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    Tutorial 3

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    veadesh suresh
    This document contains 8 problems about damped harmonic oscillators and driven harmonic oscillators from a physics tutorial. It discusses concepts like damping constants, decay parameters, critical damping, resonance frequencies, and using the harmonic oscillator model to analyze an LCR circuit driven by an alternating current source.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Tutorial 3

    Uploaded by

    veadesh suresh
    21 views2 pages
    This document contains 8 problems about damped harmonic oscillators and driven harmonic oscillators from a physics tutorial. It discusses concepts like damping constants, decay parameters, critical damping, resonance frequencies, and using the harmonic oscillator model to analyze an LCR circuit driven by an alternating current source.

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    PH1010

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    This document contains 8 problems about damped harmonic oscillators and driven harmonic oscillators from a physics tutorial. It discusses concepts like damping constants, decay parameters, critical damping, resonance frequencies, and using the harmonic oscillator model to analyze an LCR circuit driven by an alternating current source.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views2 pages

    Tutorial 3

    Uploaded by

    veadesh suresh
    This document contains 8 problems about damped harmonic oscillators and driven harmonic oscillators from a physics tutorial. It discusses concepts like damping constants, decay parameters, critical damping, resonance frequencies, and using the harmonic oscillator model to analyze an LCR circuit driven by an alternating current source.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

    INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MADRAS

    PH1010 Physics I Tutorial 3 Before Midterm

    Note: The notation used in Morin will be adopted below, it is slightly diffierent from
    that in Taylor for example. Thus mẍ + bẋ + kx = 0 is the equation for a dissipative harmonic
    oscillator. This is converted
    √ 2 to ẍ + 2γ ẋ + ω 2 x = 0. Thus γ is the “damping constant” (β in
    Taylor). Also Ω = ω − γ 2 .
    1. The decay parameter governs
    √ the eventual decay rate of oscillations. Verify that the
    decay parameter is γ − γ 2 − ω 2 in the case of overdamped oscillations and verify that
    it decreases with increasing γ. Sketch its behavior for ω < γ < ∞.

    2. There are several ways of showing that a second solution in the critical damping case
    is te−γt . For γ < ω the two solutions are x1 (t) = e−γt cos(Ωt) and x2 (t) = e−γt sin(Ωt).
    Show that as γ → ω the first solution tends to e−γt , while the second tends to 0. Now
    notice that x2 /Ω is also a good solution and show that as γ → ω this goes to the
    advertized te−γt .

    3. As the damping of an oscillator is increased there comes a point where the name
    “oscillator” seems barely appropriate. (a) To illustrate this, prove that a critically
    damped oscillator can never pass through the origin more than once. (b) Prove the
    same for an overdamped oscillator.

    4. Consider a damped oscillator, with fixed natural frequency ω and fixed damping con-
    stant γ (not too large), that is driven by a sinusoidal force with variable
    √ frequency ωd .
    Show that the amplitude of the response is maximum when ωd = ω 2 − 2γ 2 .

    5. Calculate the time average of kinetic and potential energies of a simple harmonic
    oscillator over one cycle and show that these quantities are equal. Does your calculation
    make physical sense? If so, why is this a reasonable result. Now, calculate the spatial
    average of the kinetic and potential energies, and discuss your results.

    6. Consider a damped oscillator, with natural frequency ω and damping constant γ, both
    fixed. that is driven by a force F (t) = F0 cos(ωd t). (a) Find the rate P (t) at which
    F (t) does work and show that the average rate hP i over any number of cycles mγωd2 A2
    whereA is the amplitude of the oscillations. Verify that this is the same as the average
    rate at which energy is lost to the resistive force. (c) Show that as ωd is varied hP i is
    maximum when ωd = ω; that is, the resonance of the power occurs exactly at ωd = ω.

    7. An undamped oscillator of unit mass and natural frequency ω0 is subjected to a ramp-


    like driving force F (t):

    F (t) = 0 t < 0
    F (t) = F0 (t/T ) 0 ≤ t ≤ T
    F (t) = F0 t > T

    1
    The initial conditions are x(0) = 0, ẋ(0) = 0. Find the amplitude of the oscillations at
    t > T.

    8. An LCR circuit is driven by a source of alternating current which produces an emf


    E = E0 sin ωd t. The equation of motion of the LCR circuit is given by:
    R 1 E0
    q̈ + q̇ + q= sin ωd t.
    L LC L
    Here, q is the charge flowing trough the circuit, R the resistance, L the inductance,
    and C the capacitance inherent in the LCR circuit. The equation of motion for the
    LCR circuit bears a marked resemblance to the damped and driven harmonic oscillator
    that you have discussed in class. Using this resemblance
    (a) Identify the natural frequency of the system and the damping parameter.
    (b) Derive an expression for the current I(t), at late times (well after the initial
    condition-dependent transient terms have died out).1
    (c) Plot the maximum current Imax (ω), derived in (b) above, as a function of the driving
    frequency ω.

    1
    In this case, this means that you should focus entirely on the particular solution.

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