Writing Lab Report CHE414-2022
Writing Lab Report CHE414-2022
Writing Lab Report CHE414-2022
by
Dhuha Jawad Hussein Lec. Assistant
م ضحى جواد حسين.م .
2021-2022,
ALQadissiyah
Lecture #2: Preparing Laboratory Reports
Practical reports have a clear, linear structure. Table 1 shows the different sections of a practical report.
Each item is illustrated in details below. The report must be written in English only, and will be graded
according to table 1 below:
Subject Marks
1 Title page 7
2 Abstract 12
3 Introduction 3
4 Theoretical Background 5
5 Procedure 4
6 Results 8
7 Discussion of Results 10
8 Conclusion and 8
Recommendations
9 Literature Cited 14
10 Nomenclature 4
Appendices
A1 Raw Material 5
A2 Analysis of data & Sample 15
Calculation
The Title page should be separate from the rest of the report. It should contain:
2. Abstract
The abstract should be informative, and should be written in about three to five sentences. It should cover all phases of
the investigation. It must include the following:
While writing the abstract, it should be kept in mind that you should not refer to any graph or table.
3. Introduction
This section should include few sentences discussing the physical and/or chemical principles involved in the
experiment.
4. Theoretical Background
This section should include the theory behind the experiment. It should also contain all those equations, which are used
to acquire a certain result. Theoretical correlations, which are used for comparison with experimental results, should
also be included.
5. Procedure
Here, you should briefly describe the actual step-by-step procedure you followed in running the experiment. It should
be written in your own words, e.g. the needle valve was manipulated in order to adjust the liquid flow rate.
6. Results
The results should be presented in the form or Tables or graphs. The Table should contain the results obtain from
experiments and from theoretical knowledge. Comparisons should be presented in terms, e.g. percent deviation.
7. Discussion of Results
In this section you should discuss you experimental results. Show how you make comparison with the values obtained
theoretically. Also discuss the deviation of experimental results from theoretical values. The possible source of errors
should also be mentioned. If the results are obtained in terms of graphs, then interpret them also.
8. Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions are the series of numbered sentences which answer the questions posed in the end of each experiments.
Conclusions should also include the errors between the experimental and theoretical values. What you have learned
from the experiment should be mentioned as well.
Recommendations are the proposals for future work, e.g. suggested changes in equipment, study of new variables, or
possible experiments in relative fields. Like the conclusions, the recommendations are usually listed by numbers, and
each consists of only a sentence or two.
9. Literature Cited
Here, you should list the books, Journal’s articles, etc. used in writing your report and analyzing the experiment. The
reference should be completed (name of the book, author, volume, date of publication, pages, etc.). References should
be arranged alphabetically by author.
10. Nomenclature
The symbols, which are used in the report, should be defined in the nomenclature in alphabetical order. The
accompanying definitions must include proper units.
Appendices
All appendices and graphs should be attached at the end of the report.
This shows how the data/manipulated data is transformed into experimental results by using the appropriate equations.
Also, how the theoretical results are obtained using theoretical in terms of percentage error. Sample calculations should
contain each step, which is used to acquire certain results.
The students must organize their reports in a manner as mentioned earlier. It is required/encouraged to use EXCEL,
SIGMAPLOT, HARVARD, GRAPHICS OR AND OTHER AVAILABLE GRAPHIC SOFTWARE PACKAGES to
draw graph. The neatness will include how the student has written the report. Additional points will be given to those
students who use GRAPHIC SOFTWARE PACKAGES to draw graph.
The Name Of The Experiment
University of Al-Qadisiyah