Automatic Liquid Dispenser
Automatic Liquid Dispenser
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
Human life has been influenced in various sectors due to the influence of Covid-
19. In the early 2020, there was an outbreak of a virus known as Corona (Covid-
19), since then various attempts were made to reduce the spread by either working
from home, social distancing hand sanitization, wearing of face mask etc.
One of the most effective means of keeping safe is the hand sanitization. This virus
can drop on surfaces of our hand sanitizers and infect us, this brought about
questions of safety while using the hand sanitizers and this lead to genius mind
coming up with the idea to design and construct or implement a touch free surface
that not only dispense hand sanitizers but can also be used to dispense other liquid
This liquid dispenser can go as wide as to be a house aid to disabled people who
cannot open bottles or even fetch or press on the machine to dispense water for
In order to have all this implemented, certain parts and components need to be put
in place for the easy dispensing. The refillable tank is where the liquid substance
will be poured in, and also the pumping part to pump up the liquid, there is also the
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part that senses the hand whenever it come close to the dispenser sending a unique
human operator?
1.3 SCOPE
the use of microcontrollers. When the user put his hand or a glass in the designated
spot the dispenser will detect it and will trigger the pump to dispense the liquid.
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CHAPTER 2
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
2.1 IR SENSOR
An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits in order to sense some aspects
detects the motion. These types of sensors measure only infrared radiation, rather
than emitting it that is called a Passive IR sensor. Usually, in the infrared spectrum,
These types of radiations are invisible to our eyes, which can be detected by an
infrared sensor. The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the
wavelength as that emitted by the IR LED. When IR light falls on the photodiode,
the resistances and the output voltages will change in proportion to the magnitude
of the IR light
received.
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2.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE
these two can be formed as a photo-coupler otherwise opt coupler. The physics
laws used in this sensor are planks radiation, Stephan Boltzmann & weins
displacement.
IR LED is one kind of transmitter that emits IR radiations. This LED looks similar
to a standard LED and the radiation which is generated by this is not visible to the
human eye. Infrared receivers mainly detect the radiation using an infrared
receiver’s wavelength must equal the transmitter. Here, the transmitter is IR LED
infrared light that is generated through an infrared LED. The resistance of photo-
diode & the change in output voltage is in proportion to the infrared light obtained.
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Once the infrared transmitter generates emission, then it arrives at the object &
some of the emission will reflect back toward the infrared receiver. The sensor
response.
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CHAPTER 3
In order to construct the automatic liquid dispenser each necessary component had
to be compiled and linked. Thus, giving insight in one of the research questions:
represents the value of the fixed output voltage that the particular IC provides. For
7805 IC, it is +5V DC regulated power supply. This regulator IC also adds a
provision for a heat sink. The input voltage to this voltage regulator can be up to
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35V, and this IC can give a constant 5V for any value of input less than or equal to
PIN 1-INPUT
The function of this pin is to give the input voltage. It should be in the range of 7V
to 35V. We apply an unregulated voltage to this pin for regulation. For 7.2V input,
PIN 2-GROUND
We connect the ground to this pin. For output and input, this pin is equally neutral
(0V).
PIN 3-OUTPUT
3.3 TIP32C
The TIP32 is a PNP Power transistor. Since it has high collector current of about
2A it can be used for Power switching or large signal amplification. The transistor
is mainly known for its high amplification capacity since 2A is not much of a
higher capacity.
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USES OF TIP32C TRANSISTORS
Although TIP has high collector current and current gain, it is fairly simple to
control the device since it has an Emitter-Base voltage (VBE) of only 5V and base
current of only 120mA. But since we are dealing with high current, there will be
good heat dissipation for switching applications and hence a heat sink is
recommended.
Also the Transistor can be driven directly from PWM signal since the Emitter-Base
voltage is less, however the PWM should source enough current for complete
saturation of the Transistor. The current through the base pin has to be limited; you
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3.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM
The Power Supply is the main unit that supplies all the power needed in the circuit.
Once the sensor is obstructed by an object the infrared Is then sent to the receiver.
And therefor there is complete bias in the transistor which then triggers the pump.
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CHAPTER 4
The IR sensor used has 98% accuracy in detection as long as the object or hand is
The IR sensor has non-linear characteristics and they depend on the reflectance
properties of the surfaces. The nature in which the surface reflects and absorbs
infrared energy is needed to interpret the sensor output as distance measure. The
operator, the efficiency of the whole process is tested. To test the efficiency of the
dispenser each cycle was tested by timing the cycle and also letting the dispenser
Test 1 2.5 00 01 01
Test 2 5 02 04 02
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CHAPTER 5
The results in Chapter 4 conclude that the automatic liquid dispenser fulfills its
purpose by pouring an arbitrary liquid, without any human manipulation but only
encountered but all this amounts to very small seconds for the difference in timing.
Therefore, to answer the first questions, the automatic liquid dispenser is very
The quantity of the dispensend liquid can only be measured with respect to the
time it takes to fill in the provided container. Therefore, the quantity is directly
proportional to the time taken when the object or hand is within sensor range.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
The automatic liquid dispenser fulfills its purpose and function well. The accuracy
different properties, and sizes. The pump can also be replace with a similar one
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REFERENCES
[1] Hwang, K., Chen, Y. and Hong, H. Autonomous Exploring System Based on
https://doiorg.focus.lib.kth.se/10.1023/B:JINT.0000021069.90242.de
[2] R. Bod´en, S. Ogden and K. Hjort, ”Microdispenser With Continuous Flow and
DOI: 10.1109/JMEMS.2013.2279976
Cited
2020-02-14 https://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/arduino/ultrasonic-sensorhc-
sr04/
https://www.elfa.se/sv/linjaerstegmotor-moons-16hy7001-11
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