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Metamterials

This document discusses two cases of electromagnetic metamaterials. [1] An opaque object inside a transparent or semi-transparent metamaterial will appear to have an image above the metamaterial surface when viewed from outside due to negative refraction. [2] An inclined opaque rod partly submerged in a metamaterial liquid will appear to have a bent image when viewed from above due to rays from the submerged part of the rod being negatively refracted. However, the bending direction shown in a particular Nature Magazine picture is not replicated, suggesting something may have been overlooked.

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87 views3 pages

Metamterials

This document discusses two cases of electromagnetic metamaterials. [1] An opaque object inside a transparent or semi-transparent metamaterial will appear to have an image above the metamaterial surface when viewed from outside due to negative refraction. [2] An inclined opaque rod partly submerged in a metamaterial liquid will appear to have a bent image when viewed from above due to rays from the submerged part of the rod being negatively refracted. However, the bending direction shown in a particular Nature Magazine picture is not replicated, suggesting something may have been overlooked.

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dhruba88
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Electromagnetic Metamaterials

OPAQUE OBJECTS AND METAMATERIAL


Case-1: Opaque object inside transparent/semi-transparent metamaterial
Let us consider a transparent or semi-transparent DNG (<0, <0, refractive index <0) metamaterial inside which an opaque object say a coin OO, as in figure-1, is inserted by some means (the metamaterial may be liquid or solid). Then due to negative refraction phenomena an apparent image II, as in figure-1, will be seen above the surface of the metamaterial if we look at the object from air.

Figure 1

How? Let us consider an incident ray OP originating from a point O on the object upon LHM-air interface at P. in case media-1 was conventional RHM the refracted wave would have followed the path PQ. But in this case due to negative refraction, it would follow a path PI where I is a point on the apparent image II of the object. This will occur for incident waves originating from all the points of the object and thus the apparent image II will be formed. The size of the apparent image will be dependent upon refractive index and thus permittivity and permeability of the material.

Electromagnetic Metamaterials

Case-2: An inclined opaque rod partly submerged in metamaterial liquid*


Let us consider a transparent LHM liquid in a tub in which an opaque rod AZ is partly submerged in an inclined fashion as shown in figure below. Due to the phenomenon of negative refraction the apparent image of the rod will be seen as AXZ if seen from air above the metamterial (note the position of the eye) where X is the point where the rod crosses the LHM-air interface.

Figure 2

Electromagnetic Metamaterials
Here let us consider the endpoint A of the submerged end of the rod and consider rays originating from it. One ray AP incidents upon P at LHM-air interface and due to negative refraction, the refracted ray would follow a path PA (PP being the path it would have followed if the media-1 LHM was replaced by a conventional material with same magnitude value of permittivity and permeability as the LHM used but both positive ). Similarly another ray AQ originating from A will be refracted along QA. These PA and QA will meet at A. Thus an image of A will be formed at A. Similarly for any random point say B on AX an image B will be created on AX.

*This particular case does not satisfy one important picture that has been presented in Nature Magazine (September 2008) by Prof. Ortwin Hess in which bending of the straw in negative refractive index water (n=-1.3) is shown in the wrong direction:http://www.ati.surrey.ac.uk/tac/farewell-to-flatland:

But I am not being able to establish this picture, there might very well be something that I have overlooked. ********************************************************************* I am also not being able to establish the metamterial invisibility enclosure idea

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