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    Research Capsule

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    1. The research proposal examines the perceived performance in policy-making of female city councilors in San Pedro, Laguna from 2013-2021 using a qualitative approach. 2. The literature review discusses the history of women's participation in Philippine politics and the importance of female representation in local government. Studies show that female legislators tend to support more progressive policies that address everyday hardships faced by women. 3. The proposal will use Postmodern Legal Feminism as a theoretical framework to analyze if policies made were gender-neutral or addressed gender-specific issues.

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    Research Capsule

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    1. The research proposal examines the perceived performance in policy-making of female city councilors in San Pedro, Laguna from 2013-2021 using a qualitative approach. 2. The literature review discusses the history of women's participation in Philippine politics and the importance of female representation in local government. Studies show that female legislators tend to support more progressive policies that address everyday hardships faced by women. 3. The proposal will use Postmodern Legal Feminism as a theoretical framework to analyze if policies made were gender-neutral or addressed gender-specific issues.

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    1. The research proposal examines the perceived performance in policy-making of female city councilors in San Pedro, Laguna from 2013-2021 using a qualitative approach. 2. The literature review discusses the history of women's participation in Philippine politics and the importance of female representation in local government. Studies show that female legislators tend to support more progressive policies that address everyday hardships faced by women. 3. The proposal will use Postmodern Legal Feminism as a theoretical framework to analyze if policies made were gender-neutral or addressed gender-specific issues.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    45 views2 pages

    Research Capsule

    Uploaded by

    The Flip
    1. The research proposal examines the perceived performance in policy-making of female city councilors in San Pedro, Laguna from 2013-2021 using a qualitative approach. 2. The literature review discusses the history of women's participation in Philippine politics and the importance of female representation in local government. Studies show that female legislators tend to support more progressive policies that address everyday hardships faced by women. 3. The proposal will use Postmodern Legal Feminism as a theoretical framework to analyze if policies made were gender-neutral or addressed gender-specific issues.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    1

    Date Completed: September 21, 2021


    Arellano University
    JAS Campus, Pasay City
    Signature of the of the
    adviser:_________________________
    Capsule Research Proposal Prototype
    Group Members ECHAS Marie Catherine Bandiola
    Last Name First Name Middle Name
    Field of
    Political Science
    Specialization
    Research
    QUALITATIVE
    Approach
    Research
    Narrative
    Research Attributes Method/Design
    1. Document Collection
    Corpus of Data 2. Content Analysis
    3. Interview
    Research Domain Policy-Making of Women in Local Politics
    Research
    Foci/Parameters/ Postmodern Legal Feminism
    Phenomenon

    Project Title: A Political Comparison on the Perceived Performance in Policy-Making of City


    (as proposed by the student) Councilors in San Pedro, Laguna from 2013-2021
    Research Journals/
    ● Aguilar, C. (1990). Women in politics in the philippines. Philippine Political
    Articles/Books
    Reviewed (follow the Science Journal, 16(31-32), 39–74.
    APA Style) https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01154451.1990.9754163
    ● Alporha, V. C. (2022). Manuel L. Quezon and the Filipino women’s suffrage
    movement of 1937. Plaridel, 19(1), 115-141. https://doi.org/10.52518/2021-
    08valpor
    ● Beaman, L., Duflo, E., Pande, R., & Topalova, P. (2012). Female leadership
    raises aspirations and educational attainment for girls: A policy experiment in
    india. Science, 335(6068), 582–586.
    https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1212382
    ● Chattopadhyay, R., & Duflo, E. (2004). Women as Policy Makers: Evidence
    from a Randomized Policy Experiment in India. Econometrica, 72(5), 1409–
    1443. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3598894
    ● Frug, M. J. (1992). Postmodern legal feminism. Routledge.

    ● Hessami, Z., & da Fonesca, M. L. (2020). Female political representation and


    substantive effects on policies: A literature review. European Journal of
    Political Economy, 63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2020.101896
    ● Hicks, D., Hicks, J. H., & Maldonado, B. (2016). Women as policy makers and
    donors: Female legislators and foreign aid. European Journal of Political
    Economy, 41, 46–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2015.10.007
    ● Hooks, B. (2000). Feminism is for everybody: Passionate politics. Pluto Press.

    ● Kendall, M. (2021). Hood feminism: Notes from the women that a movement
    forgot. Penguin Books.
    ● Manne, K. (2017). Down girl: The logic of misogyny. Oxford University Press.

    ● Nickerson, C. (2022, August 8). Postmodern feminism theory. Simply


    Sociology. https://simplysociology.com/postmodern-feminism.html
    ● Pande, R. (1999). Minority Representation and Policy Choices: The
    Significance of Legislator Identity. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1126985
    ● Republic Act No. 7192 (PH.) Retrieved from: https://pcw.gov.ph/republic-
    act-9710-magna-carta-of-women/
    ● Republic Act No. 9710 (PH.) Retrieved from: https://neda.gov.ph/wp-
    content/uploads/2020/01/RA-7192-IRR.pdf
    ● Schofield, T., & Goodwin, S. (2005). Gender politics and public policy
    making: Prospects for advancing gender equality. Policy and Society, 24(4),
    2

    25–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1449-4035(05)70067-9
    ● Swers, M. (2001). Understanding the Policy Impact of Electing Women:
    Evidence from Research on Congress and State Legislatures. PS: Political
    Science and Politics, 34(2), 217–220. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1350206
    ● Tapales, P. D. (2005). Women in Contemporary Philippine Local Politics.
    UCLA: Center for Southeast Asian Studies. Retrieved from
    https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zk78303
    ● Valente, J., & Moreno, F. (2014, August 15). Women’s Representation in
    Local Politics: Evidence from the Philippines. National Food Authority,
    Philippines, Alliance for International Education. https://mpra.ub.uni-
    muenchen.de/57903/1/MPRA_paper_57903.pdf
    Selection City Councilors of San Pedro, Laguna from 2013-2021
    “As a man, you should try living in this world as a woman.” - Sen. Risa Hontiveros
    (2019)
    Women’s History in Philippine Politics
    Historically, women weren’t seen as equals in most sectors and most
    importantly they were viewed as supplemental characters. During our
    country’s fight for independence from colonizers in the 1900’s, the majority
    of political leaders didn’t seem to view the rights of women as part of the
    independence that they are aspiring for. (Alporha, 2022) Eventually in 1973,
    the law that enabled women to participate in the electoral process was
    passed despite numerous setbacks from the national legislative branch.
    Participation of Women in the Local Legislation
    Eventually this privilege of enacting laws that would answer to the needs of
    women were localized through the Local Government Code in 1991. (Valente
    et.al, 2014) This set of laws basically empowers the basic political unit to
    formulate policies and strategies that would better improve the welfare of
    their locals. In doing so, one can ask; “what is the importance of female
    representation in this?”
    Review of Literature
    Female Representation
    (Synoptic and
    Despite some of the female legislators during the 1973 Suffrage Act being
    Argumentative
    hesitant on its importance, studies still revealed that women tend to lead
    more toward liberal and progressive policies. This usually is a result of them
    being used to the everyday hardships of simply being a woman regardless of
    the socio-economic status of a country. (Kendall, 2021)
    Responsibilities of a Legislator
    In any country or state, the law is one of the tenets that protects the rights of
    the people as well as sets rules that will in turn enable everyone to live
    harmoniously. The legislative process, may it be local or national, can opt to
    write laws that are in support of preceding codes or implementing them.
    Theoretical Framework
    In 1992, Frug introduced a new approach to feminism where the law is viewed
    as an instrument that will truly create equity across all genders. Postmodern
    Legal Feminism believes that the law must not be gender-specific, but rather
    the language used in creating them must be addressed. This theory will help
    the researcher have awareness of the performance of the city councilors in
    San Pedro, Laguna by understanding the language and description they use in
    crafting their authored ordinances.
    What are the significant differences in the ordinances authored between
    male and female city councilors?
    1. Is there a difference between the laws authored by male councilors
    and female councilors?
    2. Do city councilors advocate for all sectors regardless of gender?
    Central Question 3. Are the laws authored by female councilors actually pave the way for
    equality between men and women in society?
    4. How significant are the changes in the city brought about by women-
    authored ordinances?
    5. Why is it important to have female representation in the local
    legislative process?

    SAMPLE QUESTIONS DRAFT:


    1. What were your major advocacies during your campaign period?
    2. What’s the first ordinance you have authored in your term as a city councilor?
    Interview Guide/
    3. What are some of the ordinances that you have sponsored/co-authored?
    Survey
    4. How do you determine whether an ordinance is aligned in your
    Questionnaire
    advocacies/principles?
    5. What sectors do you usually prioritize in crafting ordinances?

    Note: Kindly edit before accomplishing. Please delete the information stated in each question.

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