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29 viewsC Language Notes-2
Uploaded by
Varshitha Reddy MattaCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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/ 40
fat as
Gormat Spectfier ¢
“Frofeam
tnt
{
p=
tps
p> variable name
Ink tps i q Ee vets of var a
ra 2000 8000 —s address of vor
P= a5 : ee
eat ;
tnt a= toe
one Clk oe
S 000” $000
f /
Te
ti TU Nudsighed fete oe
(ave values. oly )
main ()
|
inta=to, tp, p=Sas |
print® Cased" ads [lacie
prntt (“as ‘bat "pds Mazi ig
print® ("a eeu" Lays Na-
2000
prot (“asehu" py iy ot 2000
return 06
;
address of variable
value ot that address Advantages
+ we can directly access the data .
4+ dynamic memory altocation and deallecat on
> resize the memory .
Disadvartaqe
7 FP value ts net asstgned to pointer,
segmentation fault,
Tt will show
m wWiicle © Pregram=te odd tise au bbe, using ‘potsters
APincludecstdfoshS
tht maine)
{
tnt a=lo b= 20;
Tete a:
paka?y
qe kbs
printt (“sum = 7d" pata)
return Oo; . cinters.
¥ write a C program to swap two numbers using P:
abinclude |
Trt main ¢) : ,
{
Tint a=to, b=20,*p tq «
pr tas
qe sos
“pe “pata s
“y= *p fq s
“Pi Sp nto
print€ (Nase/ed\n bethd” €p qs
return 0%
Nop PoinTeR
Tt can hold auy datatype
&i tntas a
Rloat bs i)
void *P Fy 3
p=%a lor) pe tb 3
q= 2a tor) yetbs “ write'e C program to print ftoat and
character type
using pointers :
Htinclude < stdrosh>
tnt main ()
{
Float b= 20.6 :
char ch = ‘a’,
vofd tp tq 5 2
paxbs
gq = &ch 5
printf (“be 8 \n che foo”, tp, tg);
return Os
;
\ ‘01 09-22
. 2
ContRou Statements
rogram based on condit onal
\
> Flow of execution of a P
and uncond?Honal statements,
: A a woe my
> one part of prograri'“lo another ‘part Sf program
ContRoL a
Stitements >
ao
Onconditional
statements
break
goto
Oectercn / ae control loop / a
* . atu .
telection stad errenls Heralian
Statemens Statement eersions statements ©
© Simpre ze
> me-wiay selection Statement’
Syritox +
Statement—x s
& Ceondition)
'
Statements +
:
Statementiy ¢
Flow chart + pragram +
Abinclude < stdio-h > :
int main)
{
tnt x = tos
re Cx > 0)
{
x4
printf ("x value is ha " mays)
préntf ("this main prodrar”) 2.5,
return 0;
: rym doing
meg i
4
«CC tesy w He Shag
gif-else STATEMENT :
> two-way seleckon statement
3 SES an extension for ciple 2
Syrtax :
Statement -x $ d
f2 Ccondition)
I] state ments +
y
else { Y
|] Statements : * Write a C program do check whether the given year
2 leap year or nots
ttnclude ¢ stdiorh S
int smain ()
{
int year »
erint® (* eater year\n") 2
feet” Fed", Kyear) 3
€ ( year 7s ye od) ,
printf [: Leap year”) :
else
print C" Nota leap year Ne
return 0;
j
() else-fe Lapper
Syntax ¢ Re ech 1)
i
Statements 3
3 else 7# Cton-2)
t
Statemente ;
y - else
Statements :
3 ce
(oor
S Nite a Co pregram to print the colours of VEBBYOR,
include
int main
4
char ch ¢
erinté (“-thter aces \n")s
Seanf (“%e", $eh)
TE (che = Sv’ [| che =sy')
print€ (“Wiolet") ¢
else i£- (che || ch==“i!)
print€ (“Traigo") ¢
else tf (ch= = ‘6! || ch ==‘b')
printé (“Btue") »
else 8 (ch== ‘6! [] ch=='9/)
printf (“ Green") 7 Neéstep f-else
Syntox :
else 72 (ch==‘Y' Il ch= ety’)
print Cyettow") ¢ ie
else t@ (ch oir ch= : a : 2
prenté. (" Orange") a
else 2 (chet 'R! [che a'r) +
print C’Red")
we
, i e
else : : a
print? (“Tvabid") > T
\tew tall
return 0;
eee.
& $0 (condition 1)
if
t2 Ceondition 2)
{
Statements 2
oA i
5 : -
else f
Stotemenis's r # write a C program to check ehether: the aver pomber:
pettus or negetive number,
tfneludle < stdfo-h>
fat main ¢)
int m ;
We
Scant ("%/-d" an) 5
€ Cn>=0)
TE Cn>o)
print€ ("positive no.)
else )
print C2ero") ;
‘
else
oe a
printf (“negetive no." )3
3
return Oy ® ulrite a C program to “find the greatest of ee
nombers .
AW iheluce kt) -
; : :
else.
{ shy
U Cbocy
print®-( “vd ts greatest”, b) ;
else :
printé (“vd ts greatest | els
3
return o; SwitTCH
vault? wey election Atatement
Syntax
Sustteh (exp)
{
case Cabek_t2 g
M Statements
break 5
case Cabel_2
If Statements +
break ¢
ease bab ¢-
de@ault +
[| stotements
ms
break ¢ loop STATEMENTS
loop —s set of PnPdwections (or) stolements evecuted
repeadily unttl the condttion be-fole, tom
Ww wed.
> kntry~ controlled loop ( pre- checking loop 4)
Ly vote, for
> Gil~ controlled (oop ( pot teat / pod = checking loop }
Ly do-schite
uthile Loop
Syntox + fnttialfratfon :
while Coondition )
I body of Statement :
therement / decrement s
louchart +
tri tal fealion
Statumenly
incre [deere
en program
Winclucts <6tdéoh S
ofp: A
- e
fmt main) :
4
c S
int Pats
while (P< 10)
f 2
7 :
print? (“%/ed\n”, &)
9
C++ s
to
i
return o 5
DIFFERENCE ByyO WHI AND foR
white. for
te alt three fn
« We write fitialiadtion, > we ae =
conditfon aust frere/deere, one. step -
in three diff. steps.
foe
; for ( vuthialiaatisn ¢ eoudilion ; ducrewut /dscreusen
Syvitox + orc ue oe
A act of darlrudious . propia
Nthelue €etdto dhs
ul matin
{
: fot ? 5
for (tats few erty
{
print (edn Ys
} Co "
wn Oe
relorn 07
% Write aC program “lo (ind aum of fodtutduod, digtts of
nomber. .:
Aktnclude ¢ atdiorh>
tnt main O
{ tae
inl nr, sums Of
print ("-Cnter ns") ¢
Sean (“Ad : %n) :
uthile (n> 0)
f
1 als
Re nZlo ¢
Sum= Sumi
h=n/io;
printf (“som 1 /-d", sum)
return 0; g write a C program to check whether the given number 16
palindrome or not:
avinelude ¢ etdiorh>
frit math O
t
tnt nm, ©, sum-o0 ying.
preate Center ne 2 4
Seang Ly d" an) 2
tne ao
whfle Ens. 0)
{ A
re n%lo¢
Som= sumtiot r 2
n=n/io; cy
3 Sana
parte (tn = = som) oo
print C“ poltndrome")
else
printé c" i “halindreme! yy
vetérn Oy ide in baa) ¥ bite a 0 program “to check whether the given number
Ys armstrong number or not
Abinclucte < stdforh>
tnt matn ()
i
tnt n, +, dum=0,4n 2
print (“Onter for bey 7
Seon€ ("Yed" $n) ae
Ane=ns
whl. (n>o)
“on
re n%lor nm
Bom = somt (r¥r &r) »
N= n/lo ¢
3
C2 Ctn== 0m)
prenté (" armstrong no: ie
else
prime (“not armstrong vio") = +
return © 3 * ulrite a C program lo print -the table of given number.
ak include < stdoh>
tht main ()
f
°
unt Lc
Print ("enter number ") s
Sean€ ("Ag "ands
for (a1 otce
{
loz tt+4)
wen*?,
print (Md ™ Yd = pdm, or):
5
rek 3
urn Oo aol fon
Mette 6 CO progeaue to prank (otlownng! Polen
* £ eg et
”
* %
4% ye
vey,
ALincluds¢ stdiosh >
fat moin ¢)
f
°
tnt v7
Vd
' _
for(fateitzetod tir)
{
print C“eted +");
printf Xn");
3
return O¢ Al ticluds ¢ eteliohs
val usiain cy
t
wtp. '
for (bet Pent 3 by)
{ i
hor (jets feng gas)
f ;
printe (dt) 2
priate ("\n") +
3
return O; ,
a t
2
(23
2s 4
teas 4 &
Atindlude ¢ stdiv:h >
tht matn¢)
{
tnt OF
for (fats Cc=t0; ett)
f
for (jet a Jeet s fet)
f
printe (°%-d" js
ernte (Sang
} . ;
5
relirn oO;
i
w. «
ek &
Kee Ke &
eee Ee KE
we eK Kk kw kK & gptnclude < stded-h >,
ed maine)
'
int rows, &, JK <0 :
print€ ("tnter novot rows: ")s
z
dcan€ ('x%d" Srows):
lor ( Fats fe =rows » £444,120)
{
for fats jenrows ; far) |
pract? (" yi
5
while (k I= (2*F-1))
{
pratt CR") s
Keres ++ky
0 (7,
' ~{ > hivan aa? "9 m
ie=ey
printE COXn") 5:4
J
return 07 yr —————_—_ | __ ‘
numbe
ane given r
mw write a Cc program ‘to check whedher M4
& perlect number or not:
Winclude =t
{ 7 Tf
oct» Lact? s Scant (#7 4
t--¢ do
_ f Z
\ prénté Ud" Lact) +
vetunu oO; Pe
4 oo os
C++ 2
7
} white (fZ=n) UNCONDITIONAL Stateme NTS
> break. : : j |
~ continue wed w loop
So atateusits |
.
return cud execchon
a
values, variables, expresstons
Bdom 4
tnt main
5 t
tt num, ¢t 2
ao
print€ (" enter number”) 2
Scan ("/-d", num) ¢
for (fats Cari0 7 C44)
; |
t : Yo: 3 7
t€ (ebm =<) : :
break +
3
print eCteeg”, nom)
relorn 0;
4
2
oS
4
o
7
&
q
ao t (num - 2)
Of:
%
coutinus 4
putt ("2a" wun)s
retoru 0%
Stk:
sorléets te=moms fr) Se
{
fF (mow = =5)
goto Att »
—ferayS ——°
> store collection of data'or elements: with Aame.+
dotatype-
> Store homogenous eillettion of data :
Syntax: dual 7
datatype arrname[ atze] : tht als); ,
to | 20] 80 | 4o] 50
fF Memory becuphed : 5x2
ato} att) ale} ats] alu)
sto bytes.
ADVANTAGES °
0 Stores homogenous collection o€ data
2 Code optimteation
Ls tess codento access the data.
3) Memory ts allocated continuously .
DISADVANTAGES
——o
Bese
0 Array Atze u €iked
2 Memory iy wasted,
3) jn Cnsertean ied deletisn no o€ elements
"es dr@edicutt
Arrays ‘ : i
t Dimenstonal..
> 9- Dimensional *
Multidimensional. oe ae 10 Array
datatype Sree rere :
tnt a= fig) :
tnt a fs] = {t0,20,30, 4o, 50} 3
int als) = fo} :
tnt alS] = fto, 20,30} — automaticalty takes
other variables as Zero.
int al] ={ te,20, 86,40,50, 604 °,
2D Array) iT 4,
dotatype arrname [sooaize][colomnsize) »
o
Multi - Dfmemtonal Array fieatiags
datatype arrname [sized] [sitter] _-.[steen] 5
Tiitfalledon-
[Ce
int afs'] = 10,20, 30, 40, 504
ofS) = [te,20,30f — other Aeuoim O-
char name [20] ;
«
char nau [10] = Kavi” »
?
char mame( J =" Wekouts ©” o
2
char name(s} = TR Al yl Gey * Writ a ¢ program # dead tre foot a elements aad
Print: ‘of loctt array elameuts .
tat matn()
t
loot tts) ;
print ("Snter array) chant
for (084 the sty
Seont ("7.e%, sareq),
for (i=0 ; fee, fe)
printé ("Ze ay
‘return Os
“4
& ulrfte a C program to print personal details pea
student [Information t'ke student name, student'rell ae)
Student marks a] 6 subjects, total, average J —
arinelude 9 33 | at
ent main 0)
{
char ch[201 ¢ a F
tnt roll ¢ tfoae £=05 S
tnt marks [6] +
ust CF ; / .
float avg 4 sp nes eu
eee
prnt€ ‘(Center student name, roll noe 7 ')'54
seane (“%S%/-d", ¥ch / AOblezroll) »
printf (“enter marks +") ¢ :
for (feo, feeb: TH+),
a
scanf (Sa/ad", Kot marks [é] ) 2
for be on; bate 5 THI
t= t4marks(i] 5
ovg = t/6 5
printe (es\n %dX\n')¢
for( f=0 + fee. y fat)
print€ ("7-4") marks C7)) s
print€ (Xn total! Ad \n average: HO % t,0vg)2
retorn 0s i t
te program to read cGPA 4 to Atudev
dud Print them.
AP tucluds < etdioh >
Gal main 0
f
float egpal to] 2
tat €;
Priel (Order egpa af 10 xtudinls 7
Seon .
for fo 5 Pe 10 7 t44)
sean€ ("7-6") ogra de,
i
for (f=0'; ¢kr0; U44) |.
print ("*¢Sne, egpa él) +
relurn Os U5 phe p 202%
tor strug,
Ahere u mo need ed: we tw ean: statement .
ex: scant ("*/-s") mawe) +
TSeco2, the string B imteral’ poste mr. Ot dire ely
pownters the characters.
CEoncTions
we write'a: complex prigrau : 7
His Mucuit for readability,
te & also diffucult for ceusabititi/
2 jAts's debaggiig "
iy 4) 0 oe
A block o€ code which performs specific Hosie wher
fe & Cmvokted Cor) called .
Functions are alse called moclule design cor subprograr
Cor) user-defined functions 2
Aovantages oF functions __ o
D Readabrttty
2 Reaumabiltty of code
3) Bebuaging]t eary/
4) | dtvideag large program into mo-of modules lor)
Lunetfons ,
“types of functions __o
. °
WW Butlt—f function (or) Standard. Ubrar Lunétion
= in unero! y
@ these Lunetvons are already digined and storeal
th the Comelter a i
Any modi€fcation done by user will not reflect
Deter We donkh know tnternal wor king of bul ti
tn £unction ,
©) User-defined function
Created by wher.
Any modification canbe done by user ,
User can kow fnternal working of function ,
cetl() —> round off the Floating Valus. ; :
ganelrons has three acpects < ucer- ded ine! une.
eallid by
a Punetton declaratvon |
rmaint) dune:
2) Catting a fonction eee : [otuay
(3) Function de€%ton, operating Basten.
Syntax, a . : dey
returntype funename ( parameter (at) 2
J wo.
clatot yp e arguments
\
( tt, float, char, Als valuet (or)
verd ) oe * Varfables (or) data.
pos ed throug b
function .
etevalios cs
—fanitidn
dat (Aum ( tht, Pint)
Before maini), we have to declare the function
, 4 ‘ fs . Tanetion de€inttion °
function header’
*
selurntype tunename ( datatype varts datalype var2) +
{
Syntax
i logite :
nition b
I body of function; % “anener dy
ase
sthiuclude < stdio+h >
det aul tnt, aE) = Y) Lundlion declebalion
int main ()
{
fnt a,b,c ¢
Scant (“Zdef.d') ga, 9b) +
peduel
——s
pore" ula re = sum(a,b) 2 Puff callin 9 function
print (“ex ted" e) 5
endef J formal Prey :
ROE cat
eve : a um ( ee uty) lv burel fey, dienihen
return keys > relurn to call,
1g durtiou CLASSIFICATION oe SOLUNG, A Punetionl . i
(WIth parameters 9 with vetorn value
) with parameters e owithout retorn value
(3) without Parameters ®» with relorn value,
CH) without parameters # without retuen value.
mM Sep 22
’
aw prograu £ Au of boo fai .
“ot sum ( tnt @, tnt b)
fit main () : eV do
{
tht a,b 363
Scanf (“%dlefed", ka, xb) 3
C= Aum (a,b) ¢ . !
printf (Saeult © fd" ¢) 2
retorn 05 :
fat Aum ( int, tnt &)
cetureath< tnt oe
g CHKtY Ty
» returnc - om
B)
votd au (rut dat)
fut ain O
{
Pat a,b +
Sean (“*a¥/.g", 80,96) 5
dow (a,b) 5
reluos
]
void sum Cint x, ent y)
£ a
Tut ce
c= kty 5!
printe (8.4 e)s
° 10
Gab a Pbi"e +
CHath .
3
Print€ (* dui’ = “/.d", fc) > uw
°
wt sun ( ds
void main ¢)
°
tnt Aesult :
result = ~zum( ) 3
Pinte ("result © yd" seule) ‘
Botd “autin (. iy
ita be 3
C=ath.
3
result return es
J)
Passing Pavameters Techniques 8
+3 colt by value (data. )
4 calt by seference (#) = | &
void swap ( tnt, int) s
tnt main 0)
{ Vea A PRP VY
int ay, b> z 2 ae i
pointe Ge enter a,b values hk ae
‘sean€ (* a ed * ", da, 3b) 5 4
brinte cC Sefore Awapptag : a= td, b=d" af):
* swap (a, by;
retorn—O; print? ("Aéter Swapping saz yb=/d", a,b): vord swap ( int x, int y)
t
tnt ts
t=xe
ae
: t
Coe
Print C"ARter sunpping 1 MeM/-d,ty= "had x Y)s
Call by value
> copy value to the cated funct or,
> any changes made tn the called functions will
Mot e€fect tar cating Runelion .”
Can by ference
void swap ( ft » pint x)
ft mart
f t
tnt a,b :
printf ("( Sa, %b) 5 : '
‘pri? (* Aeter Swapping Lastd, be7.d" a,b),
retomn oy
us void swap ( eat *x int *y)
¢
tt t 9
ta 6
ay ih 5
Hy
