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Automatic Liquid Dispenser

This is a simple design of an automatic liquid dispenser can be use at homes to dispense liquid like Hand sanitizers.
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© © All Rights Reserved
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
105 views12 pages

Automatic Liquid Dispenser

This is a simple design of an automatic liquid dispenser can be use at homes to dispense liquid like Hand sanitizers.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

Human life has been influenced in various sectors due to the influence of Covid-

19. In the early 2020, there was an outbreak of a virus known as Corona (Covid-

19), since then various attempts were made to reduce the spread by either working

from home, social distancing hand sanitization, wearing of face mask etc.

One of the most effective means of keeping safe is the hand sanitization. This virus

can drop on surfaces of our hand sanitizers and infect us, this brought about

questions of safety while using the hand sanitizers and this lead to genius mind

coming up with the idea to design and construct or implement a touch free surface

that not only dispense hand sanitizers but can also be used to dispense other liquid

substances and it was called an automatic liquid dispenser.

This liquid dispenser can go as wide as to be a house aid to disabled people who

cannot open bottles or even fetch or press on the machine to dispense water for

drinking, coffee, drinks etc.

In order to have all this implemented, certain parts and components need to be put

in place for the easy dispensing. The refillable tank is where the liquid substance

will be poured in, and also the pumping part to pump up the liquid, there is also the
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part that senses the hand whenever it come close to the dispenser sending a unique

signal to the system that someone want some juice.

1.2 AIMS & OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this project is establishing an autonomous liquid dispenser with

different cost effective components, such as IR sensor, resistors, a transistor etc.

Research Questions to be evaluated:

▪ How accurate is the autonomous liquid dispenser when it comes to detecting

a glass or the hand closed to the sensor?

▪ In what way would automatic dispenser be functional enough to replace a

human operator?

1.3 SCOPE

This mini project is focused on controlling an automated liquid dispenser without

the use of microcontrollers. When the user put his hand or a glass in the designated

spot the dispenser will detect it and will trigger the pump to dispense the liquid.

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CHAPTER 2

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

2.1 IR SENSOR

An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits in order to sense some aspects

of the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as

detects the motion. These types of sensors measure only infrared radiation, rather

than emitting it that is called a Passive IR sensor. Usually, in the infrared spectrum,

all the objects radiate some form of thermal radiation.

These types of radiations are invisible to our eyes, which can be detected by an

infrared sensor. The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the

detector is simply an IR photodiode that is sensitive to IR light of the same

wavelength as that emitted by the IR LED. When IR light falls on the photodiode,

the resistances and the output voltages will change in proportion to the magnitude

of the IR light

received.

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2.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE

The working principle of an infrared sensor is similar to the object detection

sensor. This sensor includes an IR LED & an IR Photodiode, so by combining

these two can be formed as a photo-coupler otherwise opt coupler. The physics

laws used in this sensor are planks radiation, Stephan Boltzmann & weins

displacement.

IR LED is one kind of transmitter that emits IR radiations. This LED looks similar

to a standard LED and the radiation which is generated by this is not visible to the

human eye. Infrared receivers mainly detect the radiation using an infrared

transmitter. These infrared receivers are available in photodiodes form. IR

Photodiodes are dissimilar as compared with usual photodiodes because they

detect simply IR radiation. Different kinds of infrared receivers mainly exist

depending on the voltage, wavelength, package, etc.

Once it is used as the combination of an IR transmitter & receiver, then the

receiver’s wavelength must equal the transmitter. Here, the transmitter is IR LED

whereas the receiver is IR photodiode. The infrared photodiode is responsive to the

infrared light that is generated through an infrared LED. The resistance of photo-

diode & the change in output voltage is in proportion to the infrared light obtained.

This is the IR sensor’s fundamental working principle.

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Once the infrared transmitter generates emission, then it arrives at the object &

some of the emission will reflect back toward the infrared receiver. The sensor

output can be decided by the IR receiver depending on the intensity of the

response.

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CHAPTER 3

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

3.1 CONSTRUCTION OF THE DISPENSER

In order to construct the automatic liquid dispenser each necessary component had

to be compiled and linked. Thus, giving insight in one of the research questions:

• How accurate is the autonomous liquid dispenser when it comes to detecting

a hand or the glass cup?

3.2 LM7805 Voltage Regulator.

All voltage sources cannot able to give fixed output due

to fluctuations in the circuit. For getting constant and

steady output, the voltage regulators are implemented.

The integrated circuits which are used for the regulation

of voltage are termed as voltage regulator ICs.

The voltage regulator IC 7805 is actually a member of

the 78xx series of voltage regulator ICs. It is a fixed

linear voltage regulator. The xx present in 78xx

represents the value of the fixed output voltage that the particular IC provides. For

7805 IC, it is +5V DC regulated power supply. This regulator IC also adds a

provision for a heat sink. The input voltage to this voltage regulator can be up to
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35V, and this IC can give a constant 5V for any value of input less than or equal to

35V which is the threshold limit.

PIN 1-INPUT

The function of this pin is to give the input voltage. It should be in the range of 7V

to 35V. We apply an unregulated voltage to this pin for regulation. For 7.2V input,

the PIN achieves its maximum efficiency.

PIN 2-GROUND

We connect the ground to this pin. For output and input, this pin is equally neutral

(0V).

PIN 3-OUTPUT

This pin is used to take the regulated output. It will be 5V(4.8V-5.2V)

3.3 TIP32C

The TIP32 is a PNP Power transistor. Since it has high collector current of about

2A it can be used for Power switching or large signal amplification. The transistor

is mainly known for its high amplification capacity since 2A is not much of a

higher capacity.

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USES OF TIP32C TRANSISTORS

Although TIP has high collector current and current gain, it is fairly simple to

control the device since it has an Emitter-Base voltage (VBE) of only 5V and base

current of only 120mA. But since we are dealing with high current, there will be

good heat dissipation for switching applications and hence a heat sink is

recommended.

Also the Transistor can be driven directly from PWM signal since the Emitter-Base

voltage is less, however the PWM should source enough current for complete

saturation of the Transistor. The current through the base pin has to be limited; you

can use even a 1K resistor if your collector current requirement is less.

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3.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM

The Power Supply is the main unit that supplies all the power needed in the circuit.

Once the sensor is obstructed by an object the infrared Is then sent to the receiver.

There is a low voltage supply which gives rise to the resistance.

And therefor there is complete bias in the transistor which then triggers the pump.

3.4.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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CHAPTER 4

4.1 DETECTION ACCURACY

The IR sensor used has 98% accuracy in detection as long as the object or hand is

placed within the range of the sensor.

The IR sensor has non-linear characteristics and they depend on the reflectance

properties of the surfaces. The nature in which the surface reflects and absorbs

infrared energy is needed to interpret the sensor output as distance measure. The

distance estimation could be obtained by using Phong Illumination model.

4.2 DISPENSING TIME

In order to evaluate if the dispenser is functional enough to replace a human

operator, the efficiency of the whole process is tested. To test the efficiency of the

dispenser each cycle was tested by timing the cycle and also letting the dispenser

fill the glass to the same liquid level every cycle.

Liquid (ml) Dispensation Time

Start Time (s) End Time (s) Time (s)

Test 1 2.5 00 01 01

Test 2 5 02 04 02

Test 3 10 05 08.50 03.50

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CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.


5.1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

The results in Chapter 4 conclude that the automatic liquid dispenser fulfills its

purpose by pouring an arbitrary liquid, without any human manipulation but only

with the help of an IR sensor.

For longer distance detection there might be obstruction due to obstacles

encountered but all this amounts to very small seconds for the difference in timing.

Therefore, to answer the first questions, the automatic liquid dispenser is very

accurate regarding the components the dispenser consists of.

The quantity of the dispensend liquid can only be measured with respect to the

time it takes to fill in the provided container. Therefore, the quantity is directly

proportional to the time taken when the object or hand is within sensor range.

5.2 RECOMMENDATION

The automatic liquid dispenser fulfills its purpose and function well. The accuracy

of the dispenser could be improved by testing several different glasses with

different properties, and sizes. The pump can also be replace with a similar one

that has higher liquid flow rate.

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REFERENCES

[1] Hwang, K., Chen, Y. and Hong, H. Autonomous Exploring System Based on

Ultrasonic Sensory Information. Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems 39,

307–331 (2004). DOI:

https://doiorg.focus.lib.kth.se/10.1023/B:JINT.0000021069.90242.de

[2] R. Bod´en, S. Ogden and K. Hjort, ”Microdispenser With Continuous Flow and

Selectable Target Volume for Microfluidic High-Pressure Applications,” in Journal

of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 452-458, April 2014,

DOI: 10.1109/JMEMS.2013.2279976

[3] How to mechatronics, “Ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 and Arduino Tutorial”,

Cited

2020-02-14 https://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/arduino/ultrasonic-sensorhc-

sr04/

[4] Elfa, “Linear Stepper Motor”, Cited 2020-02-14

https://www.elfa.se/sv/linjaerstegmotor-moons-16hy7001-11

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