MATHEMATICS

Quarter 2 – Week 3
Deriving Inductively The Relations Among Chords,
Arcs, Central And Inscribed Angles

Project CLEAR
Division of Oriental Mindoro
Deriving Inductively The Relations Among Week
Chords, Arcs, Central And Inscribed Angles
Module 3 3
In this module, you will learn to identify the significant relationship among chords,
central angle, inscribed angle intercepted arc, and other parts of a circle. Through this,
you will gain a wider understanding of the angles formed in a circle, how they are
measured, and how they are related to one another. This module will also provide a
concrete picture of the compositions of a circle.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to derive inductively the
relations among chords, arcs, central angles and inscribed angles.
Moreover, you are expected to
1. define and identify chords, arcs, central angles and inscribed angles;
2. describe inductively the relationships between circles; and
3. apply theorems of chords, arcs, and angles in solving problem.

What I Know

PRE-ASSESSMENT (Pre-Test)

Multiple Choice

Directions. Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
your answer on the space provided before each number. Take note of the
items that you were not able to answer correctly and find the right answer
as you go through this module.

______1. ____ is an angle whose vertex is at the center of the circle.

A. Central Angle B. Inscribed Angle
C. Circumscribe Angle D. Intercepted Arc
______2. What is the sum of the measure of the central angles of a circle with no
common interior points?
A. 120° B. 360 °
C. 240 ° D. 480 °
______3. What expresses the relationship of the chords and arcs on the figure at the
right?
A. Congruent circles have
congruent chords.
B. Congruent chords have
congruent arcs.
C. Congruent arcs have
congruent chords.
D. Both B and C.
E. All of the above

Use the figure on the right to answer items 4-6.

______5. The following are the major arcs of the circle, except:

______
A. 30° B. 75°
C. 60° D. 250°
______7. If an inscribed angle of a circle intercepts a semicircle, then the angle is____.
A. acute B. right
C. obtuse D. straight
______8. If an angle inscribed in a circle has a measure of 64° , then its intercepted arc has a
measure of ____.
A. 32° B. 128°
C. 64° D. 164 °
______9. In circle O, what is the
if

A. 30°
B. 70°
C. 90°
D. 180°
______10. The measure of the inscribed angle is ______ to its intercepted arc.
A. Equal B. one-fourth
C. one-half D. not equal
Use the figure on the right to
answer items 11-12.
______11. In circle A, what is the m∠
RCB if m∠RAB=70
degrees?
A. 35° B. 60°
C. 70° D. 12°
______ 12. What is the

A. 35° B. 60°
C. 70° D. 120° °

______ 13. Having the same intercepted arc, the measure of the central angle is ____ the
measure of the inscribed angle.
A. one-half B. thrice
C. one-fourth D. twice
______ 14. In the same circle, congruent arcs have congruent _____.
A. Angles B. measures
C. chords D. radius
______ 15. The center of the circle on
the right is in the _____ of the inscribed
angle.

A. Exterior B. interior
C. on D. not

What’s In

Activity 1. Fun Word Search!

Find and cross out all the words related to circle listed below. The words may go
horizontally, vertically, diagonally and backwards. Have Fun!

M X B C M O P I A B D U C L W M
A E G U A T Y B W R J U R B K I
A L D N J L F A O D C M Y E G N
N C S Y O E E H E M V S N L S O
G R G Q R A C N F Y B S L G H R
L I T H A C J Z B H T E A N D A
E C F W R O Y A I P F B G A C R
S I N S C R I B E D A N G L E C
F M F Y L V T C W C V K K A N T
O E W Q P D R D L M K V X R T V
P S N A W E E L C R I C W T E G
H I H Z T I I Z D Q Y U X N R L
W L T N C O N G R U E N T E J Z
A B I A P C M G H D P B A C N S

arcs Circle center intercepts

 major arc inscribed angle minor arc semicircle
chord central angle congruent angles

What’s New

Activity 2. Imagine?
Before we discuss the mathematical definition of the chords, arcs, inscribed
angles and central angles, let us visualize it first. Give it a try and let us see how visual
you are!

Imagine that you are sitting on a bench at the center of a perfectly round garden.
There are three people in your family standing at different places around the garden.
One to your right, another to your left and the last one is in front of you. When a line is
drawn from you to the person in front of you and another line from you to the person on
your left, you formed a central angle. Amazing, isn’t it? Now, let us continue. When a
line is drawn from the person to your left to the person in front of you, that straight line is
what we called a chord. Therefore, a chord is a straight line from one point of the circle
to the other. How about arc? Arc is a curve shape, which is the distance around the
surface of the circular garden. When the person on your left runs toward the person on
your right while following the garden’s wall, then that person has created an arc. If you
draw two lines from the person on your left going to the person on your right and to the
person in front of you, it forms an inscribed angle.

How did you find the activity?

Activity 3. Be Creative

Directions: Perform the following activity then answer the questions that follow.
1. Draw a circle on a piece of paper using a compass.
2. Label the center as point D.
3. Draw a chord that is not a diameter, then label it as AC
4. Fold the paper so that A and C coincide, label this fold as diameter as BE .
Questions:
a. When the paper is folded, what statement can you make after comparing the lengths of

b. When the paper is folded, what statement can you make after comparing the lengths of

c. What could be the relationship between diameter BE and chord AC ?

 What is It

What would our lives be like without shapes and circles? Will we have the same
design of buses as our mode of transport? How about other vehicles, such as bikes and
personal cars? What if circles do not exist in the world of sports? What will athletes use
to compete in various sporting activities, such as basketball, tennis, volleyball, and the
like? How about the machines that run our production and exchange?

Circles, no doubt, play a huge part in our day-to-day lives. Circles are interesting.
Unlike any other shapes, these do not contain edges, but form arcs and angles. Circle is
a set of all points equidistant from a given point called center. It is named by its center
and indicated by the symbol ⊙. Example ⊙P can be read as circle with center P. The
measure of the entire circle is 360° .
Below are some of the terms related to circle. Find out the definitions and examples that
will help you identify and describe chords, arcs, central angles, inscribed angle and
intercepted arc.

Lesson
TERMS RELATED TO
1
Figure Discussion/ Explanation
CIRCLE
Terms Related to
Circle
Chord A chord is a segment which
endpoints are on a given circle.
A
D
B Example: segment AC or AC is a
chord of ⊙B.
C
Arcs Arc is a part of a circumference of
a circle. It is named by their
endpoints and can be read
clockwise or counter-clockwise.
A
The symbol for arc is .
D
Example:
B The curve from point D to point A
is an arc. Which can be read as
C
“arc DA or ”. Other example
of arcs in the left figure are
.

Types of Arc
Types of Arc Figure Explanation
Semicircle An arc with a measure equal to
A 1
one-half ( ) of the circumference
D 2
B of a circle. Its measure is 180° . It
C is named using two or three
endpoints of the arc.
Examples:

Minor arc It is an arc of a circle that

A measures less than a semicircle
or 180° . It is named using two
endpoints of the arc or three
D endpoints as long as it measures
B less than 180° .
C
Examples:

Example 2. What are the minor

arcs of circle B?
A Solution:
B C
D
Major arc It is an arc of a circle that
A measures greater than the
D semicircle. It measures greater
than 180° but less than 360° . To
B
indicate the major arc, we must
C include the point between the
endpoints of the arc.
Examples:

Example 2. What are the major

D arcs of circle B?
Solution:

A C

Intercepted arc is the arc that lies

Intercepted Arc in the interior of an angle and has
endpoints on the angle.

Example: is the intercepted

arc of angle ∠CAB .
 Example 2:
A
is the intercepted arc of angle
∠ ABC .

B
C

ANGLES
Central angle A central angle is an angle whose
A vertex is at the center of the circle.
Central
D angle The sides of the angle contain two
radii of the circle.
B
C
Example: angle ABC or ∠ ABC is
the central angle of ⊙B.

Inscribed angle is an angle whose

vertex is on the circle and whose
Inscribed Angle
sides contain chords of the circle.

Example:∠CAB is the inscribed

angle of the figure.

Points of the Inscribed Angle

P
G

A H
E
N S

P I

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

In Figure 1, the In Figure 2, the In Figure 3, the
center of the circle center of the circle center of the circle
is ON one side of is in the INTERIOR is in the EXTERIOR
the inscribed angle of the inscribed of the inscribed
or diameter of the angle. angle.
circle. ∠AGP is the ∠IHS is the
∠ PEN is the inscribed angle and inscribed angle and
inscribed angle and intercepts . intercepts .
intercepts .

Lesson

2 Arcs and Chords

 In the preceding lesson we learned that chords are the segments with endpoints
in the circle, while, Arcs are part of circles’ circumference. This lesson deals with Arcs
and Chords relationship. So, let’s get to it!

Theorems on Arcs and Chords

Theorem Diagram Example
Theorem 1. In the same
circle or in congruent
circles:
a. Congruent arcs have
congruent chords.
b. Congruent chords have
congruent arcs

Find the value of x .

and Find SC .
solutions:

are congruent arcs in the

congruent circles, so the
corresponding chords S C∧OT are
congruent.
SC ≅ OT
8 y−1=15 y−15
14=7 y
2= y

So, SC=8 ( 2 )−1=15

Theorem 2. A diameter or In circle C, AR is the diameter and

a radius is FT is a chord.
perpendicular to a If AR ⊥ FT , then FY ≅ YT XR ≅ XT
chord, and then it
bisects the chord and
its arc with the same
endpoints.
 In circle H, SR ⊥ EA . Find EA if the
measure of HE = 5in.
Solutions:
if HE ≅ HA , then
HA =5∈¿ .
EA =HE+ HA
EA=5∈+ 5∈¿
EA =10∈¿

Lesson

3 Arcs and Central Angles

The table below shows some of the relationships among arcs and central angles.
Take time to read and understand. Examples are provided.

Measure of Arc and Figures Mathematical symbol

Angles

The degree measure of a

minor arc is equal to the
measure of the central
angle which intercepts it.
The degree measure of a
major arc is equal to 360 °
minus the measure of the
minor arc or central angle.

90°

Its measure is 180° .

A semicircle is always
equal to half of the circle’s Example:
circumference. = 180°

Arc Addition Postulate

CHART TITLE
The sum of the measures of
Sum of the Measures of the central angles of a circle
the Central Angle with no common interior
1 2

3
points is 360 degrees.

In mathematical symbol; m
∠ 1 + m∠ 2+ m∠ 3 = 360°
Example. Refer to the figure
at the left. Find the m∠ DEI .
Solutions:
m∠ DEI + m∠ IEM + m
∠ DEM = 360°
m∠ DEI +35 ° + 205 ° = 360°
m∠ DEI + 240° = 360°
m∠ DEI = 120°
Congruent Circles and Congruent Arcs

Circles are congruent if their

radii are congruent.
Congruent Circles Example A:
BC is a radius of circle B.
NM is a radius of circle N.
If BC ≅ NM ,then ⊙B≅ ⊙N.

Example B:
MP is 3 cm in circle M and
XY is also 3 cm in circle N.
If MP ≅ XY ,then⊙M ≅ ⊙Y.

In a circle or congruent
circles, congruent arcs have
congruent measures.

Congruent Arcs

Lesson
Arcs and Inscribed
4
Recall on the Definition of Inscribed Angles and Intercepted Arcs

Angles
 Term Related to Circle Diagram Discussion
Inscribed angle is an angle
which vertex is on the
Inscribed Angle circle and sides contain
chords of the circle.

Example:∠ CAB is the

inscribed angle of the
figure.

Intercepted arc is the arc

that lies in the interior of an
Intercepted Arc
inscribed angle and has
endpoints on the angle.

Did you able to recall on what are inscribed angles and intercepted arcs? Now, let
us discuss the relationship between their relationships using the theorems below.

Theorems on Inscribed Angle

Theorem Diagram Example

Theorem 1. The measure
of the inscribed angle
is equal to one-half of
its intercepted arc (or
the measure of the
intercepted arc is twice
the measure of the
inscribed angle).
Theorem 2. If two
inscribed angles of a
circle intercept the
same arc, then the
angles are congruent.

Find the measure of ∠

NIE.
Solutions:

∠ NIE ≅ ∠ NVE
(10 x−4 )° =(7 x +2) °
3 x °=6
x ° =2
Therefore,
∠NIE = 10 ( 2 )−4 °
= (20 -4)°
= 16°

Theorem 3. If an inscribed
angle intercepts a
diameter or semicircle,
then the angle is a
right angle.

Find the value of x.

Solutions:
m∠ HIT = 90°
6 x ° = 90°
x = 15°
 Theorem 4. If a 1. Quadrilateral LPMO
quadrilateral is is inscribed in ⊙ N ,
inscribed in a circle, then
then its opposite ∠ M OL + ∠ LPM = 180
angles are ° and
supplementary. ∠ PMO + ∠ OLP = 180
°

Find the value of

∠ NTF .

Solutions:
∠ FON + ∠ NTF =180°

(5 y )° + (3 y +12)°
=180°

(8 y )° =168°
y =21°

Thus,
∠ NTF = (5 ( 21 )) °
= 105°

What’s More

Activity 4. You Complete Me!

Complete the following table. Use your skills in the previous discussion to answer
the following.

Terms Figure Example/s

Circle 1. ⊙P

2.
∠CBA
A
C
B

Semicircle 3.
A
D
B
C
Inscribed angle 4.
∠ KIT

5.

C U

T
E

Activity 5. Find and Fix It…

Find the measure of each item below. Refer to the figures at the left. Items 1and 2 is
already given.

if
Solutions:
Step 1. Find the value of x .

Theorem 1b

( 5 x ) °=¿ 85° substitution

x=¿ 17 Divide both sides by 5.

2.VE .
Solutions:
Step 1. Find the value of x .
Theorem 2
(8 x−5)°=( 3 x+10 ) ° substitution
5 x=15
x=3 Divide both sides by 5.

substitution

substitution
 3.Find

Given the ⊙ Bwith BD ⊥ AE .

AC=4 x−40 and CE=2 x +12.
Find;

4. AC
5. AE

A square is inscribed in the ⊙ E . Find

6.

7.

Activity 6. Can You Do It?

Find each measure of the following figures below.

1.

2.

3.
 What I Have Learned

Activity 7. Watch It Right!

Directions: Put a check () mark in the box if the statement is right and (X)
mark if it is not.

1. Arc is a part of a circumference of a circle.

2. In the same circle, congruent chords have congruent arcs.

3. A chord is an arc which endpoints are on a given circle.

4. Two circles are congruent if their radii are congruent.

5. A diameter is the longest chord in a circle.

6. Congruent arcs in the same circle, have congruent chords.

7. When the diameter is drawn in a circle, the chord is bisected.

8. Congruent chords in congruent circles have congruent arcs.

For items 9- 12, refer to the figure at the right.

9. ST is a diameter of the circle.

10. PM ≇ MA

11. If PA = 19 cm, then length of PM =38 cm .

12. ST is a bisector of .

13. A chord can be a radius.

14. When a diameter is drawn in a circle and is perpendicular to a

chord, the arc of the chord is bisected.

15. All diameters are chords, but not all chords are diameters.

Activity 8. Matchmaker!
Matching Type. Match column A to column B. Write the letter of your answer
on the space provided before each number. Use the given
figures as your reference and then answer the question that
follows.

11-15. Short Essay. What seems to be the relationship between an inscribed angle and
its intercepted arc? How about central angle and inscribed angle?
Explanation:

What I Can Do

Activity 9. Let’s Do More!

Perform the following activities.

a. Create a family budget plan. Make sure to cover that 360 degrees is a circle and is used
when calculating the angle measurement. Explain how you have applied your knowledge
about central angles and arcs of the circle in creating a graph.
b. In the circle graph, what is the measure of the central angle corresponding to each item?

c. Using the circle graph that you have made, formulate at least two problems involving arcs
and central angles, then solve
 Assessment

Multiple Choice
Directions. Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the
letter of on the space provided before each number.
______1. An angle whose vertex is on the circle and whose sides contain chords of the
circle.
A. arc B. inscribed angle
C. central angle D. semicircle
______2. An arc that lies inside the inscribed angle with endpoints on the angle is
called ______.
A. intercepted arc B. minor arc
C. major arc D. semicircle

Use the figure on the right to

answer items 3-4.

______3. ∠ DCA ∠ DCA is a

_____ of circle B.
A. central angle
B. chord
C. inscribed angle
D. intercepted arc

______4.

A. central angle B. minor arc

C. major arc D. semicircle
______5. If a quadrilateral is inscribed in a circle, then its opposite angles are ____
angle.
A. equal B. right
C. not equal D. supplementary
Use the figure on the right to answer item 6.
______6. In ⊙S at the right, find the value of x .
A. 30°
B. 60°
C. 90°
D. 120°

_____7. In a circle, if a diameter is _____ to a chord, then it bisects the chord and
its ______.
A. perpendicular, diameter A. congruent, angle
C. perpendicular, arc D. congruent, arc
_____8. What is the name of the longest chord in a circle?
A. diameter B. secant
 C. radius D. tangent
_____9. If the measure of the minor arc is 46° , then what would be the measure of
the major arc?

A. 270 ° B. 314 °
C. 292° D. 360 °
_____10. If the measure of ∠ ABC
= 9x and the measure

A. 35°
B. 45 °
C. 55 °
D. 75 °
_____11. If an angle inscribed in a circle has a measure of 32° , then its intercepted
arc has a measure of ____.

A. 32° B. 128°
C. 64° D. 164 °
For items 12-13, find the measure of the arc or central angle indicated in the
figure at the right.
_____12. What is the measure of

A. 30° B. 90°
C. 60° D. 120°

______13. What is the measure of

A. 27° B. 54°
C. 37° B. 74°

For items 14-15, refer to the figure on the right.

______14. In circle O, B
If the measure of ∠BTU = 45° , U
what is the measure of ∠
A
BEU? T
A. 25°
B. 45° E
C. 55°
D. 90°

______15. ∠BTU and ∠BEU Therefore, ∠ BTU _?_ ∠BEU.

A. congruent
B. complementary
C. none of the above
D. supplementary
 Additional Activities

Part I. Read each statement carefully, then identify whether the statement is True or
False. Write TRUE if the statement is correct, otherwise, write FALSE. Underline
the word that makes it incorrect and write the correct answer. Write your answer
on the space provided before each number.
_________1. The opposite angles of a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle are
supplementary.
_________2. If an inscribed angle intercepts a semicircle, it forms an obtuse angle.
_________3. If two inscribed angles of a circle intercept the same arc, then the angles
are not equal.

Part II. Perform the activity below.

4-5. Draw a quadrilateral KITE inscribed in a circle. Write two equations that shows the
relationship between the angles.
 Answer Keys

ACTIVITY 3

PRETEST

1. A
2. B
3. D
4. B
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. B
9. C
10. C
11. A
12. C
13. D
14. C
15. A

POST TEST

1. B
ACTIVITY 9
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. D
6. B ACTIVITY 6
7. C
8. A
9. B
10. B
11. C
12. B
13. C
14. B
ACTIVITY 8 ACTIVITY 7 ACTIVITY 5
15. A
Reference

Callanta, Melvin, et al. Mathematics Grade 10 Learners Module. 1. Edited by Maxima

Acelajado. Department of Education, 2015. Pp 127-17

Prepared by:
DIANA ROSE B. LATAYAN
Domingo Yu Chu NHS