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HW 2

1. The document provides instructions for homework assignment #2 for an aerospace engineering course, due on May 10 at 17:30. It specifies submission requirements and policies. 2. The homework involves linearizing the equations of motion for an aircraft around a trim condition using Taylor series expansion. Students are asked to derive the state-space model for longitudinal dynamics. 3. The second question involves using MATLAB to find values for a state matrix for a fighter aircraft in level flight, and determining its static stability and modal characteristics. Tables of stability derivatives and values are provided.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
41 views3 pages

HW 2

1. The document provides instructions for homework assignment #2 for an aerospace engineering course, due on May 10 at 17:30. It specifies submission requirements and policies. 2. The homework involves linearizing the equations of motion for an aircraft around a trim condition using Taylor series expansion. Students are asked to derive the state-space model for longitudinal dynamics. 3. The second question involves using MATLAB to find values for a state matrix for a fighter aircraft in level flight, and determining its static stability and modal characteristics. Tables of stability derivatives and values are provided.

Uploaded by

arya su şengül
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Middle East Technical University Aerospace Engineering Program

Northern Cyprus Campus ASE 372, Spring 2022

ASE 372 Homework #2 Due: May 10, 17:30.


Submission rules:
• A report can be written partially by hand, and in MS Word; use Equation editor in MS Word.
• Indicate your name, surname, ID number, section number on the front page of the report
• Submit a hard copy (there is a box near T-131) + upload a soft copy of the report in PDF format. 

• Clearly show the formula for each step of calculations, use correct notations (points will be
deducted).
• You can use MATLAB for calculations, but formula must be explicitly shown for each step of the
solution (points will be deducted).
• Be clear and precise in writing your answers, keep the answers short and compact.

Policy:
Identical reports will be considered as copied from each other and will not be graded. Late submissions
not acceptable.

Question 1. The translational and rotational dynamics of an aircraft, and the kinematic
equations are given below.
X
u̇ = rv qw + g sin ✓
m
Y
v̇ = pw ru + + g cos ✓ sin
m
Z
ẇ = qu pv + + g cos ✓ cos
m
L = Ixx ṗ (Iyy Izz )qr
M = Iyy q̇ (Izz Ixx )rp
N = Izz ṙ (Ixx Iyy )pq
˙ = p + q sin tan ✓ + r cos tan ✓
✓˙ = q cos r sin
˙ = q sin sec ✓ + r cos sec ✓

a) Using the Taylor series expansion method, linearize the equations above around a trim
condition. The trim condition is a steady level flight with non-zero pitch angle and non-zero
angle of attack. Denote the trim values with a subscript “0”.
The following aerodynamic derivatives that must be taken into account for linearization of the
aero-propulsive forces and moments:
@X @X @X @X
Xu = , Xw = , Xe= , XT = ;
@u @w @ e @ T
@Y @Y @Y @Y
Yv = , Yp = , Yr = , Yr= ;
@v @p @r @ r
@Z @Z @Z @Z @Z @Z
Zu = , Zw = , Zẇ = , Zq = , Ze= , ZT = ;
@u @w @ ẇ @q @ e @ T
@L @L @L @L @L
Lv = , Lp = , Lr = , La= , Lr= ;
@v @p @r @ a @ r
@M @M @M @M @M @M
Mu = , Mw = , Mẇ = , Mq = , Me= , MT = ;
@u @w @ ẇ @q @ e @ T
@N @N @N @N @N
Nv = , Np = , Nr = , Na= , Nr= ,
@v @p @r @ a @ r


Middle East Technical University Aerospace Engineering Program
Northern Cyprus Campus ASE 372, Spring 2022

where 𝛿" , 𝛿$ , 𝛿% , 𝛿& represent throttle, elevator, ailerons, and rudder control inputs,
respectively. All the remaining aerodynamic derivatives are assumed to be negligibly small.
Clearly show each step of the linearization routine.

b) The state and control vectors for longitudinal dynamics are defined respectively as
"
𝑥()* = 𝛥𝑢 𝛥𝑤 𝑞 𝛥𝜃
"
𝑢()* = 𝛥𝛿" 𝛥𝛿$
• Using the linearized equations obtained in Part a), derive the state-space model for
longitudinal dynamics
𝑥()* = 𝐴()* 𝑥()* + 𝐵()* 𝑢()* .
• Clearly specify the state and control matrices.

Question 2. (Note: use MATLAB to solve this problem, and include the code as a part of the
solution).
A-4D fighter aircraft is in a steady level flight at 𝑀 = 0.4, sea level altitude. The mass-geometry and
aerodynamic characteristics given below:

• 𝑊 = 17,578 𝑙𝑏
• 𝐼A = 8,090 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔 ⋅ 𝑓𝑡 H
• 𝐼I = 25,900 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔 ⋅ 𝑓𝑡 H
• 𝐼K = 29,200 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔 ⋅ 𝑓𝑡 H
• 𝐼AK = 1,300 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔 ⋅ 𝑓𝑡 H
• C.G. is at 25% MAC
• 𝑆 = 260 𝑓𝑡 H
• 𝑏 = 27.5 𝑓𝑡
• 𝑐 = 10.8 𝑓𝑡
The state-space representation for the linearized longitudinal dynamics is given by (note that different
notations are used for the stability derivatives):

where the state vector is 𝑥 = 𝛥 𝑢 𝛥 𝑤 𝑞 𝛥 𝜃 " , and the input vector is 𝑢 = 𝛥 𝛿" 𝛥 𝛿$ " .
The dimensional longitudinal stability derivatives are defined in the Table below, where the dynamic
Q
pressure 𝑄 = 𝜌𝑢SH . The values of the aerodynamic characteristics 𝐶UV , 𝐶WV , etc. are given in the
H


Middle East Technical University Aerospace Engineering Program
Northern Cyprus Campus ASE 372, Spring 2022

Table 1 below. Note that 𝐶UX = 𝐶U , 𝐶WX = 𝐶W , denote the trim values, and are given in the Table 1. The
values of the aerodynamic characteristics that are NOT given in Table 1 are assumed to be equal to
zero (e.g. 𝐶UY = 0).

Longitudinal Derivatives

a). Find the numerical value of the state matrix A.


b). Determine static stability at the given flight condition.
c). Define the modes of the longitudinal dynamics, and specify which eigenvalues of matrix A
correspond to these modes. For each mode, find the following characteristics (write the results in a
form of a table):
• Period of oscillations, 𝑇
• Frequency of oscillations, 𝜔
• Halving time (time for the initial amplitude to decrease 2 times), 𝑡Q/H
• Number of cycles for the initial amplitude to decrease 2 times, 𝑁Q/H .

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