Fig. 9 Friction Chart for Round Duct (ρ = 0.075 lbm/ft3 and ε = 0.

0003 ft
Duct Design

Fig. 9 Friction Chart for Round Duct (ρ = 0.075 lbm/ft3 and ε = 0.0003 ft)
34.9
34.10 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook

Table 2 Equivalent Rectangular Duct Dimensions

Circular Length One Side of Rectangular Duct (a), in.
Duct 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
Diameter,
in. Length Adjacent Side of Rectangular Duct (b), in.
5 5
5.5 6 5
6 8 6
6.5 9 7 6
7 11 8 7
7.5 13 10 8 7
8 15 11 9 8
8.5 17 13 10 9
9 20 15 12 10 8
9.5 22 17 13 11 9
10 25 19 15 12 10 9
10.5 29 21 16 14 12 10
11 32 23 18 15 13 11 10
11.5 26 20 17 14 12 11
12 29 22 18 15 13 12
12.5 32 24 20 17 15 13
13 35 27 22 18 16 14 12
13.5 38 29 24 20 17 15 13
14 32 26 22 19 17 14
14.5 35 28 24 20 18 15
15 38 30 25 22 19 16 14
16 45 36 30 25 22 18 15
17 41 34 29 25 20 17 16
18 47 39 33 29 23 19 17
19 54 44 38 33 26 22 19 18
20 50 43 37 29 24 21 19
21 57 48 41 33 27 23 20
22 64 54 46 36 30 26 23 20
23 60 51 40 33 28 25 22
24 66 57 44 36 31 27 24 22
25 63 49 40 34 29 26 24
26 69 54 44 37 32 28 26 24
27 76 59 48 40 35 31 28 25
28 64 52 43 38 33 30 27 26
29 70 56 47 41 36 32 29 27
30 76 61 51 44 39 35 31 29 28
31 82 66 55 47 41 37 34 31 29
32 89 71 59 51 44 40 36 33 31
33 96 76 64 54 48 42 38 35 33 30
34 82 68 58 51 45 41 37 35 32
35 88 73 62 54 48 44 40 37 34 32
36 95 78 67 58 51 46 42 39 36 34
37 101 83 71 62 55 49 45 41 38 36 34
38 108 89 76 66 58 52 47 44 40 38 36
39 95 80 70 62 55 50 46 43 40 37 36
40 101 85 74 65 58 53 49 45 42 39 37
41 107 91 78 69 62 56 51 47 44 41 39
42 114 96 83 73 65 59 54 50 46 44 41
43 120 102 88 77 69 62 57 53 49 46 43
44 107 93 81 73 66 60 55 51 48 45
45 113 98 86 76 69 63 58 54 50 47
46 120 103 90 80 72 66 61 56 53 49
47 126 108 95 84 76 69 64 59 55 52
48 133 114 100 89 80 73 67 62 58 54
49 140 120 105 93 84 76 70 65 60 56
50 147 126 110 98 88 80 73 68 63 59
51 132 115 102 92 83 76 71 66 61
52 139 121 107 96 87 80 74 69 64
53 145 127 112 100 91 83 77 71 67
54 152 133 117 105 95 87 80 74 70
55 139 123 110 99 91 84 78 72
56 145 128 114 104 95 87 81 75
57 151 134 119 108 98 91 84 78
58 158 139 124 112 102 94 87 81
59 165 145 130 117 107 98 91 85
60 172 151 135 122 111 102 94 88
Duct Design 34.11

Table 3 Equivalent Spiral Flat Oval Duct Dimensions

Circular Minor Axis (a), in. Circular Minor Axis (a), in.
Duct Duct
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 16 8 9 10 11 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Diameter, Diameter,
in. Major Axis (A), in. in. Major Axis (A), in.
5 8 19 46 — 34 — 28 23 21
5.5 9 7 20 50 — 38 — 31 27 24 21
6 11 9 21 58 — 43 — 34 28 25 23
6.5 12 10 8 22 65 — 48 — 37 31 29 26
7 15 12 10 8 23 71 — 52 — 42 34 30 27
7.5 19 13 — 9 24 77 — 57 — 45 38 33 29 26
8 22 15 11 — 25 63 — 50 41 36 32 29
8.5 18 13 11 10 26 70 — 56 45 38 34 31
9 20 14 12 — 10 27 76 — 59 49 41 37 34
9.5 21 18 14 12 — 28 65 52 46 40 36
10 19 15 13 11 29 72 58 49 43 39 35
10.5 21 17 15 13 12 30 78 61 54 46 40 38
11 19 16 14 — 12 31 81 67 57 49 44 39 37
11.5 20 18 16 14 — 32 71 60 53 47 42 40
12 23 20 17 15 13 33 77 66 56 51 46 41
12.5 25 21 — — 15 14 34 69 59 55 47 44
13 28 23 19 17 16 — 14 35 76 65 58 50 46
13.5 30 — 21 18 — 16 — 36 79 68 61 53 49
14 33 — 22 20 18 17 15 37 71 64 57 52
14.5 36 — 24 22 19 — 17 38 78 67 60 55
15 39 — 27 23 21 19 18 40 77 69 62
16 45 — 30 — 24 22 20 17 42 75 68
17 52 — 35 — 27 24 21 19 44 82 74
18 59 — 39 — 30 — 25 22 19

Dynamic losses occur along a duct length and cannot be sepa- where pv,c is the velocity pressure at the common section c, and Cc,s
rated from friction losses. For ease of calculation, dynamic and Cc,b are losses for the straight (main) and branch flow paths,
losses are assumed to be concentrated at a section (local) and to respectively, each referenced to the velocity pressure at section c. To
exclude friction. Frictional losses must be considered only for convert junction local loss coefficients referenced to straight and
relatively long fittings. Generally, fitting friction losses are branch velocity pressures, use the following equation:
accounted for by measuring duct lengths from the centerline of
one fitting to that of the next fitting. For fittings closely coupled C c Ii
(less than six hydraulic diameters apart), the flow pattern enter- C i Z ---------------------2- (34)
( Vi ⁄ Vc )
ing subsequent fittings differs from the flow pattern used to
determine loss coefficients. Adequate data for these situations
where
are unavailable.
For all fittings, except junctions, calculate the total pressure loss Ci = local loss coefficient referenced to section being calculated (see
subscripts), dimensionless
∆pj at a section by
Cc,i = straight (Cc,s ) or branch (Cc,b ) local loss coefficient referenced to
dynamic pressure at common section, dimensionless
∆p j Z C o p v Io (30)
Vi = velocity at section to which Ci is being referenced, fpm
Vc = velocity at common section, fpm
where the subscript o is the cross section at which the velocity pres-
sure is referenced. The dynamic loss is based on the actual velocity Subscripts:
in the duct, not the velocity in an equivalent noncircular duct. For the b = branch
cross section to reference a fitting loss coefficient, refer to Step 4 in s = straight (main) section
the section on HVAC Duct Design Procedures. Where necessary c = common section
(unequal area fittings), convert a loss coefficient from section o to The junction of two parallel streams moving at different veloci-
section i using Equation (31), where V is the velocity at the respec- ties is characterized by turbulent mixing of the streams, accompa-
tive sections. nied by pressure losses. In the course of this mixing, an exchange of
Co momentum takes place between the particles moving at different
C i Z ----------------------2 (31) velocities, finally resulting in the equalization of the velocity distri-
( Vi ⁄ Vo ) butions in the common stream. The jet with higher velocity loses a
part of its kinetic energy by transmitting it to the slower moving jet.
For converging and diverging flow junctions, total pressure The loss in total pressure before and after mixing is always large and
losses through the straight (main) section are calculated as positive for the higher velocity jet and increases with an increase in
the amount of energy transmitted to the lower velocity jet. Conse-
∆p j Z C c Is p v Ic (32) quently, the local loss coefficient, defined by Equation (29), will
always be positive. The energy stored in the lower velocity jet
For total pressure losses through the branch section, increases as a result of mixing. The loss in total pressure and the
local loss coefficient can, therefore, also have negative values for the
∆p j Z C c Ib p v Ic (33) lower velocity jet (Idelchik et al. 1994).