RO_MIMAROPA_WS_Science8_Q4

Science 8
Fourth Quarter
First Week

Lesson: The Digestive System

MELC: Explain ingestion, absorption, assimilation, and excretion
S8LT-IVa-13

Key Concepts: The Process of Digestion

• The digestive system is made up of

different organs that work together to break
down food and nourish the body. It varies
across species like rumen, crop, and gizzard.
The rumen is common among ruminants that
include goats, cows, and carabaos. The crop
and gizzard are found in birds and some
species of invertebrates like grasshoppers
and earthworms.

•
Ingestion is the first process of digestion
starts when food is taken into the mouth. As
you chew, you are breaking the food into
small pieces as a means of mechanical
breakdown. The pieces mix with saliva before
you swallow. Saliva is a watery liquid made
by the salivary glands. It softens and wets the
food in the mouth and also initially starts
chemical digestion through the enzymes
The Food Tube present in it. Then the food passes through the
esophagus. Muscle contractions in the
esophagus help move the food down to the stomach. This process is called
peristalsis.

• Food that has been broken down is of no value to the body unless it enters the
bloodstream and its nutrients are put to work. This occurs through the process
of absorption, which takes place primarily within the small intestine.

• Assimilation is the process by which nutrients from foods are taken into the cells
of the body after the food has been digested and absorbed

• Excretion is the final function of the digestive system wherein the waste or indigestible
substances are removed from the body through the process known as defecation.

Activity 1: A Sweet Break

Objectives:
1. Describe the process of mechanical digestion.
2. Explain how the physical breaking down of foods helps in their digestion.

Materials: 2 pieces of 100-ml beakers or any clear containers

mortar and pestle

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warm water
paper towel
2 pieces of hard candies

Procedures:
1. Half-fill the two beakers with warm water. Label the glasses A and B.
2. Wrap one candy in a paper towel and crush it with a mortar and pestle or some
other hard pounder.
3. Place the other piece of candy in a glass of warm water labeled A, and the
crushed candy in a glass labeled B.
4. Observe how long will it take for the whole candy in Glass A and the crushed
candy in Glass B to dissolve.
5. Record your observation in the table below.

Candy Time it took for the candy to dissolve

in water
(minutes)
Whole
Crushed

Guide Questions: Answer the following questions below after you have finished the
activity.
1. How does crushing the candy to smaller pieces affect its dissolution?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. What does crushing the candy represent in the process of digestion?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2. A Journey into the Digestive System

Objectives:
• Infer how the organs of the digestive system work together to carry out digestion
of food and
assimilation of nutrients;
• Explain what happens to food as it gets digested

Materials: Videoclip: Journey of the Digestive system

Link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e301AdlC8bl
Procedures:
1. Visit the link suggested above.
2. Take down notes as you watch the movie clip.
3. On a separate sheet of paper, answer the following questions.

Guide Questions:
1. What does the movie clip say about the digestion of food?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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2. What changes happened to the food as it moved through the digestive tract?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Activity No. 3. Complete Me!

Directions. Complete the statements below by filling in the correct word/phrase. Choose
your answer
from the words inside the box.
absorption mouth

chemical ingestion peristalsis

excretion Saliva

Digestion softens

mechanical wets

1. ______________ starts when food is taken into the_______. 2. As you chew, you are
breaking the food into small pieces as a means of _____________ breakdown. 3. __________
is a watery liquid made by the salivary glands. It ___________ and __________ the food in
the mouth and also initially starts _______________________ through the enzymes present
in it. 4. Muscle contractions in the esophagus help move the food down to stomach. This
process is called ___________________. 5. During ____________________, these nutrients
pass through the walls of the intestine and into the bloodstream where they get
transported to the different parts of the body. 6. The undigested parts of food or those
that were not absorbed by the body are eliminated as feces. This process is called
_______________.

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Answer Key

Activity No. 1 & 2

Answers may vary but focus on the concept of digestion

Activity No. 3
1. Digestion, Mouth
2. Mechanical
3. Saliva, softens and wets,
Chemical Ingestion
4. Peristalsis
5. Absorption
6. Excretion
References
The Real Deal on the Digestive System
Science 8 Learners’ Module Beckett, B. & Gallagher, R. (2001). Modular science:
Biology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Goldsmith, I. (1969). Human anatomy for children. New York: Dover Publications.
Guyton, A. (1964). The function of the human body. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
Ravielli, A. (1963). Wonders of the human body. New York: The Viking Press.
VanCleave, J. (1995). Jan VanCleave’s the human body for every kid: Easy
activities that make learning science fun. New York: John Wiley
https://www.reference.com/science/assimilation-digestive-system-
6068e1d3b67e230d
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e301AdlC8bl\

Prepared by: DAVE M. MANALO

Carmundo NHS

Reviewed by: ANTONIETA C. MIGUEL

Puerto Princesa City NSHS

For inquiries or comments, write or call:

Department of Education – MIMAROPA Region

Meralco Avenue, corner St. Paul Road, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telephone No. (02) 863-14070
Email Address: [email protected]
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