MPMOST 2023: December 15, 2022

General Directions:

• Provide your answers in simplest forms. Do not approximate your answers (i.e., if your answer

contains square roots or π, leave them in the simplest form possible).

• The use of calculators, computer programs, online software and the like are strictly prohibited.

• All figures are not drawn to scale unless stated otherwise.

• Solutions are not required; however, if you want to let the checkers look into a solution on a certain

item, you may include it (optional). Partial points may be awarded.

Part I. (2 points each)

1. Given a recurrence relation {an }n≥1 , a1 = 1 and an = (an−1 )2 + 1 for positive integers n ≥ 2. Find

the smallest integer value of n such that an > 20232 .

2. How many elements of the set {1, 2, 3, · · · , 2022} share a common factor with 2023?

3. Find the value of x + y given that:

53x−y = 125

4x+3y = 128

4. It is known that a 500 mL soju has a 15% alcohol content. Lucy’s parents do not allow her to

consume anything with an alcohol content of more than 3%, and thus Lucy decides to dilute the

bottle of soju with n mL of soda (with 0% alcohol content). Find the minimum value of n so that

Lucy will be allowed to drink the resulting mixture.

5. Citizens of Kennedy Town are called Kennies. Kennies use a weird unit of measurement distinct
√
from ours called kennemeters (knm). It is known that 19 cm = 1 knm. Mylo has sent a package

in the shape of a rectangular prism (as shown below) to Lefinno, who is a kenny. After Lefinno

receives the package, he measures the surface area to be x knm2 . Find the value of x.

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 6. Gaudi can finish painting a room alone in a hours, while his friend, Hatim, can do the same task

alone in 14 hours. Working together, they can finish the task in an integer number of hours. Find

the sum of all possible value(s) of a.

7. In the figure below, Q is rotated counterclockwise about R by 45◦ , ending at P . Find the coordinates

of P .

8. Given that x, y, z are integers satisfying:

x2 + yz = z 2 + xy = 408

y 2 + zx = 338

Find all possible value(s) of xyz.

9. Let d1 < d2 < · · · < dk be the factors of 20233 . Find the number of the positive divisors of d14 d15 .

10. In the given figure, the blue segment, with length d, bisects the blue angle. Find d.

11. Evaluate: sin 33◦ sin 36◦ sin 57◦ + sin 24◦ sin 27◦ sin 63◦

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12. An n-alpine number is an n-digit positive integer (n is odd) such that the digits are strictly

increasing from the first to the middle, and are strictly decreasing from the middle to the last.

Note that 12321, 294, 9, and 1467310 are all valid 5-alpine, 3-alpine, 1-alpine, 7-alpine numbers,

respectively. How many 9-alpine numbers are there?

13. Moira and Debin decide to play a game using the contents of a bag. The bag contains 675 balls

with the numbers, 1, 4, 7, · · · , 2023 labelled on them (each ball has a unique number). Moira

starts by picking a ball from the bag. Afterwards, Debin picks another ball from the remainder of

the balls in the bag. Debin will win the game if the difference between the squares of the numbers

on the two balls selected is equal to 51, and Moira will win otherwise. Assume that both players

are not allowed to look in the bag while picking the balls. Find the probability that Moira will win

the game.

14. Given that p, q, r, s satisfy the following equations:

69
p2 + q 2 + r2 + s2 =
4

1
p+q+r+s=
2

pqrs = 3

1 1 1 1 2
+ + + =−
p q r s 3

Find the value of |p| + |q| + |r| + |s|.

15. The DAM girls, Dinethi, Aishani and Min Xuan are on different locations on the cartesian plane.

Their locations (in order) are at D(−1, 1), A(2, 13), M (3, 0). They agreed to meet at a certain point

P in the plane such that (DP )2 + (AP )2 + (M P )2 is minimized. Suppose they will have to travel

a distance of d, a, m, respectively, to reach P . Who will have to travel the furthest, and how far

would she have to travel?

–END OF PART I–

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Part II. (5 points each)

1. How many ways are there to arrange the letters of the word CAUSEWAYBAY such that no two

A’s are adjacent to each other?

2. Let Ω be the circle that passes through A(6069, 0), B(0, 6069) and C(2023, 0). The tangents to the
AT
circle at points A, B and C enclose a region with area AT . If △ABC has area A, find .
A

3. Between 11:00 AM to 1:00 PM, Lem and Amber each went to Kong Hong Plaza for lunch. The

two people spent a total of 20 and 30 mins, strictly in the given time frame, respectively at the

same restaurant. It is known that Lem came to Kong Hong Plaza first, and both are unaware of

each other’s presence at Kong Hong Plaza. What is the probability that there was a time where

both were eating at the same restaurant?

4. Let R be the set of integers n such that |n| is prime. Given that p, q ∈ R satisfy:

p3 + 3q 3 = 6934

Find the sum of all possible value(s) of p + q + 2000.

5. Evaluate:
3 1 1 3 1 1
+ + + + + + ···
16 10 16 70 32 42

AC 3
6. Two circles are tangent to the x-axis at A and B. OC = 5, AB = 12, and = . Given the
AB 4
figure below, find the perimeter of △OAB.

7. Let N be the largest 9797-digit positive integer that is a multiple of 2023. Find the sum of the

digits of N .

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 8. Audrey and Brigette are playing a game of tic-tac-toe-tay (similar to the classic 3 × 3 tic-tac-toe

game). Players take turns placing chips of their representation on the board, and try to form a

straight line of 4 chips. Audrey goes first (using dino chips), Brigette goes second (using bridge

chips). In contrast to the original tic-tac-toe game, the game will not end until both players have

placed 8 chips on the table, and the number of points at the end of the round is determined by

the number of lines each player has formed. How many ending positions exist such that Audrey

and Brigette combined has at least two points? Some ending scenarios are presented below. (left:

Audrey gets 1 point and Brigette gets no points; right: both players get 1 point each.)

9. In △ABC, AF = 8 and EF = 7. Construct equilateral △ADE such that AD and AE coincides

with the sides of △ABC.

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It is known that cos ∠ABC = , and the circumcenter of △F BC lies on the line EG, which is
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perpendicular to DE. The area of the circumcircle of △F BE can be expressed as kπ where k is a

real nuumber. Find 20⌊k⌋ + 23.

10. The nth giron number (gn ) is given by the nth term of the sequence:

1, 6, 21, 46, 81, 126, 181, · · ·

Find the minimum value of k > 2023 such that gk is a perfect square.

–END OF PART II–