Discipline:Theory Ofenglishlanguage Siw:Prepare A Report of Outstanding Phonetician

L. N.
Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Discipline:Theory ofEnglishlanguage
SIW:Prepare a report of outstanding phonetician
Student
Bazarbayeva Malika
FL-22
Checked :
Latanova Raisa Uapovna
Astana
2022
Plan:
1. Introduction
2. Biography
3. Contribution to phonetics
4. Conclusion
5. Reference
Introduction
Sweet has retained a reputation as "the man who taught Europe phonetics". His
work established an applied linguistics tradition in language teaching which has
continued without interruption to the present day. Sweet published works on larger
issues of phonetics and grammar in language and the teaching of languages. Many
of his ideas have remained influential, and a number of his works continue to be in
print, being used as course texts at colleges and universities. Sweet published
works on larger issues of phonetics and grammar in language and the teaching of
language. Many of his ideas have remained influential, and a number of his works
continue to be in print, being used as course texts at colleges and universities.
Biography
Henry Sweet was born in St. Pancras in London.(15 September 1845). He was

educated at Bruce Castle School and King's College Scholl, London In 1864, he
spent a short time studying at Heidelberg University Upon his return to England,
he took up an office job with a trading company in London. Five years later, aged
twenty-four, he won a scholarship in German and entered Balliol
College in Oxford
Sweet neglected his formal academic coursework, concentrating instead on
pursuing excellence in his private studies. Early recognition came in his first year
at Oxford, when the prestigious Philological Society (of which he was later to
become president) published a paper of his on Old English In 1871, still an
undergraduate, he edited King Alfred's translation of the Cura Pastorals for
the Early English Text Society (King Alfred's West-Saxon Version of Gregory's
Pastoral Care: With an English Translation, the Latin Text, Notes, and an
Introduction), his commentary establishing the foundation for Old
English dialectology He graduated, nearly thirty years old, with a fourth-class
degree in literae humaniores Subsequent works on Old English included An
Anglo-Saxon Reader (1876), The Oldest English Texts (1885) and A Student's
Dictionary of Anglo-Saxon (1896).
Sweet, like his contemporary Walter Sket, felt under particular pressure from
German scholars in English studies who, often state-employed, tenured, and
accompanied by their comitatus of eager graduate students, "annexed" the
historical study of English. Dismayed by the "swarms of young program-mongers
turned out every year by German universities," he felt that "no English dilettante
can hope to compete with them—except by Germanizing himself and losing all his
nationality."
Despite the recognition he received for his scholarly work, Sweet never received a
university professorship, a fact that disturbed him greatly, although he was
appointed reader. He had done poorly as a student at Oxford, he had annoyed many
people through bluntness, and he failed to make every effort to gather official
support. His relationship with the Oxford University Press was often strained.
Sweet died on 30 April 1912 in Oxford, of pernicious anemia; he left no children.
Contribution to phonetics
\In 1877, Sweet published A Handbook of Phonetics, which attracted international

attention among scholars and teachers of English in Europe. This book is a
replication of a book originally published before 1877. It has been restored by
human beings, page by page, so that you may enjoy it in a form as close to the
original as possible.Another his work related to phonetics is “A Primer Of
Phonetics” This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important,
and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was
reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as
possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps
(as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around
the world), and other notations in the work.
This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly
other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this
work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the
work.
As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred

pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this
work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally
available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and
thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and
relevant.
He also formulates the distinction between phonemic and allophonic
transcriptions. He followed up with the Elementarbuch des gesprochenen
Englisch (1885), which was subsequently adapted as A Primer of Spoken
English (1890). This included the first scientific description of educated London
speech, later known as received pronunciation, with specimens of connected
speech represented in phonetic script. In addition, he developed a version
of shorthand called Current Shorthand, which had both orthographic and phonetic
modes. His emphasis on spoken language and phonetics made him a pioneer
in language teaching, a subject which he covered in detail in The Practical Study of
Languages (1899). In 1901, Sweet was made reader in phonetics at Oxford. The
Sounds of English (1908) was his last book on English pronunciation.
From 1870 to 1877, in a series of articles and review articles on general linguistics
alongside his work in Old English and phonetics, Henry Sweet waged a campaign
against prejudice in language study. The time was right for such an enterprise: the
world of the Education Act (1870), the reform of Latin teaching, the debate on
spelling reform, the popularization of science by Huxley and Tylor. Sweet sought
to persuade the world of the errors of the ‘visual conception of language’
maintained by educated people in his own time, and he argued for the phonetic
observation of the natural sentence as the foundation of language study. In these
years Sweet developed new approaches to the phonology of medieval English
(1872, 1874), the close description of the sounds of foreign languages such as
Danish (1873), the most efficient methods for the ‘synthetic’ study of a foreign
language (1877). Most radical, perhaps, is his attempt ‘to upset some of the
conventional dogmas of philology, logic, grammar, partly by means of a consistent
phonetic analysis, and to explain the real meaning of the parts of speech’ (Sweet,
‘Words, Logic and Grammar’, 1876). In short, scientific observation must triumph:
we must learn ‘to observe things as they are without regard to their origin’.
The present work, first published in 1877, inspired European interest in phonetic
studies. Sweet presents a general theory of phonetics, illustrated by examples of
transcription from various languages.
He also formulates the distinction between phonemic and allophonic transcriptions
Conclusion
Henry Sweet (1845-1912) produced work that was regarded as seminal,
particularly in Germany, where he received greater academic recognition than in
England. His textbooks on Old English have long been considered standard works.
As well as theoretical and historical studies, he also became involved in more
practical aspects of linguistics, devising a new kind of shorthand, discussing
spelling reform, and promoting the teaching and learning of modern languages. He
played a role in the early history of the Oxford English Dictionary and edited
several works for the Early English Text Society. Shaw's Professor Higgins in
Pygmalion is believed to be based at least partly on Sweet. Despite the recognition
he received for his scholarly work, Sweet never received a university
professorship, a fact that disturbed him greatly, although he was appointed reader.
References
 Sweet, Henry: A Manual of Current Shorthand, Orthographic and
Phonetic (Oxford: Clarendon, 1892). Online version from Rider University
 The Columbia Encyclopedia,
 SWEET, Henry MA, PhD, LLD", in Who Was Who 1897–1915 (London: A.
& C. Black, 1988 reprint, ISBN 0-7136-2670-4)
 Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language

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L. N.

Gumilyov Eurasian National University

Henry Sweet was born in St. Pancras in London.(15 September 1845). He was

\In 1877, Sweet published A Handbook of Phonetics, which attracted international

As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred

He also formulates the distinction between phonemic and allophonic transcriptions

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