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Linux Basics

The document summarizes the basic file system and directories of Linux, as well as some common terminal commands. It describes where key programs and files are stored, such as /bin for basic programs and /etc for configuration files. It then lists and explains common commands for navigating the file system, copying and moving files, viewing file contents, and updating software packages. These commands include ls, cd, cp, mv, rm, and apt-get update.

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Prachi Kakkad
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37 views2 pages

Linux Basics

The document summarizes the basic file system and directories of Linux, as well as some common terminal commands. It describes where key programs and files are stored, such as /bin for basic programs and /etc for configuration files. It then lists and explains common commands for navigating the file system, copying and moving files, viewing file contents, and updating software packages. These commands include ls, cd, cp, mv, rm, and apt-get update.

Uploaded by

Prachi Kakkad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linux

Basics
Basic File System Of Linux
Directory Data Stored In It
/bin Basic programs ( ls , cd , mv , etc. )
/sbin System programs ( fdisk , sysctl , mkfs , etc. )
/etc Configuration Files
/temp Temporary Files
/usr/bin Applications ( apt , Nmap , etc. )
/usr/share Application Support And Data Files
/home Personal Directories Of Users
/root Home Directory Of Super User ( Admin )

Basic Linux Terminal Commands


Commands Use
sudo su Grants root privileges
clear Clears the terminal
man [command Shows the complete manual of that
Name] command or program
ls Lists all the folders and files of a
directory
dir Same as ‘ ls ’
cd [Directory Name] Changes the directory
pwd Prints the path of the working
directory
mkdir Creates a directory
cp [File Name] Copy a file
[Directory Name]
cp -R [Source Folder] Copy a directory

1
Linux
[Destination Folder]
mv [File Name]
Basics Move a file
[Directory Name]
mv [Directory Name1] Move a folder
[Directory Name2]
rm [File Name] Remove ( delete ) a file
rm [Directory Name] Remove ( delete ) a folder
cat [File Name] Shows the content of a file
chmod Helps in changing directory or file
permission ( see man chmod for
more )
./[File Name] Executes Shell File
bash Executes Shell Program
apt-get update Update Package
apt-get upgrade Update all installed software
top Shows Linux processes
kill [PID] Terminate Process Manually
w Shows who is logged in and what is
user doing
whoami Displays username of current user
touch [File Name] Create Empty File

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