
54. Countries with suppliers or customers - version 3
55. First order in each country
56. Customers with multiple orders in 5 day period
57. Customers with multiple orders in 5 day period, version
2
ANSWERS
Introductory Problems
1. Which shippers do we have?
2. Certain fields from Categories
3. Sales Representatives
4. Sales Representatives in the United States
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5. Orders placed by specific EmployeeID
6. Suppliers and ContactTitles
7. Products with “queso” in ProductName
8. Orders shipping to France or Belgium
9. Orders shipping to any country in Europe
10. Employees, in order of age
11. Showing only the Date with a DateTime field
12. Employees full name
13. OrderDetails amount per line item
14. How many customers?
15. When was the first order?
16. Countries where there are customers
17. Contact titles for customers
18. Products with associated supplier names
19. Orders and the Shipper that was used
Intermediate Problems
20. Categories, and the total products in each category
21. Total customers per country/city
22. Products that need reordering
23. Products that need reordering, continued
24. Customer list by region
25. High freight charges
26. High freight charges - 2015

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27. High freight charges with between
28. High freight charges - last year
29. Inventory list
30. Customers with no orders
31. Customers with no orders for EmployeeID 4
Advanced Problems
32. High-value customers
33. High-value customers - total orders
34. High-value customers - with discount
35. Month-end orders
36. Orders with many line items
37. Orders - random assortment
38. Orders - accidental double-entry
39. Orders - accidental double-entry details
40. Orders - accidental double-entry details, derived table
41. Late orders
42. Late orders - which employees?
43. Late orders vs. total orders
44. Late orders vs. total orders - missing employee
45. Late orders vs. total orders - fix null
46. Late orders vs. total orders - percentage
47. Late orders vs. total orders - fix decimal
48. Customer grouping

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49. Customer grouping - fix null
50. Customer grouping with percentage
51. Customer grouping - flexible
52. Countries with suppliers or customers
53. Countries with suppliers or customers, version 2
54. Countries with suppliers or customers - version 3
55. First order in each country
56. Customers with multiple orders in 5 day period
57. Customers with multiple orders in 5 day period, version
2

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How to use this book
This book assumes that you have some basic background
knowledge about relational databases and tables. However,
I’ve added some beginner level questions to gradually
introduce the various parts of the SQL Select statement for
those with less experience in SQL.
A note on the database used: the database used for these
problems, which you will set up in the in the next section, is
not the standard Northwind database. There have been
multiple modifications made to it, including additional tables,
and modified data, to support the problems in this book. Do
not try to use the standard Northwind sample database that
came with previous installations of SQL Server, many of the
problems will not work.
Do you need to finish all the problems? Absolutely not. The
introductory problems are fairly simple, so you may want to
skip directly to the Intermediate Problems section. If you’re
not a beginner, but not sure where you should start, just take a
look at the problems and expected results in the Introductory
Problems section and make sure you completely understand
the concepts. If you do, start working on the Intermediate
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Problems section.
If you’re uncertain about how to start on a problem, the hints
are designed to gradually walk you through how to approach
each problem. Try hard to solve the problems first without the
hints! I would cover up the hint section with a piece of paper
until you really need it. But if you’re stuck, the hints will get
you starting. If possible, don’t look at the answer, in the back
of the book, until you’ve solved the problem to the best of
your ability on your own. You will learn and remember much,
much more.
If there’s code you want to copy from this book and run on
your server—believe it or not, I recommend that you actually
type it out, instead of copying and pasting. Why go to the
hassle of re-typing something? Science shows that the act of
typing establishes it more firmly in your mind. When you just
copy and paste, the code just goes directly from one window
in your computer to another, without making much impression
on your brain. But when you type it out, you have to focus
much more, and that helps tremendously with retaining the
information.
Should you search online for answers, examples, etc.?
Absolutely. I expect you do research online throughout the
book, and in many places it’s necessary. I do not include all
the syntax in this book. In my day-to-day work as a data
engineer, I would be lost without being able to do online
research. Sometimes I search online for a reminder of a certain
syntax, sometimes for examples of a particular type of code,
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and sometimes for approaches to specific problems. Learning
to find answers online effectively can cut your problem-
solving time dramatically.
Once you finish all the questions, you’ll have some very useful
skills in data analysis and advanced Select statement usage.
This isn’t all there is to SQL, of course. There’s also the
syntax that let’s you actually modify data (update, insert,
delete), DDL (data definition language, i.e. how to create and
modify database objects), programming concept such as stored
procedures, and of course many other topics.
In this book, I’m only presenting problems involving retrieving
data with Select statements, because that’s an area where it’s
hard for people to get solid practice with real life data
problems, without actually working as a data engineer or
programmer. It’s also a critical first step for almost any of the
other database topics.
Any feedback would be greatly appreciated. For any questions
or issues, please send email to
[email protected] and I will be happy to
respond.

Thank you for purchasing this book!

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Setup
This section will help you install Microsoft SQL Server 2016,
SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) and also walk you
through setting up the practice database. The setup of
Microsoft SQL Server 2016 and SSMS will take about 45
minutes, with about 5 minutes of interaction here and there. It
may take one or two reboots of your system, depending on
which version of certain support files you have (dot.net
framework).
SQL Server 2016 will run with more recent versions of
Windows, including Windows 8 and Windows 10. Please
review this requirements page (https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-
us/library/ms143506.aspx) for full details.
Install Steps
Pre-setup - To download the backup file necessary in step 3,
as well as a PDF version of this book and a SQL setup script
to use if you already have SQL Server 2012 or SQL Server
2014, go to www.SQLPracticeProblems.com. Click on the
“Buy Now” button. Don’t worry, you don’t actually have to
buy anything. Use the 100% off coupon code “KCSPurch” to
bypass the credit card information, and get a download link
sent directly to your email for free.
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You may want to consider viewing this book via the PDF
instead of the paper or Kindle copy, since you’ll be able to
click on the links, and copy and paste code more easily.
Note: If you already have SQL Server 2012 or 2014 installed,
and don’t want to install SQL Server 2016, you don’t need to.
There’s a setup script called Northwind2012.sql (also works
for SQL Server 2014) included in the zipped file that will
allow you to use your existing version. Open that file, and
follow the instructions. You can then skip all the below steps.

1. Install MS SQL Server Express Edition 2016 -

Download and install MS SQL Server Express Edition 2016
(https://www.microsoft.com/en-cy/sql-server/sql-server-
editions-express). It’s a free download, and the Express
Edition, unlike the Developer Edition, doesn’t require you to
jump through any hoops with Live.Microsoft.com
subscriptions.Feel free to do the Basic install unless you need
it to go in a particular location on your hard drive.
The install of Express Edition and SSMS (in the next step)
will take about 45 minutes. Almost all of this is hands-off. A
reboot may be required, depending on some of your system
files.
2. SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) 2016 -
Download and install SQL Server Management Studio
(SSMS) 2016 (https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-
us/library/mt238290.aspx).This is the tool that allows you to
interact with SQL Server. You can either do this as a part of
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the MS SQL Server Express Edition 2016 install (there’s a
link at the bottom), or download it directly.
3. Move the practice database - The Northwind database
backup file is included in the zip file that you downloaded.
Unzip the file Northwind2016.bak and place it in the backup
directory of your SQL Server Express Edition install. With the
Basic install, the default location is here: C:\Program
Files\Microsoft SQL
Server\MSSQL13.SQLEXPRESS\MSSQL\Backup.
This practice database is based on the Microsoft sample
Northwind database, but it’s been substantially modified, so in
order to be able to solve the problems, you’ll need this
version.
4. Setup the practice database - Follow the instructions on
this video (https://www.youtube.com/embed/mBLhXiXIHW0?
rel=0) to restore the practice database that you just
downloaded onto your freshly installed SQL Server.

Questions or problems with the setup? Email me at

[email protected]

Introductory Problems
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1. Which shippers do we have?
We have a table called Shippers. Return all the fields from all
the shippers

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Expected Results
ShipperID CompanyName Phone
----------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------
1 Speedy Express (503) 555-9831
2 United Package (503) 555-3199
3 Federal Shipping (503) 555-9931

(3 row(s) affected)

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Hint
The standard format for a select statement that returns all
columns and all rows is “Select * from TableName”.

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2. Certain fields from Categories
In the Categories table, selecting all the fields using this SQL:
Select * from Categories
…will return 4 columns. We only want to see two columns,
CategoryName and Description.

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Expected Results
CategoryName Description
--------------- ----------------------------------------------------------
Beverages Soft drinks, coffees, teas, beers, and ales
Condiments Sweet and savory sauces, relishes, spreads, and seasonings
Confections Desserts, candies, and sweet breads
Dairy Products Cheeses
Grains/Cereals Breads, crackers, pasta, and cereal
Meat/Poultry Prepared meats
Produce Dried fruit and bean curd
Seafood Seaweed and fish

(8 row(s) affected)

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Hint
Instead of * in the Select statement, specify the column names
with a comma between them

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3. Sales Representatives
We’d like to see just the FirstName, LastName, and HireDate
of all the employees with the Title of Sales Representative.
Write a SQL statement that returns only those employees.

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Expected Results
FirstName LastName HireDate
---------- -------------------- -----------------------
Nancy Davolio 2010-05-01 00:00:00.000
Janet Leverling 2010-04-01 00:00:00.000
Margaret Peacock 2011-05-03 00:00:00.000
Michael Suyama 2011-10-17 00:00:00.000
Robert King 2012-01-02 00:00:00.000
Anne Dodsworth 2012-11-15 00:00:00.000

(6 row(s) affected)

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Hint
To filter out only certain rows from a table, use a Where
clause. The format for a where clause with a string filter is:
Where
FieldName = 'Filter Text'

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4. Sales Representatives in the United States
Now we’d like to see the same columns as above, but only for
those employees that both have the title of Sales
Representative, and also are in the United States.

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(3 row(s) affected)

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Hint
To apply multiple filters in a where clause, use “and” to
separate the filters.

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5. Orders placed by specific EmployeeID
Show all the orders placed by a specific employee. The
EmployeeID for this Employee (Steven Buchanan) is 5.

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Expected Results
OrderID OrderDate
----------- -----------------------
10248 2014-07-04 08:00:00.000
10254 2014-07-11 02:00:00.000
10269 2014-07-31 00:00:00.000
10297 2014-09-04 21:00:00.000
10320 2014-10-03 12:00:00.000
10333 2014-10-18 18:00:00.000
10358 2014-11-20 05:00:00.000
10359 2014-11-21 14:00:00.000
10372 2014-12-04 10:00:00.000
10378 2014-12-10 00:00:00.000
10397 2014-12-27 17:00:00.000
10463 2015-03-04 13:00:00.000
10474 2015-03-13 16:00:00.000
10477 2015-03-17 02:00:00.000
10529 2015-05-07 01:00:00.000
10549 2015-05-27 03:00:00.000
10569 2015-06-16 15:00:00.000
10575 2015-06-20 22:00:00.000
10607 2015-07-22 09:00:00.000
10648 2015-08-28 22:00:00.000
10649 2015-08-28 00:00:00.000
10650 2015-08-29 06:00:00.000
10654 2015-09-02 07:00:00.000
10675 2015-09-19 06:00:00.000
10711 2015-10-21 03:00:00.000
10714 2015-10-22 03:00:00.000
10721 2015-10-29 08:00:00.000
10730 2015-11-05 07:00:00.000
10761 2015-12-02 08:00:00.000
10812 2016-01-02 02:00:00.000
10823 2016-01-09 17:00:00.000
10841 2016-01-20 21:00:00.000
10851 2016-01-26 00:00:00.000
10866 2016-02-03 01:00:00.000
10869 2016-02-04 09:00:00.000
10870 2016-02-04 12:00:00.000
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10872 2016-02-05 06:00:00.000
10874 2016-02-06 14:00:00.000
10899 2016-02-20 09:00:00.000
10922 2016-03-03 02:00:00.000
10954 2016-03-17 16:00:00.000
11043 2016-04-22 17:00:00.000

(42 row(s) affected)

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Hint
The EmployeeID is an integer field, and not a string field. So,
the value “5” does not need to be surrounded by single quotes
in the where clause.

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6. Suppliers and ContactTitles
In the Suppliers table, show the SupplierID, ContactName,
and ContactTitle for those Suppliers whose ContactTitle is not
Marketing Manager.

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Expected Results
SupplierID ContactName ContactTitle
----------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------
1 Charlotte Cooper Purchasing Manager
2 Shelley Burke Order Administrator
3 Regina Murphy Sales Representative
5 Antonio del Valle Saavedra Export Administrator
6 Mayumi Ohno Marketing Representative
8 Peter Wilson Sales Representative
9 Lars Peterson Sales Agent
11 Petra Winkler Sales Manager
12 Martin Bein International Marketing Mgr.
13 Sven Petersen Coordinator Foreign Markets
14 Elio Rossi Sales Representative
16 Cheryl Saylor Regional Account Rep.
17 Michael Björn Sales Representative
18 Guylène Nodier Sales Manager
19 Robb Merchant Wholesale Account Agent
20 Chandra Leka Owner
21 Niels Petersen Sales Manager
22 Dirk Luchte Accounting Manager
23 Anne Heikkonen Product Manager
24 Wendy Mackenzie Sales Representative
26 Giovanni Giudici Order Administrator
27 Marie Delamare Sales Manager
28 Eliane Noz Sales Representative
29 Chantal Goulet Accounting Manager

(24 row(s) affected)

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Hint
To learn how to do the “not”, you can search online for SQL
comparison operators.

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7. Products with “queso” in ProductName
In the products table, we’d like to see the ProductID and
ProductName for those products where the ProductName
includes the string “queso”.

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Expected Results
ProductID ProductName
----------- ----------------------------------------
11 Queso Cabrales
12 Queso Manchego La Pastora

(2 row(s) affected)

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Hint
In an earlierproblem, we were looking for exact matches —
where our filter matched the value in the field exactly. Here,
we’re looking for rows where the ProductName field has the
value “queso” somewhere in it.
Use the “like” operator, with wildcards, in the answer. Feel
free to do some research online to find examples.

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8. Orders shipping to France or Belgium
Looking at the Orders table, there’s a field called ShipCountry.
Write a query that shows the OrderID, CustomerID, and
ShipCountry for the orders where the ShipCountry is either
France or Belgium.

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Expected Results
OrderID CustomerID ShipCountry
----------- ---------- ---------------
10248 VINET France
10251 VICTE France
10252 SUPRD Belgium
10265 BLONP France
10274 VINET France
10295 VINET France
10297 BLONP France
10302 SUPRD Belgium
10311 DUMON France
10331 BONAP France
10334 VICTE France
10340 BONAP France
10350 LAMAI France
10358 LAMAI France

... (skipping some rows)

10923 LAMAI France

10927 LACOR France
10930 SUPRD Belgium
10932 BONAP France
10940 BONAP France
10964 SPECD France
10971 FRANR France
10972 LACOR France
10973 LACOR France
10978 MAISD Belgium
11004 MAISD Belgium
11035 SUPRD Belgium
11038 SUPRD Belgium
11043 SPECD France
11051 LAMAI France
11076 BONAP France

(96 row(s) affected)

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Hint
In the where clause, instead of combining the filters with an
“and” use the “or”.

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9. Orders shipping to any country in Latin
America
Now, instead of just wanting to return all the orders from
France of Belgium, we want to show all the orders from any
Latin American country. But we don’t have a list of Latin
American countries in a table in the Northwind database. So,
we’re going to just use this list of Latin American countries
that happen to be in the Orders table:
Brazil
Mexico
Argentina
Venezuela
It doesn’t make sense to use multiple Or statements anymore,
it would get too convoluted. Use the In statement.

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Expected Results
OrderID CustomerID ShipCountry
----------- ---------- ---------------
10250 HANAR Brazil
10253 HANAR Brazil
10256 WELLI Brazil
10257 HILAA Venezuela
10259 CENTC Mexico
10261 QUEDE Brazil
10268 GROSR Venezuela
10276 TORTU Mexico
10283 LILAS Venezuela
10287 RICAR Brazil
10997 LILAS Venezuela

... (skipping some rows)

11014 LINOD Venezuela

11019 RANCH Argentina
11022 HANAR Brazil
11039 LINOD Venezuela
11042 COMMI Brazil
11049 GOURL Brazil
11052 HANAR Brazil
11054 CACTU Argentina
11055 HILAA Venezuela
11059 RICAR Brazil
11065 LILAS Venezuela
11068 QUEEN Brazil
11069 TORTU Mexico
11071 LILAS Venezuela
11073 PERIC Mexico

(173 row(s) affected)

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Hint
Here’s an example of the previous questions, about orders
shipping to France or Belgium, done as an In statement instead
of using multiple Where clauses.
Select
OrderID
,CustomerID
,OrderDate
,ShipCountry
From Orders
where
ShipCountry in ('France','Belgium')

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10. Employees, in order of age
For all the employees in the Employees table, show the
FirstName, LastName, Title, and BirthDate. Order the results
by BirthDate, so we have the oldest employees first.

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Expected Results
FirstName LastName Title BirthDate
---------- -------------------- ------------------------ -----------------------
Margaret Peacock Sales Representative 1955-09-19 00:00:00.000
Nancy Davolio Sales Representative 1966-12-08 00:00:00.000
Andrew Fuller Vice President, Sales 1970-02-19 00:00:00.000
Steven Buchanan Sales Manager 1973-03-04 00:00:00.000
Laura Callahan Inside Sales Coordinator 1976-01-09 00:00:00.000
Robert King Sales Representative 1978-05-29 00:00:00.000
Michael Suyama Sales Representative 1981-07-02 00:00:00.000
Janet Leverling Sales Representative 1981-08-30 00:00:00.000
Anne Dodsworth Sales Representative 1984-01-27 00:00:00.000

(9 row(s) affected)

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Hint
You’ll need to use the Order by clause here for sorting the
results. Look online for examples.

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11. Showing only the Date with a DateTime field
In the output of the query above, showing the Employees in
order of BirthDate, we see the time of the BirthDate field,
which we don’t want. Show only the date portion of the
BirthDate field.

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Expected Results
FirstName LastName Title DateOnlyBirthDate
---------- -------------------- ------------------------------ -----------------
Margaret Peacock Sales Representative 1955-09-19
Nancy Davolio Sales Representative 1966-12-08
Andrew Fuller Vice President, Sales 1970-02-19
Steven Buchanan Sales Manager 1973-03-04
Laura Callahan Inside Sales Coordinator 1976-01-09
Robert King Sales Representative 1978-05-29
Michael Suyama Sales Representative 1981-07-02
Janet Leverling Sales Representative 1981-08-30
Anne Dodsworth Sales Representative 1984-01-27

(9 row(s) affected)

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Hint
Use the Convert function to convert the BirthDate column
(originally a DateTime column) to a Date column.

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12. Employees full name
Show the FirstName and LastName columns from the
Employees table, and then create a new column called
FullName, showing FirstName and LastName joined together
in one column, with a space in-between.

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Expected Results
FirstName LastName FullName
---------- -------------------- -------------------------------
Nancy Davolio Nancy Davolio
Andrew Fuller Andrew Fuller
Janet Leverling Janet Leverling
Margaret Peacock Margaret Peacock
Steven Buchanan Steven Buchanan
Michael Suyama Michael Suyama
Robert King Robert King
Laura Callahan Laura Callahan
Anne Dodsworth Anne Dodsworth

(9 row(s) affected)

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Hint
Joining two fields like this is called concatenation. Look
online for examples of string concatenation with SQL Server.

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13. OrderDetails amount per line item
In the OrderDetails table, we have the fields UnitPrice and
Quantity. Create a new field, TotalPrice, that multiplies these
two together. We’ll ignore the Discount field for now.
In addition, show the OrderID, ProductID, UnitPrice, and
Quantity. Order by OrderID and ProductID.

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Expected Results
OrderID ProductID UnitPrice Quantity TotalPrice
----------- ----------- --------------------- -------- ---------------------
10248 11 14.00 12 168.00
10248 42 9.80 10 98.00
10248 72 34.80 5 174.00
10249 14 18.60 9 167.40
10249 51 42.40 40 1696.00
10250 41 7.70 10 77.00
10250 51 42.40 35 1484.00
10250 65 16.80 15 252.00
10251 22 16.80 6 100.80
10251 57 15.60 15 234.00
10251 65 16.80 20 336.00

... (skipping some rows)

11077 13 6.00 4 24.00

11077 14 23.25 1 23.25
11077 16 17.45 2 34.90
11077 20 81.00 1 81.00
11077 23 9.00 2 18.00
11077 32 32.00 1 32.00
11077 39 18.00 2 36.00
11077 41 9.65 3 28.95
11077 46 12.00 3 36.00
11077 52 7.00 2 14.00
11077 55 24.00 2 48.00
11077 60 34.00 2 68.00
11077 64 33.25 2 66.50
11077 66 17.00 1 17.00
11077 73 15.00 2 30.00
11077 75 7.75 4 31.00
11077 77 13.00 2 26.00

(2155 row(s) affected)

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Hint
In this computed column, you need to use the arithmetic
operator for multiplication.

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14. How many customers?
How many customers do we have in the Customers table?
Show one value only, and don’t rely on getting the recordcount
at the end of a resultset.

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Expected Results
TotalCustomers
--------------
91

(1 row(s) affected)

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Hint
In order to get the total number of customers, we need to use
what’s called an aggregate function. Look online for an
aggregate function that would work for this problem.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

15. When was the first order?
Show the date of the first order ever made in the Orders table.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Results
FirstOrder
-----------------------
2014-07-04 08:00:00.000

(1 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
There’s a aggregate function called Min that you need to use
for this problem.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

16. Countries where there are customers
Show a list of countries where the Northwind company has
customers.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Results
Country
---------------
Argentina
Austria
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Mexico
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
UK
USA
Venezuela

(21 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You’ll want to use the Group By clause for this query.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

17. Contact titles for customers
Show a list of all the different values in the Customers table
for ContactTitles. Also include a count for each ContactTitle.
This is similar in concept to the previous question “Countries
where there are customers”, except we now want a count for
each ContactTitle.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Results
ContactTitle TotalContactTitle
------------------------------ -----------------
Owner 17
Sales Representative 17
Marketing Manager 12
Sales Manager 11
Accounting Manager 10
Sales Associate 7
Marketing Assistant 6
Sales Agent 5
Assistant Sales Agent 2
Order Administrator 2
Assistant Sales Representative 1
Owner/Marketing Assistant 1

(12 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
The answer for this problem builds on multiple concepts
introduced in previous problem, such as grouping, aggregate
functions, and aliases.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

18. Products with associated supplier names
We’d like to show, for each product, the associated Supplier.
Show the ProductID, ProductName, and the CompanyName of
the Supplier. Sort by ProductID.
This question will introduce what may be a new concept, the
Join clause in SQL. The Join clause is used to join two or
more relational database tables together in a logical way.
Here’s a data model of the relationship between Products and
Suppliers.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Results
ProductID ProductName Supplier
----------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------
1 Chai Exotic Liquids
2 Chang Exotic Liquids
3 Aniseed Syrup Exotic Liquids
4 Chef Anton's Cajun Seasoning New Orleans Cajun Delights
5 Chef Anton's Gumbo Mix New Orleans Cajun Delights
6 Grandma's Boysenberry Spread Grandma Kelly's Homestead
7 Uncle Bob's Organic Dried Pears Grandma Kelly's Homestead
8 Northwoods Cranberry Sauce Grandma Kelly's Homestead
9 Mishi Kobe Niku Tokyo Traders
10 Ikura Tokyo Traders

... (skipping some rows)

66 Louisiana Hot Spiced Okra New Orleans Cajun Delights

67 Laughing Lumberjack Lager Bigfoot Breweries
68 Scottish Longbreads Specialty Biscuits, Ltd.
69 Gudbrandsdalsost Norske Meierier
70 Outback Lager Pavlova, Ltd.
71 Flotemysost Norske Meierier
72 Mozzarella di Giovanni Formaggi Fortini s.r.l.
73 Röd Kaviar Svensk Sjöföda AB
74 Longlife Tofu Tokyo Traders
75 Rhönbräu Klosterbier Plutzer Lebensmittelgroßmärkte AG
76 Lakkalikööri Karkki Oy
77 Original Frankfurter grüne Soße Plutzer Lebensmittelgroßmärkte AG

(77 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
Just as a reference, here’s an example of what the syntax for
the Join looks like, using different tables from the Northwind
database. It will show all the products, with the associated
CategoryName.
Select
ProductID
,ProductName
,CategoryName
From Products
Join Categories
on Products.CategoryID = Categories.CategoryID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

19. Orders and the Shipper that was used
We’d like to show a list of the Orders that were made,
including the Shipper that was used. Show the OrderID,
OrderDate (date only), and CompanyName of the Shipper, and
sort by OrderID.
In order to not show all the orders (there’s more than 800),
show only those rows with an OrderID of less than 10300.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Results
OrderID OrderDate Shipper
----------- ---------- ----------------------------------------
10248 2014-07-04 Federal Shipping
10249 2014-07-05 Speedy Express
10250 2014-07-08 United Package
10251 2014-07-08 Speedy Express
10252 2014-07-09 United Package
10253 2014-07-10 United Package
10254 2014-07-11 United Package
10255 2014-07-12 Federal Shipping
10256 2014-07-15 United Package
10257 2014-07-16 Federal Shipping
10258 2014-07-17 Speedy Express
10259 2014-07-18 Federal Shipping
10260 2014-07-19 Speedy Express
10261 2014-07-19 United Package
10262 2014-07-22 Federal Shipping
10263 2014-07-23 Federal Shipping
10264 2014-07-24 Federal Shipping

... (skipping some rows)

10284 2014-08-19 Speedy Express

10285 2014-08-20 United Package
10286 2014-08-21 Federal Shipping
10287 2014-08-22 Federal Shipping
10288 2014-08-23 Speedy Express
10289 2014-08-26 Federal Shipping
10290 2014-08-27 Speedy Express
10291 2014-08-27 United Package
10292 2014-08-28 United Package
10293 2014-08-29 Federal Shipping
10294 2014-08-30 United Package
10295 2014-09-02 United Package
10296 2014-09-03 Speedy Express
10297 2014-09-04 United Package
10298 2014-09-05 United Package
10299 2014-09-06 United Package
******ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*******
(52 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
First, create a SQL statement that shows only the rows and
columns you need from the Orders table.
Then, work on adding the join to the Shipper table, and the
necessary field from that table.
This data model should help you visualize the join between
the Orders table and the Shippers table.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
One thing to note for this problem is that when you join two
tables, the field that’s joined on does not necessarily need to
have the same name. Usually, they do. However, in this case,
the ShipVia field in Orders is joined to ShipperID in Shippers.

Congratulations! You've completed the introductory problems.

Any questions or feedback on the problems, hints, or answers?

I'd like to hear from you. Please email me at
[email protected].

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Intermediate Problems

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

20. Categories, and the total products in each
category
For this problem, we’d like to see the total number of products
in each category. Sort the results by the total number of
products, in descending order.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Results
CategoryName TotalProducts
--------------- -------------
Confections 13
Beverages 12
Condiments 12
Seafood 12
Dairy Products 10
Grains/Cereals 7
Meat/Poultry 6
Produce 5

(8 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
To solve this problem, you need to combine a join, and a group
by.
A good way to start is by creating a query that shows the
CategoryName and all ProductIDs associated with it, without
grouping. Then, add the Group by

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

21. Total customers per country/city
In the Customers table, show the total number of customers
per Country and City.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Results
Country City TotalCustomer
--------------- --------------- -------------
UK London 6
Mexico México D.F. 5
Brazil Sao Paulo 4
Brazil Rio de Janeiro 3
Spain Madrid 3
Argentina Buenos Aires 3
France Paris 2
USA Portland 2
France Nantes 2
Portugal Lisboa 2
Finland Oulu 1
Italy Reggio Emilia 1
France Reims 1
Brazil Resende 1

... (skipping some rows)

Canada Montréal 1
Germany München 1
Germany Münster 1
Germany Aachen 1
USA Albuquerque 1
USA Anchorage 1
Denmark Århus 1
Spain Barcelona 1
Venezuela Barquisimeto 1
Italy Bergamo 1
Germany Berlin 1
Switzerland Bern 1
USA Boise 1
Sweden Bräcke 1
Germany Brandenburg 1
Belgium Bruxelles 1

(69 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
Just as you can have multiple fields in a Select clause, you can
also have multiple fields in a Group By clause.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

22. Products that need reordering
What products do we have in our inventory that should be
reordered? For now, just use the fields UnitsInStock and
ReorderLevel, where UnitsInStock is less than the
ReorderLevel, ignoring the fields UnitsOnOrder and
Discontinued.
Order the results by ProductID.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Results
ProductID ProductName UnitsInStock ReorderLevel
----------- ---------------------------------------- ------------ ------------
2 Chang 17 25
3 Aniseed Syrup 13 25
11 Queso Cabrales 22 30
21 Sir Rodney's Scones 3 5
30 Nord-Ost Matjeshering 10 15
31 Gorgonzola Telino 0 20
32 Mascarpone Fabioli 9 25
37 Gravad lax 11 25
43 Ipoh Coffee 17 25
45 Rogede sild 5 15
48 Chocolade 15 25
49 Maxilaku 10 15
56 Gnocchi di nonna Alice 21 30
64 Wimmers gute Semmelknödel 22 30
66 Louisiana Hot Spiced Okra 4 20
68 Scottish Longbreads 6 15
70 Outback Lager 15 30
74 Longlife Tofu 4 5

(18 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
We want to show all fields where the UnitsInStock is less than
the ReorderLevel. So in the Where clause, use the following:
UnitsInStock < ReorderLevel

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

23. Products that need reordering, continued
Now we need to incorporate these fields—UnitsInStock,
UnitsOnOrder, ReorderLevel, Discontinued—into our
calculation. We’ll define “products that need reordering” with
the following:
UnitsInStock plus UnitsOnOrder are less than or equal to
ReorderLevel
The Discontinued flag is false (0).

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Results
ProductID ProductName UnitsInStock UnitsOnOrder ReorderLevel
Discontinued
---------- ---------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
30 Nord-Ost Matjeshering 10 0 15 0
70 Outback Lager 15 10 30 0

(2 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
For the first part of the Where clause, you should have
something like this:
UnitsInStock + UnitsOnOrder <= ReorderLevel

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

24. Customer list by region
A salesperson for Northwind is going on a business trip to
visit customers, and would like to see a list of all customers,
sorted by region, alphabetically.
However, he wants the customers with no region (null in the
Region field) to be at the end, instead of at the top, where
you’d normally find the null values. Within the same region,
companies should be sorted by CustomerID.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Results
CustomerID CompanyName Region
---------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------
OLDWO Old World Delicatessen AK
BOTTM Bottom-Dollar Markets BC
LAUGB Laughing Bacchus Wine Cellars BC
LETSS Let's Stop N Shop CA
HUNGO Hungry Owl All-Night Grocers Co. Cork
GROSR GROSELLA-Restaurante DF
SAVEA Save-a-lot Markets ID
ISLAT Island Trading Isle of Wight
LILAS LILA-Supermercado Lara
THECR The Cracker Box MT
RATTC Rattlesnake Canyon Grocery NM

... (skipping some rows)

SANTG Santé Gourmet NULL

SEVES Seven Seas Imports NULL
SIMOB Simons bistro NULL
SPECD Spécialités du monde NULL
SUPRD Suprêmes délices NULL
TOMSP Toms Spezialitäten NULL
TORTU Tortuga Restaurante NULL
VAFFE Vaffeljernet NULL
VICTE Victuailles en stock NULL
VINET Vins et alcools Chevalier NULL
WANDK Die Wandernde Kuh NULL
WARTH Wartian Herkku NULL
WILMK Wilman Kala NULL
WOLZA Wolski Zajazd NULL

(91 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You won’t be able to sort directly on the Region field here.
You’ll need to sort on the Region field, and also on a
computed field that you create, which will give you a
secondary sort for when Region is null
First, without ordering, create a computed field that has a
value which will sort the way you want. In this case, you can
create a field with the Case statement, which allows you do to
if/then logic. You want a field that is 1 when Region is null.
Take a look at the Examples section in the SQL Server
documentation for Case (https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-
us/library/ms181765.aspx#examples).
Note that when filtering for null values, you can't use
“FieldName = Null”. You must use “FieldName is null”.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You should have something like this:
Select
CustomerID
,CompanyName
,Region
,Case
when Region is null then 1
else 0
End
From Customers

When the Region contains a null, you will have a 1 in the final
column. Now, just add the fields for the Order By clause, in
the right order.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

25. High freight charges
Some of the countries we ship to have very high freight
charges. We'd like to investigate some more shipping options
for our customers, to be able to offer them lower freight
charges. Return the three ship countries with the highest
average freight overall, in descending order by average freight.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Results
ShipCountry AverageFreight
--------------- ---------------------
Austria 184.7875
Ireland 145.0126
USA 112.8794

(3 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
We'll be using the Orders table, and using the Freight and
ShipCountry fields.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You'll want to group by ShipCountry, and use the Avg
function. Don't worry about showing only the top 3 rows until
you have the grouping and average freight set up.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You should have something like this:
Select
ShipCountry
,AverageFreight = avg(freight)
From Orders
Group By ShipCountry
Order By AverageFreight desc;

Now you just need to show just the top 3 rows.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

26. High freight charges - 2015
We're continuing on the question above on high freight
charges. Now, instead of using all the orders we have, we only
want to see orders from the year 2015.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected result
ShipCountry AverageFreight
--------------- ---------------------
Austria 178.3642
Switzerland 117.1775
France 113.991

(3 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You need to add a Where clause to the query from the previous
problem. The field to filter on is OrderDate.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
When filtering on dates, you need to know whether the date
field is a DateTime, or a Date field. Is OrderDate a Datetime or
a Date field?

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

27. High freight charges with between
Another (incorrect) answer to the problem above is this:
Select Top 3
ShipCountry
,AverageFreight = avg(freight)
From Orders
Where
OrderDate between '1/1/2015' and '12/31/2015'
Group By ShipCountry
Order By AverageFreight desc;

Notice when you run this, it gives Sweden as the ShipCountry

with the third highest freight charges. However, this is wrong -
it should be France.
What is the OrderID of the order that the (incorrect) answer
above is missing?

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
(no expected results this time - we’re looking for a specific
OrderID)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
The Between statement is inclusive. Why isn’t it showing the
orders made on December 31, 2015?

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
Run this query, and look at the rows around December 31,
2015. What do you notice? Look specifically at the Freight
field.
select * from orders order by OrderDate

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

28. High freight charges - last year
We're continuing to work on high freight charges. We now
want to get the three ship countries with the highest average
freight charges. But instead of filtering for a particular year,
we want to use the last 12 months of order data, using as the
end date the last OrderDate in Orders.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Results
ShipCountry AverageFreight
--------------- ---------------------
Ireland 200.21
Austria 186.4596
USA 119.3032

(3 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
First, get the last OrderDate in Orders. Write a simple select
statement to get the highest value in the OrderDate field using
the Max aggregate function.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You should have something like this:
Select Max(OrderDate) from Orders
Now you need to get the date 1 year before the last order date.
Create a simple select statement that subtracts 1 year from the
last order date
You can use the DateAdd function for this. Note that within
DateAdd, you can use the subquery you created above. Look
online for some examples if you need to.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You should have something like this:
Select Dateadd(yy, -1, (Select Max(OrderDate) from Orders))
Now you just need to put it in the where clause.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

29. Inventory list
We're doing inventory, and need to show information like the
below, for all orders. Sort by OrderID and Product ID.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Results
EmployeeID LastName OrderID ProductName Quantity
----------- ------------ ----------- ------------------------------------ --------
5 Buchanan 10248 Queso Cabrales 12
5 Buchanan 10248 Singaporean Hokkien Fried Mee 10
5 Buchanan 10248 Mozzarella di Giovanni 5
6 Suyama 10249 Tofu 9
6 Suyama 10249 Manjimup Dried Apples 40
4 Peacock 10250 Jacks New England Clam Chowder 10
4 Peacock 10250 Manjimup Dried Apples 35
4 Peacock 10250 Louisiana Fiery Hot Pepper Sauce 15
3 Leverling 10251 Gustafs Knäckebröd 6
3 Leverling 10251 Ravioli Angelo 15
3 Leverling 10251 Louisiana Fiery Hot Pepper Sauce 20
4 Peacock 10252 Sir Rodneys Marmalade 40
4 Peacock 10252 Geitost 25
4 Peacock 10252 Camembert Pierrot 40
3 Leverling 10253 Gorgonzola Telino 20
3 Leverling 10253 Chartreuse verte 42
3 Leverling 10253 Maxilaku 40
5 Buchanan 10254 Guaraná Fantástica 15
5 Buchanan 10254 Pâté chinois 21
…
(total 2155 rows)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You'll need to do a join between 4 tables, displaying only
those fields that are necessary.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

30. Customers with no orders
There are some customers who have never actually placed an
order. Show these customers.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Results
Customers_CustomerID Orders_CustomerID
-------------------- -----------------
FISSA NULL
PARIS NULL

(2 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
One way of doing this is to use a left join, also known as a left
outer join.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
Select
Customers_CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID
,Orders_CustomerID = Orders.CustomerID
From Customers
left join Orders
on Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID

This is a good start. It shows all records from the Customers

table, and the matching records from the Orders table.
However, we only want those records where the CustomerID in
Orders is null. You still need a filter

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

31. Customers with no orders for EmployeeID 4
One employee (Margaret Peacock, EmployeeID 4) has placed
the most orders. However, there are some customers who've
never placed an order with her. Show only those customers
who have never placed an order with her.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
CustomerID CustomerID
---------- ----------
SEVES NULL
THEBI NULL
LAZYK NULL
GROSR NULL
PARIS NULL
FISSA NULL
SPECD NULL
LAUGB NULL
PRINI NULL
VINET NULL
FRANR NULL
CONSH NULL
NORTS NULL
PERIC NULL
DUMON NULL
SANTG NULL

(16 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
Building on the previous problem, you might think you need
to do something like this:

Select
Customers.CustomerID
,Orders.CustomerID
From Customers
left join Orders
on Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID
Where
Orders.CustomerID is null
and Orders.EmployeeID = 4

…adding this filter in the where clause:

and Orders.EmployeeID = 4
However, this returns no records.
Note that with outer joins, the filters on the where clause are
applied after the join.

Congratulations! You've completed the intermediate problems.

Any questions or feedback on the problems, hints, or answers?

I'd like to hear from you. Please email me at
[email protected].
******ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*******
******ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*******
Advanced Problems

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

32. High-value customers
We want to send all of our high-value customers a special VIP
gift. We're defining high-value customers as those who've made
at least 1 order with a total value (not including the discount)
equal to $10,000 or more. We only want to consider orders
made in the year 2016.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
CustomerID CompanyName OrderID TotalOrderAmount
---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------- ---------------------
QUICK QUICK-Stop 10865 17250.00
SAVEA Save-a-lot Markets 11030 16321.90
HANAR Hanari Carnes 10981 15810.00
KOENE Königlich Essen 10817 11490.70
RATTC Rattlesnake Canyon Grocery 10889 11380.00
HUNGO Hungry Owl All-Night Grocers 10897 10835.24

(6 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
First, let's get the necessary fields for all orders made in the
year 2016. Don't bother grouping yet, just work on the Where
clause. You'll need the CustomerID, CompanyName from
Customers; OrderID from Orders; and Quantity and unit price
from OrderDetails. Order by the total amount of the order, in
descending order.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You should have something like this:
Select
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName
,Orders.OrderID
,Amount = Quantity * UnitPrice
From Customers
join Orders
on Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID
join OrderDetails
on Orders.OrderID = OrderDetails.OrderID
Where
OrderDate >= '20160101'
and OrderDate < '20170101'

This gives you the total amount for each Order Detail item in
2016 orders, at the Order Detail level. Now, which fields do
you need to group on, and which need to be summed?

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
Select
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName
,Orders.OrderID
,TotalOrderAmount = sum(Quantity * UnitPrice)
From Customers
Join Orders
on Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID
Join OrderDetails
on Orders.OrderID = OrderDetails.OrderID
Where
OrderDate >= '20160101'
and OrderDate < '20170101'
Group By
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName
,Orders.OrderID

The fields at the Customer and Order level need to be grouped

by, and the TotalOrderAmount needs to be summed.
How would you filter on the sum, in order to get orders of
$10,000 or more? Can you put it straight into the where
clause?

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

33. High-value customers - total orders
The manager has changed his mind. Instead of requiring that
customers have at least one individual orders totaling $10,000
or more, he wants to define high-value customers as those who
have orders totaling $15,000 or more in 2016. How would you
change the answer to the problem above?

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
CustomerID CompanyName TotalOrderAmount
---------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------
SAVEA Save-a-lot Markets 42806.25
ERNSH Ernst Handel 42598.90
QUICK QUICK-Stop 40526.99
HANAR Hanari Carnes 24238.05
HUNGO Hungry Owl All-Night Grocers 22796.34
RATTC Rattlesnake Canyon Grocery 21725.60
KOENE Königlich Essen 20204.95
FOLKO Folk och fä HB 15973.85
WHITC White Clover Markets 15278.90

(9 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
This query is almost identical to the one above, but there's just
a few lines you need to delete or comment out, to group at a
different level.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

34. High-value customers - with discount
Change the above query to use the discount when calculating
high-value customers. Order by the total amount which
includes the discount.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
CustomerID CompanyName TotalsWithoutDiscount TotalsWithDiscount
---------- ------------------------------ --------------------- ----------------------
ERNSH Ernst Handel 42598.90 41210.6500244141
QUICK QUICK-Stop 40526.99 37217.3150024414
SAVEA Save-a-lot Markets 42806.25 36310.1097793579
HANAR Hanari Carnes 24238.05 23821.1999893188
RATTC Rattlesnake Canyon Grocery 21725.60 21238.2704410553
HUNGO Hungry Owl All-Night Grocers 22796.34 20402.119934082
KOENE Königlich Essen 20204.95 19582.7739868164
WHITC White Clover Markets 15278.90 15278.8999862671
FOLKO Folk och fä HB 15973.85 13644.0674972534
SUPRD Suprêmes délices 11862.50 11644.5999984741
BOTTM Bottom-Dollar Markets 12227.40 11338.5500488281

(11 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
To start out, just use the OrderDetails table. You'll need to
figure out how the Discount field is structured.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You should have something like this:
Select
OrderID
,ProductID
,UnitPrice
,Quantity
,Discount
,TotalWithDisccount = UnitPrice * Quantity * (1- Discount)
from OrderDetails

Note that Discount is applied as a percentage. So, if there's a

0.15 in the discount field, you need to multiply the UnitPrice
* Quantity by .85 (1.00 - .15). You need parenthesis around (1
- Discount) to make sure that calculation is done first.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

35. Month-end orders
At the end of the month, salespeople are likely to try much
harder to get orders, to meet their month-end quotas. Show all
orders made on the last day of the month. Order by
EmployeeID and OrderID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
EmployeeID OrderID OrderDate
----------- ----------- -----------------------
1 10461 2015-02-28 00:00:00.000
1 10616 2015-07-31 00:00:00.000
2 10583 2015-06-30 00:00:00.000
2 10686 2015-09-30 00:00:00.000
2 10989 2016-03-31 00:00:00.000
2 11060 2016-04-30 00:00:00.000
3 10432 2015-01-31 00:00:00.000
3 10806 2015-12-31 00:00:00.000
3 10988 2016-03-31 00:00:00.000
3 11063 2016-04-30 00:00:00.000
4 10343 2014-10-31 00:00:00.000
4 10522 2015-04-30 00:00:00.000
4 10584 2015-06-30 00:00:00.000
4 10617 2015-07-31 00:00:00.000
4 10725 2015-10-31 00:00:00.000
4 10807 2015-12-31 00:00:00.000
4 11061 2016-04-30 00:00:00.000
4 11062 2016-04-30 00:00:00.000
5 10269 2014-07-31 00:00:00.000
6 10317 2014-09-30 00:00:00.000
7 10490 2015-03-31 00:00:00.000
8 10399 2014-12-31 00:00:00.000
8 10460 2015-02-28 00:00:00.000
8 10491 2015-03-31 00:00:00.000
8 10987 2016-03-31 00:00:00.000
9 10687 2015-09-30 00:00:00.000

(26 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You can work on calculating this yourself, with a combination
of date functions such as DateAdd and DateDiff. But feel free
to shortcut the process by doing some research online.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

36. Orders with many line items
The Northwind mobile app developers are testing an app that
customers will use to show orders. In order to make sure that
even the largest orders will show up correctly on the app,
they'd like some samples of orders that have lots of individual
line items. Show the 10 orders with the most line items, in
order of total line items.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
OrderID TotalOrderDetails
----------- -----------------
11077 25
10979 6
10657 6
10847 6
10845 5
10836 5
10714 5
10670 5
10691 5
10698 5

(10 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
Using Orders and OrderDetails, you'll use Group by and
count() functionality.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

37. Orders - random assortment
The Northwind mobile app developers would now like to just
get a random assortment of orders for beta testing on their app.
Show a random set of 2% of all orders.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
(note - your results will be different, because we’re returning a
random set)
OrderID
-----------
11034
10400
10948
10931
10942
10604
10350
10499
10927
10896
10774
10932
10592
10706
10479
10782
10898

(17 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
Note that in the below SQL, the RandomValue field returns
the same random value for each row. Do some research online
to figure out how to get a new random value for each row.
Select
OrderID
, RandomValue = Rand()
From Orders

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

******ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*******
38. Orders - accidental double-entry
Janet Leverling, one of the salespeople, has come to you with a
request. She thinks that she accidentally entered a line item
twice on an order, each time with a different ProductID, but
the same quantity. She remembers that the quantity was 60 or
more. Show all the OrderIDs with line items that match this, in
order of OrderID.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
OrderID
-----------
10263
10263
10658
10990
11030

(5 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You might start out with something like this:
Select
OrderID
,ProductID
,Quantity
From OrderDetails
Where Quantity >= 60

However, this will only give us the orders where at least one
order detail has a quantity of 60 or more. We need to show
orders with more than one order detail with a quantity of 60 or
more. Also, the same value for quantity needs to be there more
than once.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
In addition to grouping on the OrderID, we also need to group
by the Quantity, since we need to show the order details that
have the same quantity, within an order. So, we need to group
by both OrderID, and Quantity.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

39. Orders - accidental double-entry details
Based on the previous question, we now want to show details
of the order, for orders that match the above criteria.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
OrderID ProductID UnitPrice Quantity Discount
----------- ----------- --------------------- -------- -------------
10263 16 13.90 60 0.25
10263 30 20.70 60 0.25
10263 24 3.60 65 0
10263 74 8.00 65 0.25
10658 60 34.00 55 0.05
10658 21 10.00 60 0
10658 40 18.40 70 0.05
10658 77 13.00 70 0.05
10990 34 14.00 60 0.15
10990 21 10.00 65 0
10990 55 24.00 65 0.15
10990 61 28.50 66 0.15
11030 29 123.79 60 0.25
11030 5 21.35 70 0
11030 2 19.00 100 0.25
11030 59 55.00 100 0.25

(16 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
There are many ways of doing this, including CTE (common
table expression) and derived tables. I suggest using a CTE
and a subquery. Here's a good article on CTEs
(https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms175972.aspx).
This is an example of a simple CTE in Northwind. It returns
orders made by the oldest employee:
;with OldestEmployee as (
Select top 1
EmployeeID
from Employees
order by BirthDate
)
Select
OrderID
,OrderDate
from Orders
where
EmployeeID in (Select EmployeeID from OldestEmployee)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

40. Orders - accidental double-entry details, derived
table
Here's another way of getting the same results as in the
previous problem, using a derived table instead of a CTE.
However, there's a bug in this SQL. It returns 20 rows instead
of 16. Correct the SQL.
Problem SQL:
Select
OrderDetails.OrderID
,ProductID
,UnitPrice
,Quantity
,Discount
From OrderDetails
Join (
Select
OrderID
From OrderDetails
Where Quantity >= 60
Group By OrderID, Quantity
Having Count(*) > 1
) PotentialProblemOrders
on PotentialProblemOrders.OrderID = OrderDetails.OrderID
Order by OrderID, ProductID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
Your first step should be to run the SQL in the derived table
Select
OrderID
From OrderDetails
Where Quantity >= 60
Group By OrderID, Quantity
Having Count(*) > 1

What do you notice about the results?

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
There are 2 rows for OrderID 10263, because there are 2 sets
of rows that have the same, identical quantity, that's 60 or
above.
When you do a join to a table that has duplicates, you will get
duplicates in the output as well, unless you take steps to avoid
it.
Find a single keyword that you can easily add to avoid
duplicates in SQL.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

41. Late orders
Some customers are complaining about their orders arriving
late. Which orders are late?

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
OrderID OrderDate RequiredDate ShippedDate
----------- ---------- ------------ -----------
10264 2014-07-24 2014-08-21 2014-08-23
10271 2014-08-01 2014-08-29 2014-08-30
10280 2014-08-14 2014-09-11 2014-09-12
10302 2014-09-10 2014-10-08 2014-10-09
10309 2014-09-19 2014-10-17 2014-10-23
10380 2014-12-12 2015-01-09 2015-01-16
10423 2015-01-23 2015-02-06 2015-02-24
10427 2015-01-27 2015-02-24 2015-03-03
10433 2015-02-03 2015-03-03 2015-03-04
10451 2015-02-19 2015-03-05 2015-03-12
10483 2015-03-24 2015-04-21 2015-04-25
10515 2015-04-23 2015-05-07 2015-05-23
10523 2015-05-01 2015-05-29 2015-05-30
10545 2015-05-22 2015-06-19 2015-06-26
10578 2015-06-24 2015-07-22 2015-07-25
10593 2015-07-09 2015-08-06 2015-08-13
10596 2015-07-11 2015-08-08 2015-08-12
10663 2015-09-10 2015-09-24 2015-10-03
10687 2015-09-30 2015-10-28 2015-10-30
10660 2015-09-08 2015-10-06 2015-10-15
10705 2015-10-15 2015-11-12 2015-11-18
10709 2015-10-17 2015-11-14 2015-11-20
10726 2015-11-03 2015-11-17 2015-12-05
10727 2015-11-03 2015-12-01 2015-12-05
10749 2015-11-20 2015-12-18 2015-12-19
10777 2015-12-15 2015-12-29 2016-01-21
10779 2015-12-16 2016-01-13 2016-01-14
10788 2015-12-22 2016-01-19 2016-01-19
10807 2015-12-31 2016-01-28 2016-01-30
10816 2016-01-06 2016-02-03 2016-02-04
10827 2016-01-12 2016-01-26 2016-02-06
10828 2016-01-13 2016-01-27 2016-02-04
10847 2016-01-22 2016-02-05 2016-02-10
10924 2016-03-04 2016-04-01 2016-04-08

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

10927 2016-03-05 2016-04-02 2016-04-08
10960 2016-03-19 2016-04-02 2016-04-08
10970 2016-03-24 2016-04-07 2016-04-24
10978 2016-03-26 2016-04-23 2016-04-23
10998 2016-04-03 2016-04-17 2016-04-17

(39 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
To determine which orders are late, you can use a combination
of the RequiredDate and ShippedDate. It's not exact, but if
ShippedDate is actually AFTER RequiredDate, you can be
sure it's late.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

42. Late orders - which employees?
Some salespeople have more orders arriving late than others.
Maybe they're not following up on the order process, and need
more training. Which salespeople have the most orders
arriving late?

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
EmployeeID LastName TotalLateOrders
----------- -------------------- ---------------
4 Peacock 10
3 Leverling 5
8 Callahan 5
9 Dodsworth 5
7 King 4
2 Fuller 4
1 Davolio 3
6 Suyama 3

(8 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
The answer from the problem above is a good starting point.
You'll need to join to the Employee table to get the last name,
and also add Count to show the total late orders.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

43. Late orders vs. total orders
Andrew, the VP of sales, has been doing some more thinking
some more about the problem of late orders. He realizes that
just looking at the number of orders arriving late for each
salesperson isn't a good idea. It needs to be compared against
the total number of orders per salesperson. Return results like
the following:

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
EmployeeID LastName AllOrders LateOrders
----------- -------------------- ----------- -----------
1 Davolio 123 3
2 Fuller 96 4
3 Leverling 127 5
4 Peacock 156 10
6 Suyama 67 3
7 King 72 4
8 Callahan 104 5
9 Dodsworth 43 5

(8 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You can use more than one CTE in a query. That would be a
straightforward way of solving this problem.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
Here are 2 SQL statements that could be put into CTEs and
put together into a final SQL statement.
-- Late orders
Select
EmployeeID
,TotalOrders = Count(*)
From Orders
Where
RequiredDate <= ShippedDate
Group By
EmployeeID

-- Total orders
Select
EmployeeID
,TotalOrders = Count(*)
From Orders
Group By
EmployeeID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

44. Late orders vs. total orders - missing employee
There's an employee missing in the answer from the problem
above. Fix the SQL to show all employees who have taken
orders.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
EmployeeID LastName AllOrders LateOrders
----------- -------------------- ----------- -----------
1 Davolio 123 3
2 Fuller 96 4
3 Leverling 127 5
4 Peacock 156 10
5 Buchanan 42 NULL
6 Suyama 67 3
7 King 72 4
8 Callahan 104 5
9 Dodsworth 43 5

(9 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
How many rows are returned when you run just the AllOrders
CTE? How about when you run just the LateOrders CTE?

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You'll want to add a left join (also known as a left outer join),
to make sure that we show a row, even if there are no late
orders.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

45. Late orders vs. total orders - fix null
Continuing on the answer for above query, let's fix the results
for row 5 - Buchanan. He should have a 0 instead of a Null in
LateOrders.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
EmployeeID LastName AllOrders LateOrders
----------- -------------------- ----------- -----------
1 Davolio 123 3
2 Fuller 96 4
3 Leverling 127 5
4 Peacock 156 10
5 Buchanan 42 0
6 Suyama 67 3
7 King 72 4
8 Callahan 104 5
9 Dodsworth 43 5

(9 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
Find a function to test if a value is null, and return a different
value when it is.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

46. Late orders vs. total orders - percentage
Now we want to get the percentage of late orders over total
orders.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
EmployeeID LastName AllOrders LateOrders PercentLateOrders
----------- -------------------- ----------- ----------- -------------------
1 Davolio 123 3 0.0243902439024
2 Fuller 96 4 0.0416666666666
3 Leverling 127 5 0.0393700787401
4 Peacock 156 10 0.0641025641025
5 Buchanan 42 0 0.0000000000000
6 Suyama 67 3 0.0447761194029
7 King 72 4 0.0555555555555
8 Callahan 104 5 0.0480769230769
9 Dodsworth 43 5 0.1162790697674

(9 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
By dividing late orders by total orders, you should be able to
get the percentage of orders that are late. However, there's a
common problem people run into, which is that an integer
divided by an integer returns an integer. For instance, if you
run the following SQL to divide 3 by 2:
select 3/2

You’ll get 1 instead of 1.5, because it will return the closest

integer.
Do some research online to find the answer to this issue.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

47. Late orders vs. total orders - fix decimal
So now for the PercentageLateOrders, we get a decimal value
like we should. But to make the output easier to read, let's cut
the PercentLateOrders off at 2 digits to the right of the decimal
point.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
EmployeeID LastName AllOrders LateOrders PercentLateOrders
----------- -------------------- ----------- ----------- -------------------
1 Davolio 123 3 0.02
2 Fuller 96 4 0.04
3 Leverling 127 5 0.04
4 Peacock 156 10 0.06
5 Buchanan 42 0 0.00
6 Suyama 67 3 0.04
7 King 72 4 0.06
8 Callahan 104 5 0.05
9 Dodsworth 43 5 0.12

(9 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
One straightforward way of doing this would be to explicitly
convert PercentageLateOrders to a specific Decimal data type.
With the Decimal datatype, you can specify how many digits
you want to the right of the decimal point

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
The calculation PercentLateOrders is getting a little long and
complicated, and it can be tricky to get all the commas and
parenthesis correct.
One way to simplify it is to break it down with an actual value
instead of a calculation.
For instance:
Select convert(decimal(10,2), 0.0243902439024)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

48. Customer grouping
Andrew Fuller, the VP of sales at Northwind, would like to do
a sales campaign for existing customers. He'd like to
categorize customers into groups, based on how much they
ordered in 2016. Then, depending on which group the
customer is in, he will target the customer with different sales
materials.
The customer grouping categories are 0 to 1,000, 1,000 to
5,000, 5,000 to 10,000, and over 10,000.
A good starting point for this query is the answer from the
problem “High-value customers - total orders. We don’t want
to show customers who don’t have any orders in 2016.
Order the results by CustomerID.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
CustomerID CompanyName TotalOrderAmount CustomerGroup
---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------- -------------
ALFKI Alfreds Futterkiste 2302.20 Medium
ANATR Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados 514.40 Low
ANTON Antonio Moreno Taquería 660.00 Low
AROUT Around the Horn 5838.50 High
BERGS Berglunds snabbköp 8110.55 High
BLAUS Blauer See Delikatessen 2160.00 Medium
BLONP Blondesddsl père et fils 730.00 Low
BOLID Bólido Comidas preparadas 280.00 Low
BONAP Bon app' 7185.90 High
BOTTM Bottom-Dollar Markets 12227.40 Very High
BSBEV B's Beverages 2431.00 Medium
CACTU Cactus Comidas para llevar 1576.80 Medium
CHOPS Chop-suey Chinese 4429.40 Medium
COMMI Comércio Mineiro 513.75 Low

... (skipping some rows)

SPLIR Split Rail Beer & Ale 1117.00 Medium

SUPRD Suprêmes délices 11862.50 Very High
THEBI The Big Cheese 69.60 Low
THECR The Cracker Box 326.00 Low
TOMSP Toms Spezialitäten 910.40 Low
TORTU Tortuga Restaurante 1874.50 Medium
TRADH Tradição Hipermercados 4401.62 Medium
TRAIH Trail's Head Gourmet Provisioners 237.90 Low
VAFFE Vaffeljernet 4333.50 Medium
VICTE Victuailles en stock 3022.00 Medium
WANDK Die Wandernde Kuh 1564.00 Medium
WARTH Wartian Herkku 300.00 Low
WELLI Wellington Importadora 1245.00 Medium
WHITC White Clover Markets 15278.90 Very High
WILMK Wilman Kala 1987.00 Medium
WOLZA Wolski Zajazd 1865.10 Medium

(81 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
This is the SQL from the problem “High-value customers -
total orders”, but without the filter for order totals over
10,000.
Select
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName
,TotalOrderAmount = SUM(Quantity * UnitPrice)
From Customers
Join Orders
on Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID
Join OrderDetails
on Orders.OrderID = OrderDetails.OrderID
Where
OrderDate >= '20160101'
and OrderDate < '20170101'
Group By
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName
Order By TotalOrderAmount Desc;

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You can use the above SQL in a CTE (common table
expression), and then build on it, using a Case statement on
the TotalOrderAmount.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

49. Customer grouping - fix null
There's a bug with the answer for the previous question. The
CustomerGroup value for one of the rows is null.
Fix the SQL so that there are no nulls in the CustomerGroup
field.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
(Including only a subset of the output)

CustomerID CompanyName TotalOrderAmount CustomerGroup

---------- ------------------------------- --------------------- -------------
LILAS LILA-Supermercado 5994.06 High
LINOD LINO-Delicateses 10085.60 Very High
LONEP Lonesome Pine Restaurant 1709.40 Medium
MAGAA Magazzini Alimentari Riuniti 1693.00 Medium
MAISD Maison Dewey 5000.20 High
MORGK Morgenstern Gesundkost 245.00 Low
NORTS North/South 45.00 Low
OCEAN Océano Atlántico Ltda. 3031.00 Medium
OLDWO Old World Delicatessen 5337.65 High
OTTIK Ottilies Käseladen 3012.70 Medium
PERIC Pericles Comidas clásicas 1496.00 Medium
PICCO Piccolo und mehr 4393.75 Medium
PRINI Princesa Isabel Vinhos 2633.90 Medium
QUEDE Que Delícia 1353.60 Medium
QUEEN Queen Cozinha 7007.65 High
QUICK QUICK-Stop 40526.99 Very High
RANCH Rancho grande 1694.70 Medium
RATTC Rattlesnake Canyon Grocery 21725.60 Very High
REGGC Reggiani Caseifici 4263.00 Medium
RICAR Ricardo Adocicados 7312.00 High

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
What is the total order amount for CustomerID MAISD? How
does that relate to our CustomerGroup boundaries?

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
Using “between” works well for integer values. However, the
value we're working with is Money, which has decimals.
Instead of something like:
when TotalOrderAmount between 0 and 1000 then 'Low'

You'll need to something like this:

when TotalOrderAmount >= 0 and TotalOrderAmount < 1000 then 'Low'

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

50. Customer grouping with percentage
Based on the above query, show all the defined
CustomerGroups, and the percentage in each. Sort by the total
in each group, in descending order.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
CustomerGroup TotalInGroup PercentageInGroup
------------- ------------ ---------------------------------------
Medium 35 0.432098765432
Low 20 0.246913580246
High 13 0.160493827160
Very High 13 0.160493827160

(4 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
As a starting point, you can use the answer from the problem
“Customer grouping - fix null”.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
We no longer need to show the CustomerID and
CompanyName in the final output. However, we need to count
how many customers are in each CustomerGrouping. You can
create another CTE level in order to get the counts in each
CustomerGrouping for the final output.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

51. Customer grouping - flexible
Andrew, the VP of Sales is still thinking about how best to
group customers, and define low, medium, high, and very high
value customers. He now wants complete flexibility in
grouping the customers, based on the dollar amount they've
ordered. He doesn’t want to have to edit SQL in order to
change the boundaries of the customer groups.
How would you write the SQL?
There's a table called CustomerGroupThreshold that you will
need to use. Use only orders from 2016.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
(The expected results are the same as for the original problem,
it’s just that we’re getting the answer differently.)
CustomerID CompanyName TotalOrderAmount CustomerGroupName
---------- ----------------------------------- ----------------- --------------------
ALFKI Alfreds Futterkiste 2302.20 Medium
ANATR Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados 514.40 Low
ANTON Antonio Moreno Taquería 660.00 Low
AROUT Around the Horn 5838.50 High
BERGS Berglunds snabbköp 8110.55 High
BLAUS Blauer See Delikatessen 2160.00 Medium
BLONP Blondesddsl père et fils 730.00 Low
BOLID Bólido Comidas preparadas 280.00 Low
BONAP Bon app 7185.90 High
BOTTM Bottom-Dollar Markets 12227.40 Very High
BSBEV Bs Beverages 2431.00 Medium
CACTU Cactus Comidas para llevar 1576.80 Medium
CHOPS Chop-suey Chinese 4429.40 Medium
COMMI Comércio Mineiro 513.75 Low

... (skipping some rows)

SPLIR Split Rail Beer & Ale 1117.00 Medium

SUPRD Suprêmes délices 11862.50 Very High
THEBI The Big Cheese 69.60 Low
THECR The Cracker Box 326.00 Low
TOMSP Toms Spezialitäten 910.40 Low
TORTU Tortuga Restaurante 1874.50 Medium
TRADH Tradição Hipermercados 4401.62 Medium
TRAIH Trails Head Gourmet Provisioners 237.90 Low
VAFFE Vaffeljernet 4333.50 Medium
VICTE Victuailles en stock 3022.00 Medium
WANDK Die Wandernde Kuh 1564.00 Medium
WARTH Wartian Herkku 300.00 Low
WELLI Wellington Importadora 1245.00 Medium
WHITC White Clover Markets 15278.90 Very High
WILMK Wilman Kala 1987.00 Medium
******ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*******
WOLZA Wolski Zajazd 1865.10 Medium

(81 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
As a starting point, use the SQL of the first CTE from the
problem “Customer grouping with percentage”
Select
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName
,TotalOrderAmount = SUM(Quantity * UnitPrice)
From Customers
join Orders
on Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID
join OrderDetails
on Orders.OrderID = OrderDetails.OrderID
Where
OrderDate >= '20160101'
and OrderDate < '20170101'
Group By
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
When thinking about how to use the table
CustomerGroupThreshold, note that when joining to a table,
you don't need to only use an equi-join (i.e., “=“ in the join).
You can also use other operators, such as between, and greater
than/less than (> and <).

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

52. Countries with suppliers or customers
Some Northwind employees are planning a business trip, and
would like to visit as many suppliers and customers as
possible. For their planning, they’d like to see a list of all
countries where suppliers and/or customers are based.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Results
Country
---------------
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Mexico
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Singapore
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
UK
USA
Venezuela

(25 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
Use the Union statekent for this. It’s a good way of putting
together a simple resultset from multiple SQL statements.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

53. Countries with suppliers or customers, version
2
The employees going on the business trip don’t want just a
raw list of countries, they want more details. We’d like to see
output like the below, in the Expected Results.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
SupplierCountry CustomerCountry
--------------- ---------------
NULL Argentina
Australia NULL
NULL Austria
NULL Belgium
Brazil Brazil
Canada Canada
Denmark Denmark
Finland Finland
France France
Germany Germany
NULL Ireland
Italy Italy
Japan NULL
NULL Mexico
Netherlands NULL
Norway Norway
NULL Poland
NULL Portugal
Singapore NULL
Spain Spain
Sweden Sweden
NULL Switzerland
UK UK
USA USA
NULL Venezuela

(25 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
A good way to start would be with a list of countries from the
Suppliers table, and a list of countries from the Customers
table. Use either Distinct or Group by to avoid duplicating
countries. Sort by country name

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You should have something like this:
Select Distinct Country from Customers
Select Distinct Country from Suppliers

You can combine these with a CTEs or derived tables.

Note that there’s a specific type of outer join you’ll need,
designed to return rows from either resultset. What is it?
Look online for the different types of outer join available.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

54. Countries with suppliers or customers - version
3
The output of the above is improved, but it’s still not ideal
What we’d really like to see is the country name, the total
suppliers, and the total customers.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
Country TotalSuppliers TotalCustomers
--------------- -------------- --------------
Argentina 0 3
Australia 2 0
Austria 0 2
Belgium 0 2
Brazil 1 9
Canada 2 3
Denmark 1 2
Finland 1 2
France 3 11
Germany 3 11
Ireland 0 1
Italy 2 3
Japan 2 0
Mexico 0 5
Netherlands 1 0
Norway 1 1
Poland 0 1
Portugal 0 2
Singapore 1 0
Spain 1 5
Sweden 2 2
Switzerland 0 2
UK 2 7
USA 4 13
Venezuela 0 4

(25 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You should be able to use the above query, and make a few
changes to the CTE source queries to show the total number of
Supplier countries and Customer countries. You won’t be able
to use the Distinct keyword anymore.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
When joining the 2 CTEs together, you can use a computed
column, with the IsNull function to show a non-null Country
field, instead of the Supplier country or the Customer country.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

55. First order in each country
Looking at the Orders table—we’d like to show details for
each order that was the first in that particular country, ordered
by OrderID.
So, we need one row per ShipCountry, and CustomerID,
OrderID, and OrderDate should be of the first order from that
country.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Results
ShipCountry CustomerID OrderID OrderDate
--------------- ---------- ----------- ----------
Argentina OCEAN 10409 2015-01-09
Austria ERNSH 10258 2014-07-17
Belgium SUPRD 10252 2014-07-09
Brazil HANAR 10250 2014-07-08
Canada MEREP 10332 2014-10-17
Denmark SIMOB 10341 2014-10-29
Finland WARTH 10266 2014-07-26
France VINET 10248 2014-07-04
Germany TOMSP 10249 2014-07-05
Ireland HUNGO 10298 2014-09-05
Italy MAGAA 10275 2014-08-07
Mexico CENTC 10259 2014-07-18
Norway SANTG 10387 2014-12-18
Poland WOLZA 10374 2014-12-05
Portugal FURIB 10328 2014-10-14
Spain ROMEY 10281 2014-08-14
Sweden FOLKO 10264 2014-07-24
Switzerland CHOPS 10254 2014-07-11
UK BSBEV 10289 2014-08-26
USA RATTC 10262 2014-07-22
Venezuela HILAA 10257 2014-07-16

(21 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
Your first step will probably be to create a query like this:
Select
ShipCountry
,CustomerID
,OrderID
,OrderDate = convert(date, OrderDate)
From orders
Order by
ShipCountry
,OrderID

…which shows all the rows in the Order table, sorted first by
Country and then by OrderID.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
Your next step is to create a computed column that shows the
row number for each order, partitioned appropriately.
There’s a class of functions called Window functions or
Ranking functions that you can use for this problem.
Specifically, use the Row_Number() function, with the Over
and Partition clause, to get the number, per country, of a
particular order.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You’ll have something like this:
Select
ShipCountry
,CustomerID
,OrderID
,OrderDate = convert(date, OrderDate)
,RowNumberPerCountry =
Row_Number()
over (Partition by ShipCountry Order by ShipCountry, OrderID)
From Orders

Because of some limitations with Window functions, you can’t

directly filter the computed column created above. Use a CTE
to solve the problem.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

56. Customers with multiple orders in 5 day period
There are some customers for whom freight is a major expense
when ordering from Northwind.
However, by batching up their orders, and making one larger
order instead of multiple smaller orders in a short period of
time, they could reduce their freight costs significantly.
Show those customers who have made more than 1 order in a 5
day period. The sales people will use this to help customers
reduce their costs.
Note: There are more than one way of solving this kind of
problem. For this problem, we will not be using Window
functions.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Result
CustomerID InitialOrderID InitialOrderDate NextOrderID NextOrderDate
DaysBetween
---------- -------------- ---------------- ----------- ------------- -----------
ANTON 10677 2015-09-22 10682 2015-09-25 3
AROUT 10741 2015-11-14 10743 2015-11-17 3
BERGS 10278 2014-08-12 10280 2014-08-14 2
BERGS 10444 2015-02-12 10445 2015-02-13 1
BERGS 10866 2016-02-03 10875 2016-02-06 3
BONAP 10730 2015-11-05 10732 2015-11-06 1
BONAP 10871 2016-02-05 10876 2016-02-09 4
BONAP 10932 2016-03-06 10940 2016-03-11 5
BOTTM 10410 2015-01-10 10411 2015-01-10 0
BOTTM 10944 2016-03-12 10949 2016-03-13 1
BOTTM 10975 2016-03-25 10982 2016-03-27 2
BOTTM 11045 2016-04-23 11048 2016-04-24 1
BSBEV 10538 2015-05-15 10539 2015-05-16 1
BSBEV 10943 2016-03-11 10947 2016-03-13 2

... (skipping some rows)

SEVES 10800 2015-12-26 10804 2015-12-30 4

SUPRD 10841 2016-01-20 10846 2016-01-22 2
SUPRD 11035 2016-04-20 11038 2016-04-21 1
TRADH 10830 2016-01-13 10834 2016-01-15 2
TRADH 10834 2016-01-15 10839 2016-01-19 4
TRAIH 10574 2015-06-19 10577 2015-06-23 4
VICTE 10806 2015-12-31 10814 2016-01-05 5
VICTE 10843 2016-01-21 10850 2016-01-23 2
VINET 10737 2015-11-11 10739 2015-11-12 1
WARTH 10412 2015-01-13 10416 2015-01-16 3
WELLI 10803 2015-12-30 10809 2016-01-01 2
WELLI 10900 2016-02-20 10905 2016-02-24 4
WHITC 10693 2015-10-06 10696 2015-10-08 2
WILMK 10873 2016-02-06 10879 2016-02-10 4

(71 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You can use a self-join, with 2 instances of the Orders table,
joined by CustomerID. Good naming for the table aliases
(table instances) are important for readability. Don't name
them Order1 and Order2.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
Select
InitialOrder.CustomerID
,InitialOrderID = InitialOrder.OrderID
,InitialOrderDate = InitialOrder.OrderDate
,NextOrderID = NextOrder.OrderID
,NextOrderDate = NextOrder.OrderDate
from Orders InitialOrder
join Orders NextOrder
on InitialOrder.CustomerID = NextOrder.CustomerID
Order by
InitialOrder.CustomerID
,InitialOrder.OrderID

This is a good start. You will need to filter on additional fields

in the join clause between InitialOrder and NextOrder,
because as it is, this returns far too many orders. It has what's
called a cartesian product between the 2 instances of the
Orders table. This means that for the total number of orders for
a particular customer in Orders, you'll have that number,
squared, in the output.
Look at some of the OrderID and OrderDate values in
InitialOrder and NextOrder. Some of them definitely
disqualify a row based on our criteria.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
Should the OrderID of the NextOrder ever be less than or
equal to the OrderID of the NextOrder?

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
Based on the hint above, we added a where clause.
Select
InitialOrder.CustomerID
,InitialOrderID = InitialOrder.OrderID
,InitialOrderDate = InitialOrder.OrderDate
,NextOrderID = NextOrder.OrderID
,NextOrderDate = NextOrder.OrderDate
from Orders InitialOrder
join Orders NextOrder
on InitialOrder.CustomerID = NextOrder.CustomerID
where
InitialOrder.OrderID < NextOrder.OrderID
Order by
InitialOrder.CustomerID
,InitialOrder.OrderID

Adding this filter:

and InitialOrder.OrderID < NextOrder.OrderID
…has cut down the output a lot. However, we still need to
filter for the 5 day period.
Create a new field called DaysBetween that calculates the
number of days between the InitialOrder OrderDate and the
NextOrder OrderDate. Use the DateDiff function.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You should now have a line like this:
DaysBetween = datediff(dd, InitialOrder.OrderDate, NextOrder.OrderDate)
Use this calculation in the Where clause to filter for 5 days or
less between orders.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

57. Customers with multiple orders in 5 day period,
version 2
There’s another way of solving the problem above, using
Window functions. We would like to see the following results.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Expected Results
CustomerID OrderDate NextOrderDate DaysBetweenOrders
---------- ---------- ------------- -----------------
ANTON 2015-09-22 2015-09-25 3
AROUT 2015-11-14 2015-11-17 3
BERGS 2014-08-12 2014-08-14 2
BERGS 2015-02-12 2015-02-13 1
BERGS 2016-02-03 2016-02-06 3
BONAP 2015-11-05 2015-11-06 1
BONAP 2016-02-05 2016-02-09 4
BONAP 2016-03-06 2016-03-11 5
BOTTM 2015-01-10 2015-01-10 0
BOTTM 2016-03-12 2016-03-13 1
BOTTM 2016-03-25 2016-03-27 2
BOTTM 2016-04-23 2016-04-24 1

... (skipping some rows)

SAVEA 2016-03-27 2016-03-30 3

SAVEA 2016-04-17 2016-04-17 0
SEVES 2015-12-26 2015-12-30 4
SUPRD 2016-01-20 2016-01-22 2
SUPRD 2016-04-20 2016-04-21 1
TRADH 2016-01-13 2016-01-15 2
TRADH 2016-01-15 2016-01-19 4
TRAIH 2015-06-19 2015-06-23 4
VICTE 2015-12-31 2016-01-05 5
VICTE 2016-01-21 2016-01-23 2
VINET 2015-11-11 2015-11-12 1
WARTH 2015-01-13 2015-01-16 3
WELLI 2015-12-30 2016-01-01 2
WELLI 2016-02-20 2016-02-24 4
WHITC 2015-10-06 2015-10-08 2
WILMK 2016-02-06 2016-02-10 4

(69 row(s) affected)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
The window function to use here is the Lead function.
Look up some examples of the Lead function online.
As a first step, write SQL using the Lead function to return
results like the following. The NextOrderDate is a computed
column that uses the Lead function.
CustomerID OrderDate NextOrderDate
---------- ---------- -------------
ALFKI 2015-08-25 2015-10-03
ALFKI 2015-10-03 2015-10-13
ALFKI 2015-10-13 2016-01-15
ALFKI 2016-01-15 2016-03-16
ALFKI 2016-03-16 2016-04-09
ALFKI 2016-04-09 NULL
ANATR 2014-09-18 2015-08-08
ANATR 2015-08-08 2015-11-28
ANATR 2015-11-28 2016-03-04
ANATR 2016-03-04 NULL

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Hint
You should have something like this:
Select
CustomerID
,OrderDate = convert(date, OrderDate)
,NextOrderDate =
convert(
date
,Lead(OrderDate,1)
OVER (Partition by CustomerID order by CustomerID, OrderDate)
)
From Orders
Order by
CustomerID
,OrderID

Now, take the output of this, and using a CTE and the
DateDiff function, filter for rows which match our criteria.

Congratulations! You've completed the advanced problems.

Any questions or feedback on the problems, hints, or answers?

I'd like to hear from you. Please email me at
[email protected].

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

ANSWERS

Introductory Problems

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1. Which shippers do we have?

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Answer
Select
*
From Shippers

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Discussion
This is a basic select statement, returning all rows, just to get
you warmed up.
Most of the time, a simple select statement like this is written
all on one line, like this:
Select * From Shippers
But because we’ll be getting more complex quickly, we’ll start
out with formatting it with separate lines for each clause,
which we’ll be doing in future questions.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

2. Certain fields from Categories

Answer
Select
CategoryName
,Description
from Categories

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
Instead of doing a “Select *”, we specify the column names,
and only get those columns returned.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

3. Sales Representatives

Answer
Select
FirstName
,LastName
,HireDate
From Employees
Where
Title = 'Sales Representative'

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
This is a simple filter against a string datatype. When
comparing a value to a string datatype, you need to enclose the
value in single quotes.
What happens when you don’t? Try running the following:
Select
FirstName
,LastName
,HireDate
From Employees
Where
Title = Sales Representative

Notice that SQL Server gives the error:

Incorrect syntax near 'Representative'.

What about if you compare against a number? Try the

following:
Select
FirstName
,LastName
,HireDate
From Employees
Where
Title = 1

You should get a conversion failure error.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

4. Sales Representatives in the United States

Answer
Select
FirstName
,LastName
,HireDate
From Employees
Where
Title = 'Sales Representative'
and Country = 'USA'

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
You can have as many filters in the where clause as you need. I
usually indent all the filters, and put them on new lines, in
order to make it easier to read.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

5. Orders placed by specific EmployeeID

Answer
Select
OrderID
,OrderDate
From Orders
Where
EmployeeID = 5

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
This simple query filters for one value in the EmployeeID
field, using the “=” comparison operator.
Here’s another set of very commonly used comparison
operators that you’re probably familiar with from math class:
> Greater than
< Less than
>= Greater than or equal to
<= Less than or equal to

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

6. Suppliers and ContactTitles

Answer
Select
SupplierID
,ContactName
,ContactTitle
From Suppliers
Where
ContactTitle <> 'Marketing Manager'

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
Another way of expressing the Not is by using the following
!=
So, the below is equivalent to the answer with “<>”.
Select
CompanyName
,ContactName
,ContactTitle
From Suppliers
Where
ContactTitle != 'Marketing Manager'

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

7. Products with “queso” in ProductName

Answer
Select
ProductID
,ProductName
From Products
Where
ProductName like '%queso%'

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
The “Like” operator is always used with wildcards, such as the
percent symbol (%), which substitutes for any number of
characters.
Note that even though the search string used a lowercase “q”
with the Like clause
ProductName like '%queso%'

the resulting rows both had an uppercase Q.

Queso Cabrales
Queso Manchego La Pastora
This is because the default installation of SQL Server is case
insensitive, although it is also possible to have a case-sensitive
installation.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

8. Orders shipping to France or Belgium

Answer
Select
OrderID
,CustomerID
,ShipCountry
From Orders
where
ShipCountry = 'France'
or ShipCountry = 'Belgium'

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
This is a very simple example, but in many situations you will
have multiple where clauses, with combined “Or” and “And”
sections.
In this situation, an alternative would have been to use the “In”
operator. We’ll do that in a future problem.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

9. Orders shipping to any country in Europe

Answer
Select
OrderID
,CustomerID
,ShipCountry
From Orders
where
ShipCountry in
(
'Brazil'
,'Mexico'
,'Argentina'
,'Venezuela'
)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
Using the In statement like this is a very common scenario
when writing SQL. Whenever there’s more than just a few—
say 2 or 3—values that we’re filtering for, I will generally put
them on separate lines. It’s easier to read, understand, and
modify.
Also, many times the list of items you’re filtering for will be
coming from somewhere else—for instance, a spreadsheet—
and will already be on separate lines.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

10. Employees, in order of age

Answer
Select
FirstName
,LastName
,Title
,BirthDate
From Employees
Order By Birthdate

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
This is a simple example of an Order By clause.
By default, SQL Server sorts by ascending order (first to last).
To sort in desending order (last to first), run the following,
with the desc keyword:
Select
FirstName
,LastName
,Title
,BirthDate
From Employees
Order By Birthdate desc -- keyword desc for last to first search

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

11. Showing only the Date with a DateTime field

Answer
Select
FirstName
,LastName
,Title
,DateOnlyBirthDate = convert(date, BirthDate)
From Employees
Order By Birthdate

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
What we’re using here is called a computed column, also
sometimes called a calculated column. Anytime you’re doing
something besides just returning the column, as it is stored in
the database, you’re using a computed column. In this case,
we’re applying a function to convert the datatype returned.
Note that we’ve added a name, DateOnlyBirthDate, for our
computed column. This is called an “alias”.
DateOnlyBirthDate = convert(date, BirthDate)

If you don’t actually specify the column alias, you get an

empty column header, which is very unhelpful.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

12. Employees full name

Answer

Select
FirstName
,LastName
,FullName = FirstName + ' ' + LastName
From Employees

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
This is another example of the computed column. In this case,
instead of applying a function to a field, we’re concatenating
two fields.
Another way to do concatenation, as of SQL Server 2012, is
using the Concat function, as below.
Select
FirstName
,LastName
,FullName = concat(FirstName , ' ' , LastName)
From Employees

The Concat function isn’t very well known yet, since SQL
programmers are more familiar with using the + operator to
concatenate strings. However, there are benefits to using
Concat — mainly when there are nulls in the data.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

13. OrderDetails amount per line item

Answer
Select
OrderID
,ProductID
,UnitPrice
,Quantity
,TotalPrice = UnitPrice * Quantity
From OrderDetails
Order by
OrderID
,ProductID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
Here we have another example of a computed column, this
time using the arithmetic operator “*”for multiplication.
A note on aliases—I believe the alias structure that I have
above, with the alias name first and the computation after, is
easiset to read.
However, you’ll also very frequently see this structure, using
“as”:
Select
OrderID
,ProductID
,UnitPrice
,Quantity
,UnitPrice * Quantity as TotalPrice -- Alias using "as"
From OrderDetails
Order by
OrderID
,ProductID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

14. How many customers?

Answer
Select
TotalCustomers = count(*)
from Customers

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
Aggregates functions and grouping are very important when
retrieving data. In almost all cases, when doing data analysis,
you’ll be using multiple groupings and aggregates.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

15. When was the first order?

Answer
Select
FirstOrder = min(OrderDate)
From Orders

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
For the aggregate function Count, you don’t need to specify a
column name - just count(*) will work.
However, for other aggregate functions such as Min, Avg,
Sum, etc, you will need to specify a column name since you’re
not just counting all rows.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

16. Countries where there are customers

Answer
Select
Country
From Customers
Group by
Country

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
The Group By clause is a cornerstone of SQL. With most data
analysis of any complexity at all, you’ll be using multiple
Group By clauses, so they’re important to understand.
Another way of getting the same results is to use the Distinct
keyword, as below:
Select distinct
Country
From Customers

It looks simpler, and it is, for queries that are very

straightforward. But in everyday use, you’ll almost always be
using the Group By instead of Distinct, because you’ll need to
use additional aggregate functions such as Count, and Sum.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

17. Contact titles for customers

Answer
Select
ContactTitle
,TotalContactTitle = count(*)
From Customers
Group by
ContactTitle
Order by
count(*) desc

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
This particular construction, with a grouping, and then a count
of the total in each group, is very common both on its own,
and as a part of other queries.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

18. Products with associated supplier names

Answer
Select
ProductID
,ProductName
,Supplier = CompanyName
From Products
Join Suppliers
on Products.SupplierID = Suppliers.SupplierID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
Joins can range from the very simple, which we have here, to
the very complex. You need to understand them thoroughly, as
they’re critical in writing anything but the simplest SQL.
One thing you’ll see when reading SQL code is, instead of
something like the answer above, something like this:
Select
ProductID
,ProductName
,Supplier = CompanyName
From Products P -- Aliased table
Join Suppliers S -- Aliased table
on P.SupplierID = S.SupplierID

Notice that the Products table and Suppliers table is aliased,

or renamed, with one letter aliases—P and S. If this is done,
the P and S need to be used in the On clause as well.
I’m not a fan of this type of aliasing, although it’s common.
The only benefit is avoiding some typing, which is trivial. But
the downside is severe—it leads to code that is much harder to
read.
It’s not so much a problem in small chunks of SQL like this
one. However, in long, convoluted SQL, you’ll find yourself
wondering what the one-letter aliases mean, always needing to
refer back to the From clause, and translate in your head.
The only time I use tables aliases is if the table name is
extremely long. And then, I use table alias names that are
understandable, just shortened.
******ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*******
19. Orders and the Shipper that was used

Answer
Select
OrderID
,OrderDate = convert(date, OrderDate)
,Shipper = CompanyName
From Orders
join Shippers
on Shippers.ShipperID = Orders.ShipVia
Where
OrderID < 10300
Order by
OrderID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
One common coding practice is to write the SQL as follows,
with a table alias added to each column in the Select
statement:
Select
O.OrderID
,OrderDate = convert(date, O.OrderDate)
,Shipper = S.CompanyName
From Orders O
join Shippers S
on S.ShipperID = O.ShipVia
Where
O.OrderID < 10300
Order by
O.OrderID

In this case O is prefixed to the fields from the Orders table,

and S to the fields from the Shippers table.
Usually I don’t do this—I think it just adds extra text without
enhancing readability.
However, it is sometimes impossible to run SQL without
prefixing the column name with the table name. For instance,
try running the following:
Select
ProductID
,ProductName
,Supplier = CompanyName
,SupplierID
From Products
Join Suppliers
on Products.SupplierID = Suppliers.SupplierID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

What error do you get? Fix the error by adding a table name in
front of the SupplierID.
Adding a table name to SupplierID is necessary because
otherwise SQL Server doesn’t know if you want to return the
SupplierID from Products or Suppliers.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Intermediate Problems

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20. Categories, and the total products in each
category

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Answer
Select
CategoryName
,TotalProducts = count(*)
From Products
Join Categories
on Products.CategoryID = Categories.CategoryID
Group by
CategoryName
Order by
count(*) desc

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
We’re expanding our knowledge of grouping here with a very
common scenario—grouping across two joined tables. In this
case, the tables have what’s called a parent-child relationship.
The parent table is Categories, and the child table is Products.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

21. Total customers per country/city

Answer
Select
Country
,City
,TotalCustomer = Count(*)
From Customers
Group by
Country
,City
Order by
count(*) desc

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
Note that once you have a Group by clause in a SQL
statement, every field that appears in the Select statement
needs to either appear in the Group by clause, or needs to have
some kind of aggregate function applied to it.
For instance, try running the following, with the City in the
Group by clause commented out, so we’re no longer grouping
by City.
Select
Country
,City
,TotalCustomer = Count(*)
From Customers
Group by
Country
--,City
Order by
count(*) desc

When you run this, you should receive this error message:
Msg 8120, Level 16, State 1, Line 3
Column 'Customers.City' is invalid in the select list because it is not contained in either
an aggregate function or the GROUP BY clause.

This means that the query engine doesn't know which City that
you want to display. Every field in the Select clause needs to
either have an aggregate function (like Sum, Count, etc), or
also be in the Group by. The reason behind this is that there
could potentially be multiple different cities for any one value
in the Country, and the database engine wouldn’t know
******ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*******
whinch one to show.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

22. Products that need reordering

Answer
Select
ProductID
,ProductName
,UnitsInStock
,ReorderLevel
From Products
Where
UnitsInStock <= ReorderLevel
Order by ProductID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
This is a straightforward query on one table. Instead of using a
string or numeric value to filter, we’re using another field.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

23. Products that need reordering, continued

Answer
Select
ProductID
,ProductName
,UnitsInStock
,UnitsOnOrder
,ReorderLevel
,Discontinued
From Products
Where
UnitsInStock + UnitsOnOrder <= ReorderLevel
and Discontinued = 0
Order by ProductID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
Instead of writing
and Discontinued = 0

…you can also write the following if you find it easier to read:
and Discontinued = convert(bit, 'FALSE')
SQL Server will automatically convert it to 0.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

24. Customer list by region

Answer
Select
CustomerID
,CompanyName
,Region
From Customers
Order By
Case
when Region is null then 1
else 0
End
,Region
,CustomerID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
Once we have the Case expression set up correctly, you just
need to create an Order By clause for it, and add the additional
fields for sorting (Region and CustomerID).
If we had wanted to include the sorting field in the output ,
you could write this:
Select
CustomerID
,CompanyName
,Region
,RegionOrder=
Case
when Region is null then 1
else 0
End
From Customers
Order By
RegionOrder
,Region
,CustomerID
You would not need to repeat the case statement in the Order
By, you can just refer to the alias - RegionOrder.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

25. High freight charges

Answer
Select Top 3
ShipCountry
,AverageFreight = Avg(freight)
From Orders
Group By ShipCountry
Order By AverageFreight desc;

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
Using Top is the easiest and most commonly used method of
showing only a certain number of records. Another way is by
using Offset, as below.
Select
ShipCountry
,AverageFreight = AVG(freight)
From Orders
Group By ShipCountry
Order by AverageFreight DESC
OFFSET 0 ROWS FETCH FIRST 3 ROWS ONLY

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

26. High freight charges - 2015

Answer
Select Top 3
ShipCountry
,AverageFreight = avg(freight)
From Orders
Where
OrderDate >= '20150101'
and OrderDate < '20160101'
Group By ShipCountry
Order By AverageFreight desc;

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
An alternate way to write the where clause is this:
Where
OrderDate >= '1/1/2015'
and OrderDate < '1/1/2016'

Depending on which date format you're used to, it may be

easier to read. However, using the format YYYYMMDD will
be correct world-wide, regardless of the DateFormat setting in
SQL Server.
And here’s still another way of writing this:
Select Top 3
ShipCountry
,AverageFreight = avg(freight)
From Orders
Where
year(OrderDate) = 2015 -- using Year function
Group By ShipCountry
Order By AverageFreight desc;

This looks straightforward and is easy to read. However, when

you put a function such as Year on the OrderDate field, we
can’t use the index anymore. Also, you can only filter for
specific calendar years, so it’s not very flexible.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

27. High freight charges with between

Answer
The OrderID that’s causing the different results is 10806.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
There’s an order made on December 31, 2015 with a really
high value in the Freight field. This would have skewed the
results, and put France in third place for highest freight
charges, but only if it were included in the Where clause.
This SQL would have worked fine if OrderDate were a Date
field, instead of DateTime.
OrderDate between '1/1/2015' and '12/31/2015'
However, since it’s a DateTime field, it gives an incorrect
answer because it's not taking into account records where the
OrderDate is during the day on December 31, 2015.
Note that for a DateTime field, the value
12/31/2015
is equivalent only to
2015-12-31 00:00:00.000
…and not to values that have a time component.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

28. High freight charges - last year

Answer
Select TOP (3)
ShipCountry
,AverageFreight = Avg(freight)
From Orders
Where
OrderDate >= Dateadd(yy, -1, (Select max(OrderDate) from Orders))
Group by ShipCountry
Order by AverageFreight desc;

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
Using SQL like this that can generate a dynamic date range is
critical for most data analysis work. Most reports and queries
will need to be flexible, without hard-coded date values.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

29. Inventory list

Answer
Select
Employees.EmployeeID
,Employees.LastName
,Orders.OrderID
,Products.ProductName
,OrderDetails.Quantity
From Employees
join Orders
on Orders.EmployeeID = Employees.EmployeeID
join OrderDetails
on Orders.OrderID = OrderDetails.OrderID
join Products
on Products.ProductID = OrderDetails.ProductID
Order by
Orders.OrderID
,Products.ProductID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
This problem is more practice with basic joins and multiple
tables.
You can replace Join with Inner Join, but mostly people just
use Join.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

30. Customers with no orders

Answer
Select
Customers_CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID
,Orders_CustomerID = Orders.CustomerID
From Customers
left join Orders
on Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID
Where
Orders.CustomerID is null

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
There are many ways of getting the same results. The main
options are the Left Join with Is Null, Not In, and Not Exists.
Above, we used the Left Join option. When performance is
equivalent, I prefer the Not In method, shown below.
Select CustomerID
From Customers
Where
CustomerID not in (select CustomerID from Orders)

I believe this is the easiest to read and understand.

Another option is to use Not Exists. This requires a correlated

subquery.
Select CustomerID
From Customers
Where Not Exists
(
Select CustomerID
from Orders
where
Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID
)

Performance for the different options can be affected by

whether or not the fields are indexed or nullable. For
additional reading on the details, check out this article: NOT
IN vs. NOT EXISTS vs. LEFT JOIN / IS NULL: SQL Server
(https://explainextended.com/2009/09/15/not-in-vs-not-exists-
vs-left-join-is-null-sql-server/).
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31. Customers with no orders for EmployeeID 4

Answer
Select
Customers.CustomerID
,Orders.CustomerID
From Customers
left join Orders
on Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID
and Orders.EmployeeID = 4
Where
Orders.CustomerID is null

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
Because the filters in the Where clause are applied after the
results of the Join, we need the EmployeeID = 4 filter in the
Join clause, instead of the Where clause.
Run the below query and review the results. It should give you
a better sense of how the left join with “is null” works. Note
that the Where clause is commented out.
Select
Customers.CustomerID
,Orders.CustomerID
,Orders.EmployeeID
From Customers
left join Orders
on Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID
and Orders.EmployeeID = 4
-- Where
-- Orders.CustomerID is null

The most common way to solve this kind of problem is as

above, with a left join. However, here are some alternatives
using Not In and Not Exists.
Select CustomerID
From Customers
Where
CustomerID not in (select CustomerID from Orders where EmployeeID = 4)

Select CustomerID
From Customers
Where Not Exists
(
Select CustomerID
from Orders
where Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID
and EmployeeID = 4
******ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*******
)

Advanced Problems

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32. High-value customers

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Answer
Select
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName
,Orders.OrderID
,TotalOrderAmount = SUM(Quantity * UnitPrice)
From Customers
Join Orders
on Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID
Join OrderDetails
on Orders.OrderID = OrderDetails.OrderID
Where
OrderDate >= '20160101'
and OrderDate < '20170101'
Group by
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName
,Orders.Orderid
Having Sum(Quantity * UnitPrice) > 10000
Order by TotalOrderAmount DESC

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
If you tried putting this filter
and sum(Quantity * UnitPrice) >= 10000

… in the where clause, you got an error. Aggregate functions

can only be used to filter (with some exceptions) in the Having
clause, not the Where clause.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

33. High-value customers - total orders

Answer
Select
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName
--,Orders.OrderID
,TotalOrderAmount = SUM(Quantity * UnitPrice)
From Customers
Join Orders
on Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID
Join OrderDetails
on Orders.OrderID = OrderDetails.OrderID
Where
OrderDate >= '20160101'
and OrderDate < '20170101'
Group by
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName
--,Orders.Orderid
Having sum(Quantity * UnitPrice) > 15000
Order by TotalOrderAmount desc;

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Discussion
All that was necessary here was to comment out references in
the Select clause and the Group By clause to OrderID. By
doing that, we're grouping at the Customer level, and not at the
Order level.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

34. High-value customers - with discount

Answer

Select
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName
,TotalsWithoutDiscount = SUM(Quantity * UnitPrice)
,TotalsWithDiscount = SUM(Quantity * UnitPrice * (1- Discount))
From Customers
Join Orders
on Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID
Join OrderDetails
on Orders.OrderID = OrderDetails.OrderID
Where
OrderDate >= '20160101'
and OrderDate < '20170101'
Group by
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName
Having sum(Quantity * UnitPrice * (1- Discount)) > 10000
Order by TotalsWithDiscount DESC;

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
Note that you need to use the new calculation for order totals
with discounts in the Select clause, the Having clause, and
also the Order by clause. In the Order by clause, you can re-
use the alias that you created in the Select clause, but in the
Having clause, you need to repeat the calculation.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

35. Month-end orders

Answer
Select
EmployeeID
,OrderID
,OrderDate
From Orders
Where OrderDate = EOMONTH(OrderDate )
Order by
EmployeeID
,OrderID

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Discussion
Very frequently the end of the month will be needed in queries
and reports. The function EOMONTH was introduced in SQL
Server 2012, so before that point, developers had to use a
combination of functions like the below:
Where OrderDate = dateadd(month,1 + datediff(month,0,OrderDate),-1)

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

36. Orders with many line items

Answer
Select top 10
Orders.OrderID
,TotalOrderDetails = count(*)
From Orders
Join OrderDetails
on Orders.OrderID = OrderDetails.OrderID
Group By Orders.OrderID
Order By count(*) desc

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
What happens when you select the top 50 instead of top 10?
There are many more rows that have 5 as the
TotalOrderDetails. If you want to show all of them you can use
the With Ties option as below:
Select top 10 With Ties
Orders.OrderID
,TotalOrderDetails = count(*)
From Orders
Join OrderDetails
on Orders.OrderID = OrderDetails.OrderID
Group By Orders.OrderID
Order By count(*) desc

Note that the same query, with the “With Ties” keyword, now
returns 37 rows because there are many rows with a value of 5
for TotalOrderDetails.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

37. Orders - random assortment

Answer
Select top 2 percent
OrderID
From Orders
Order By NewID()

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
The NewID() function creates a globally unique identifier
(GUID). When you order by this identifier, you get a random
sorting. In this case, we're using
top 2 percent
...to get the top 2 percent instead of a specific number of rows.
Using NewID() on a very large table can cause some problems,
see this article (https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-
us/library/cc441928.aspx) for more details.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

38. Orders - accidental double-entry

Answer
Select
OrderID
From OrderDetails
Where Quantity >= 60
Group By
OrderID
,Quantity
Having Count(*) > 1
Order by
OrderID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
This SQL shows orders that have at least 1 order detail with a
quantity of 60 or more (the Where clause), and the quantity is
duplicated within the order (the Group by and Having clause).
This occurs because we're grouping on both OrderID and
Quantity.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

39. Orders - accidental double-entry details

Answer
;with PotentialDuplicates as (
Select
OrderID
From OrderDetails
Where Quantity >= 60
Group By OrderID, Quantity
Having Count(*) > 1
)
Select
OrderID
,ProductID
,UnitPrice
,Quantity
,Discount
From OrderDetails
Where
OrderID in (Select OrderID from PotentialDuplicates)
Order by
OrderID
,Quantity

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
There are quite a few different ways of getting the same results
for this problem. Based on years of painful troubleshooting
caused by poorly-written, tangled SQL, I suggest that writing
easily understandable, straightforward code is one of the most
important things to strive for. Using a well thought-out CTE is
one way of doing this.
In the next problem, we'll look at another way of getting the
same result.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

40. Orders - accidental double-entry details, derived
table

Answer
Select
OrderDetails.OrderID
,ProductID
,UnitPrice
,Quantity
,Discount
From OrderDetails
Join (
Select distinct
OrderID
From OrderDetails
Where Quantity >= 60
Group By OrderID, Quantity
Having Count(*) > 1
) PotentialProblemOrders
on PotentialProblemOrders.OrderID = OrderDetails.OrderID
Order by OrderID, ProductID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
Note the Distinct keyword, added after the Select in the
derived table. This gives us only distinct rows in the output,
which avoids the problem with duplicate OrderIDs.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

41. Late orders

Answer
Select
OrderID
,OrderDate = convert(date, OrderDate)
,RequiredDate = convert(date, RequiredDate)
,ShippedDate = convert(date, ShippedDate)
From Orders
Where
RequiredDate <= ShippedDate

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
This is a straight-forward query that we'll use as a base for
future problems.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

42. Late orders - which employees?

Answer
Select
Employees.EmployeeID
,LastName
,TotalLateOrders = Count(*)
From Orders
Join Employees
on Employees.EmployeeID = Orders.EmployeeID
Where
RequiredDate <= ShippedDate
Group By
Employees.EmployeeID
,Employees.LastName
Order by TotalLateOrders desc

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
Note that both the LastName and the EmployeeID from the
Employees table need to be included in the Group by clause,
otherwise we get the error:
Msg 8120, Level 16, State 1, Line 3
Column 'Employees.LastName' is invalid in the select list because it is not contained in
either an aggregate function or the GROUP BY clause.

Technically, EmployeeID is a primary key field, and since

we’re grouping by that already, there can only be one
LastName associated with an EmployeeID. However, the
database engine doesn’t know this, and still requires the
LastName in the Group by clause.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

43. Late orders vs. total orders

Answer
;With LateOrders as (
Select
EmployeeID
,TotalOrders = Count(*)
From Orders
Where
RequiredDate <= ShippedDate
Group By
EmployeeID
)
, AllOrders as (
Select
EmployeeID
,TotalOrders = Count(*)
From Orders
Group By
EmployeeID
)
Select
Employees.EmployeeID
,LastName
,AllOrders = AllOrders.TotalOrders
,LateOrders = LateOrders.TotalOrders
From Employees
Join AllOrders
on AllOrders.EmployeeID = Employees.EmployeeID
Join LateOrders
on LateOrders.EmployeeID = Employees.EmployeeID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
The above query is almost correct, but if you're paying careful
attention, you'll realize it has a slight problem. We'll learn
more in the next problem.

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44. Late orders vs. total orders - missing employee

Answer
;With LateOrders as (
Select
EmployeeID
,TotalOrders = Count(*)
From Orders
Where
RequiredDate <= ShippedDate
Group By
EmployeeID
)
, AllOrders as (
Select
EmployeeID
,TotalOrders = Count(*)
From Orders
Group By
EmployeeID
)
Select
Employees.EmployeeID
,LastName
,AllOrders = AllOrders.TotalOrders
,LateOrders = LateOrders.TotalOrders
From Employees
Join AllOrders
on AllOrders.EmployeeID = Employees.EmployeeID
Left Join LateOrders
on LateOrders.EmployeeID = Employees.EmployeeID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
If we wanted to show all employees, even if they had no
orders, we would also have needed to use a Left Join for
AllOrders.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

45. Late orders vs. total orders - fix null

Answer
;With LateOrders as (
Select
EmployeeID
,TotalOrders = Count(*)
From Orders
Where
RequiredDate <= ShippedDate
Group By
EmployeeID
)
, AllOrders as (
Select
EmployeeID
,TotalOrders = Count(*)
From Orders
Group By
EmployeeID
)
Select
Employees.EmployeeID
,LastName
,AllOrders = AllOrders.TotalOrders
,LateOrders = IsNull(LateOrders.TotalOrders, 0)
From Employees
Join AllOrders
on AllOrders.EmployeeID = Employees.EmployeeID
Left Join LateOrders
on LateOrders.EmployeeID = Employees.EmployeeID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
Using a straightforward IsNull on LateOrder is the best way to
solve this problem.
Another way to write it would be using a Case statement
LateOrders =
Case
When LateOrders.TotalOrders is null Then 0
Else LateOrders.TotalOrders
End
But when you don’t need any other logic besides a test for
null, IsNull is the way to go.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

46. Late orders vs. total orders - percentage

Answer
;With LateOrders as (
Select
EmployeeID
,TotalOrders = Count(*)
From Orders
Where
RequiredDate <= ShippedDate
Group By
EmployeeID
)
, AllOrders as (
Select
EmployeeID
,TotalOrders = Count(*)
From Orders
Group By
EmployeeID
)
Select
Employees.EmployeeID
,LastName
,AllOrders = AllOrders.TotalOrders
,LateOrders = IsNull(LateOrders.TotalOrders, 0)
,PercentLateOrders =
(IsNull(LateOrders.TotalOrders, 0) * 1.00) / AllOrders.TotalOrders
From Employees
Join AllOrders
on AllOrders.EmployeeID = Employees.EmployeeID
Left Join LateOrders
on LateOrders.EmployeeID = Employees.EmployeeID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
If you just add a field like this:
PercentLateOrders = LateOrders.TotalLateOrders/AllOrders.TotalOrders

…you'll get 0 for all the fields, although that's obviously not
correct. But this is what happens when you divide two integers
together. You need to convert one of them to a data type such
as decimal. A common way to convert to a decimal datatype is
by multiplying by 1.00
Note that you need to convert the integer to a decimal before
you do the division. If you do it after the division, like this:
(IsNull(LateOrders.TotalOrders, 0) / AllOrders.TotalOrders) * 1.00

… you'll still get 0.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

47. Late orders vs. total orders - fix decimal

Answer
;With LateOrders as (
Select
EmployeeID
,TotalOrders = Count(*)
From Orders
Where
RequiredDate <= ShippedDate
Group By
EmployeeID
)
, AllOrders as (
Select
EmployeeID
,TotalOrders = Count(*)
From Orders
Group By
EmployeeID
)
Select
Employees.EmployeeID
,LastName
,AllOrders = AllOrders.TotalOrders
,LateOrders = IsNull(LateOrders.TotalOrders, 0)
,PercentLateOrders =
Convert(
Decimal (10,2)
,(IsNull(LateOrders.TotalOrders, 0) * 1.00) / AllOrders.TotalOrders
)
From Employees
Join AllOrders
on AllOrders.EmployeeID = Employees.EmployeeID
Left Join LateOrders
on LateOrders.EmployeeID = Employees.EmployeeID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
Rounding, truncating, and converting data types can get
complicated, and there are many ways that you could get
unexpected results. Always check your results carefully, and
know whether you want rounding, or truncation.
Frequently, when creating this kind of query, you’ll put the
output into a tool like Excel, and do any additional formatting
such as setting the decimal precision there. However, it’s good
to at least know how to do it in SQL.
You may have noticed that I added some new lines in the
calculation to make it easier to read. This isn’t necessary, but
it’s good programming practice, and easier to read and
troubleshoot compared to having everything on one line.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

48. Customer grouping

Answer
;with Orders2016 as (
Select
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName
,TotalOrderAmount = SUM(Quantity * UnitPrice)
From Customers
Join Orders
on Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID
Join OrderDetails
on Orders.OrderID = OrderDetails.OrderID
Where
OrderDate >= '20160101'
and OrderDate < '20170101'
Group by
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName
)
Select
CustomerID
,CompanyName
,TotalOrderAmount
,CustomerGroup =
Case
when TotalOrderAmount between 0 and 1000 then 'Low'
when TotalOrderAmount between 1001 and 5000 then 'Medium'
when TotalOrderAmount between 5001 and 10000 then 'High'
when TotalOrderAmount > 10000 then 'Very High'
End
from Orders2016
Order by CustomerID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
(Note - there's a small bug in the above SQL, which we'll
review in the next problem.)
The CTE works well for this problem, but it's not strictly
necessary. You could also use SQL like this:
Select
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName
,TotalOrderAmount = SUM(Quantity * UnitPrice)
,CustomerGroup =
Case
when SUM(Quantity * UnitPrice) between 0 and 1000 then 'Low'
when SUM(Quantity * UnitPrice) between 1001 and 5000 then 'Medium'
when SUM(Quantity * UnitPrice) between 5001 and 10000 then 'High'
when SUM(Quantity * UnitPrice) > 10000 then 'Very High'
End
From Customers
Join Orders
on Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID
Join OrderDetails
on Orders.OrderID = OrderDetails.OrderID
Where
OrderDate >= '20160101'
and OrderDate < '20170101'
Group By
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName

This gives the same result, but notice that the calculation for
getting the TotalOrderAmount was repeated 5 times, including
the 4 times in the Case statement.
It's best to avoid repeating calculations like this. The
calculations will usually be quite complex and difficult to
******ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*******
read, and you want to have them only in one place. In
something simple, like Quantity * UnitPrice, it's not
necessarily a problem. But most of the time, you should avoid
repeating any calculations and code. An easy way to remember
this is with the acronym DRY - “Don’t Repeat Yourself”.
Here’s an article
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_repeat_yourself) on
the topic.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

49. Customer grouping - fix null

Answer
;with Orders2016 as (
Select
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName
,TotalOrderAmount = SUM(Quantity * UnitPrice)
From Customers
Join Orders
on Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID
Join OrderDetails
on Orders.OrderID = OrderDetails.OrderID
Where
OrderDate >= '20160101'
and OrderDate < '20170101'
Group by
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName
)
Select
CustomerID
,CompanyName
,TotalOrderAmount
,CustomerGroup =
case
when TotalOrderAmount >= 0 and TotalOrderAmount < 1000 then 'Low'
when TotalOrderAmount >= 1000 and TotalOrderAmount < 5000 then 'Medium'
when TotalOrderAmount >= 5000 and TotalOrderAmount <10000 then 'High'
when TotalOrderAmount >= 10000 then 'Very High'
end
from Orders2016
Order by CustomerID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
As you've been seeing in the above problems, knowing the data
types you're working with and understanding the differences
between them is important to get the right results. Using
“between” would have been fine for integer values, but not for
Money.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

50. Customer grouping with percentage

Answer
;with Orders2016 as (
Select
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName
,TotalOrderAmount = SUM(Quantity * UnitPrice)
From Customers
join Orders
on Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID
join OrderDetails
on Orders.OrderID = OrderDetails.OrderID
Where
OrderDate >= '20160101'
and OrderDate < '20170101'
Group By
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName
)
,CustomerGrouping as (
Select
CustomerID
,CompanyName
,TotalOrderAmount
,CustomerGroup =
case
when TotalOrderAmount >= 0 and TotalOrderAmount < 1000 then 'Low'
when TotalOrderAmount >= 1000 and TotalOrderAmount < 5000 then
'Medium'
when TotalOrderAmount >= 5000 and TotalOrderAmount <10000 then 'High'
when TotalOrderAmount >= 10000 then 'Very High'
end
from Orders2016
-- Order by CustomerID
)
Select
CustomerGroup
******ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*******
, TotalInGroup = Count(*)
, PercentageInGroup = Count(*) * 1.0/ (select count(*) from CustomerGrouping)
from CustomerGrouping
group by CustomerGroup
order by TotalInGroup desc

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
In the answer we added an intermediate CTE called
CustomerGrouping. CustomerGrouping is referenced twice -
once to get the total number of customers in the group, and
once to get the total, as the denominator for the percentage.
Notice that the Order by in the second CTE is commented out.
If you leave it in, you get this error:
Msg 1033, Level 15, State 1, Line 32
The ORDER BY clause is invalid in views, inline functions, derived tables, subqueries,
and common table expressions, unless TOP, OFFSET or FOR XML is also specified.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

51. Customer grouping - flexible

Answer
;with Orders2016 as (
Select
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName
,TotalOrderAmount = SUM(Quantity * UnitPrice)
From Customers
Join Orders
on Orders.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID
Join OrderDetails
on Orders.OrderID = OrderDetails.OrderID
Where
OrderDate >= '20160101'
and OrderDate < '20170101'
Group by
Customers.CustomerID
,Customers.CompanyName
)
Select
CustomerID
,CompanyName
,TotalOrderAmount
,CustomerGroupName
from Orders2016
Join CustomerGroupThresholds
on Orders2016.TotalOrderAmount between
CustomerGroupThresholds.RangeBottom and
CustomerGroupThresholds.RangeTop
Order by CustomerID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
Note that this gives the same results as the original problem.
However, instead of using hard-coded values in the Case
statement to define the boundaries of the CustomerGroups,
you have them in a table.
The benefit of this is that you don't need to duplicate the
following code in every query where you need to group
customers, since it's defined in the table.
,CustomerGroup =
case
when TotalOrderAmount >= 0 and TotalOrderAmount < 1000 then 'Low'
when TotalOrderAmount >= 1000 and TotalOrderAmount < 5000 then 'Medium'
when TotalOrderAmount >= 5000 and TotalOrderAmount <10000 then 'High'
when TotalOrderAmount >= 10000 then 'Very High'
end

Also, take a look at the values in CustomerGroupThresholds.

select * From CustomerGroupThresholds
Note that there's no overlap between the rows, with regards to
the RangeBottom and RangeTop. If it were a data type besides
Money (which goes to 4 decimal places), there might be gaps
or overlap.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

52. Countries with suppliers or customers

Answer
Select Country From Customers
Union
Select Country From Suppliers
Order by Country

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
There are 2 ways of using the Union statement. One is a
simple Union as in the answer here. Using a simple Union
statement eliminates all the duplicates in the resultset.

You can also use Union All. Try it and take a look at the
resultset:
Select distinct Country From Customers
Union All
Select distinct Country From Suppliers
Order by Country

Notice that within the individual SQL statements, I’ve put a

Distinct. However, there are still duplicates in the final output,
because we have Union All, which doesn’t eliminate
duplicates.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

53. Countries with suppliers or customers, version
2

Answer
;With SupplierCountries as
(Select Distinct Country from Suppliers)
,CustomerCountries as
(Select Distinct Country from Customers)
Select
SupplierCountry = SupplierCountries .Country
,CustomerCountry = CustomerCountries .Country
From SupplierCountries
Full Outer Join CustomerCountries
on CustomerCountries.Country = SupplierCountries.Country

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
The Full Outer join isn’t commonly used, but in certain
situations it’s critical. Another way that these queries could
have been joined is via a derived table, like below.
Select
SupplierCountry = SupplierCountries .Country
,CustomerCountry = CustomerCountries .Country
From (Select Distinct Country from Suppliers) SupplierCountries
Full Outer Join (Select Distinct Country from Customers) CustomerCountries
on CustomerCountries.Country = SupplierCountries.Country

In this instance, you get the identical output to the CTE

option, but I think the CTE option is easier to read.
Why are CTEs, in general, easier to read? The main reason is
that the code can be more logically structured, and read from
top to bottom without needing to jump around to different
sections. See this article (http://www.essentialsql.com/non-
recursive-ctes/) for more details.
Are CTEs always the answer? No, not always. The main case
in which you should switch from a CTE to something else (for
instance, a table variable or temporary table) would be when
you need to reference the results of the select statement
multiple times, in a longer piece of code

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

54. Countries with suppliers or customers - version
3

Answer
;With SupplierCountries as
(Select Country , Total = Count(*) from Suppliers group by Country)
,CustomerCountries as
(Select Country , Total = Count(*) from Customers group by Country)
Select
Country = isnull( SupplierCountries.Country, CustomerCountries.Country)
,TotalSuppliers= isnull(SupplierCountries.Total,0)
,TotalCustomers= isnull(CustomerCountries.Total,0)
From SupplierCountries
Full Outer Join CustomerCountries
on CustomerCountries.Country = SupplierCountries.Country

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
Note that we had to switch from Distinct to Group By in the
CTE, because we needed to get the total with Count(*), for
which you need to do a Group By.
The Full Outer type join is not very commonly used, but in
some situations, it’s the only thing that will get the results we
want.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

55. First order in each country

Answer
;with OrdersByCountry as
(
Select
ShipCountry
,CustomerID
,OrderID
,OrderDate = convert(date, OrderDate)
,RowNumberPerCountry =
Row_Number()
over (Partition by ShipCountry Order by ShipCountry, OrderID)
From Orders
)
Select
ShipCountry
,CustomerID
,OrderID
,OrderDate
From OrdersByCountry
Where
RowNumberPerCountry = 1
Order by
ShipCountry

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
Before Window functions were available, in previous versions
of SQL Server, there were other options to get the same
results.
The below returns the same resultset as we got with the
Row_Number() function:
;with FirstOrderPerCountry as (
Select
ShipCountry
,MinOrderID = min(OrderID)
From Orders
Group by
ShipCountry)
Select
Orders.ShipCountry
,CustomerID
,OrderID
from FirstOrderPerCountry
Join Orders
on Orders.OrderID = FirstOrderPerCountry.MinOrderID
Order by
Orders.ShipCountry

However, what if we had wanted to order by something else,

and not the OrderID? For instance, the ShippedDate? Since
ShippedDate isn’t a unique value like OrderID, we would not
have been able to join on it.
There are workarounds for this issue, but a Window function
is definitely easier.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

56. Customers with multiple orders in 5 day period

Answer
Select
InitialOrder.CustomerID
,InitialOrderID = InitialOrder.OrderID
,InitialOrderDate = convert(date, InitialOrder.OrderDate)
,NextOrderID = NextOrder.OrderID
,NextOrderDate = convert(date, NextOrder.OrderDate)
,DaysBetween = datediff(dd, InitialOrder.OrderDate, NextOrder.OrderDate)
from Orders InitialOrder
join Orders NextOrder
on InitialOrder.CustomerID = NextOrder.CustomerID
where
InitialOrder.OrderID < NextOrder.OrderID
and datediff(dd, InitialOrder.OrderDate, NextOrder.OrderDate) <= 5
Order by
InitialOrder.CustomerID
,InitialOrder.OrderID

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
Including multiple instances of a table is one way of finding
the answer we need.
When aliasing tables and columns, be careful to name them
something meaningful, that you can read and understand your
SQL.

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

57. Customers with multiple orders in 5 day period,
version 2

Answer
;With NextOrderDate as (
Select
CustomerID
,OrderDate = convert(date, OrderDate)
,NextOrderDate =
convert(
date
,Lead(OrderDate,1)
OVER (Partition by CustomerID order by CustomerID, OrderDate)
)
From Orders
)
Select
CustomerID
,OrderDate
,NextOrderDate
,DaysBetweenOrders = DateDiff (dd, OrderDate, NextOrderDate)
From NextOrderDate
Where
DateDiff (dd, OrderDate, NextOrderDate) <= 5

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

Discussion
There’s two main ways of solving this problem, the first using
multiple instances of the table (which we did in the first
version of the problem), and the other using Window
functions.
Which is better? If we’re okay with getting a narrower
resultset, I’d prefer this version, using the Lead window
function, instead of the previous solution.
But if we need multiple columns from the following order,
then it’s best to use the first version. Otherwise, you’d need
multiple calculated columns with the same Partition and Order
by.
Notice that the row count between the 2 answers are slightly
different, 71 and 69. You can use this SQL to look at one
difference in more detail.
Select
CustomerID
,OrderID
,OrderDate
From Orders
Where
CustomerID = 'ERNSH'
Order by
CustomerID
,OrderID

What causes the difference between the 2 answers?

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

******ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*******
Congratulations!

You’re finished! If you have a moment, I would really

appreciate a review of the book on Amazon.com
(https://www.amazon.com/SQL-Practice-Problems-learn-
doing/dp/1540422658). Your honest opinon can help people
decide between the many SQL learning options available.
Now that you’ve completed the practice problems, you’ve
improved your SQL skills tremendously. If you’ve just read
through the book without actually writing out the SQL—that’s
a great start! I encourage you to go through the problems
again, this time actually working out the SQL, and not looking
at the answers and hints unless you need to.

Any comments and sugggestions are most welcome! Please

email me at:
[email protected].

Thank you!
Sylvia Moestl Vasilik

ebook converter DEMO Watermarks*

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