(za Door - |Dhine:- A line is Specified by giving its Roo end points: The |Line command canbe used to drow o single line oF a series a Of lines with the end-point of one being the staxt point | oP the next When a series of such lines is created 1 each [Modelling jin is tveated os o Seperote entity: To a i Creot o closed polygon, the usey has to a Roy Y Constructor type C for the To point: poompt - This couse pint Fealteine the last and the first paints to be joined «> Polyline | ates eee, bya line and. thus creating a closed [Sree | Pen 2) Pline:- Polylines ave intevesting Growing entities Polylines Can include both lines and oxcs intersecting drowing entities. olylines Con include both lines and acs connected ot end Points: Thus, a Polyline 15 0 single entity with multiple Segments: The paylines can be straignt ov Curved! can be wide oy topeved. Fillets and chamfors con be added where needed ona polyline. Curve Fitting and hatching Con easily be performed on a polyline. 3) Polygon A polygon is also a polyline twith equal length of Sides The yeqular eee either be inscribed ina Civcle ov Cixcumseribed atoout the civele- The Polygon may olso be _constaucted by Specifying the length of one side and numberO 4 £ palygor In this method o Palygeon "9 COOSTWUche4 or lockwise direction Prom the two edge end-points that have loeen Specified reum scribed tdge 9) Axe This Command is used to dow on ove accuyolely: Usually there ave three povometeys Yeguived for drowing On are Different ways of Aravoing civaulay aye 5 are )3 point aye: The arc is drown by Specifying three points on Chord of aye The first and thivd points define the start ond end points of anoaye Yespectively ii) Start, Centre: This option needs stoyt point and centre Point of an arc The thivd povometey” moy either be an end point , included angie , or length of chord ili) Stoxt, End:- This option asks the user to enter the Slovt and end points of an axe: The axe is Completed by either Specifing Yodius ov included ae or centres nin SP r pont oncss ; \ 1G‘ “engin of chord Radius, End point aaa . angle(o) 9) Cirete There axe mony ways of drawing o civcle, the default being the centre point of civcle and vodius. Either on typing the command civele or Selecting it Fromm O menu lbox city the help of mouse, all circle drawing options ove disployed The options avilable ore: ) Centre point ond Rodius |) Centye point and Diameter |e) 30:- this Specifies 3 points onthe Circumference of co circle | es 1S unique civcle passing trough thee given "eageaey ‘2 points | D2P. This Specifies the end-points of diameter of civcle- | | e)TTR : This Command dows acircle of Specified circle Yadius | that is tangent to two lines, celes oy ores f)TTT: This Command chows © circle tongent to three entities. 6) llipse - Ay ellipse Con be constructed by Specifying the Centre Point Yadiat length of Can be Conskucted by speci Kis ond the yodial length oF otner axis ) Hoke pattern: The hatch patteyn cormmond is used to fill Pine oveo using a suitable pattesn - The tyPe of pattern MAjOY and Minoy axis: An ellipse fying end. points of one of its‘ e choosen fron a li and pattern variables can b " ony \ pattexns availatte. The hatching will be carried out Sigle Aclosed defined orca Text Words, messages and numbers con be Inserted Os, Yequived on on engineering drawing: The alphonumeric keyooard is used extensively for non- graphical input such O5 text: The text style, height: text angie, aspect vation Colour ete ave Sorne of the attributes associated with text These attyiloutes can be changed as per the Yequirements ) By Specifying the co-ordinates atthe ‘specify First Comey } point" Pxompt and ot the “Specifying otney comer Pant” prompt By entering area of Yectangle in current units and Specifying length or width of rectangle: for this Select “Area” Joption of Yectongle cenemard fi) By specifying the length distance ond width distance of oe Foy this Select "Dimensions" aption of rectangle Coramand. Drafting tids Dhimits:- Th Auto cay, drawings ave drawn in full: Scale therefore limits ove needed 10 Site up a drOwing area: The limits are set by Specifying x and Y co-ordinates OF LLC and URC oP drawing oxea By defoult Lic 1s set to (00)sa URC iS Set’ to (19 5 Pre / 19) for im fi. metric field Percol File and (u20; Nole:- © i e Changing limits, the droning displosy axeo, does not ch : 7 jnge It is vequived to use all gor commands to | We 2) Lowey: A layer con be Ynroughnt of asa tonsparent Sheet on which drouaing con be prepared Drawings con be logically divided into different layers, and layers cao be Selec tively displayed either individually or in ony Comibination- Each layer is identified by a narne IF the drawing becomes too dense and complicated by & nome: IF Some layers can be tumed off So tat they do net interfere with the work the drawing can be edited on Any one layer at atime, called ‘curvvent layer! The colour line type ond line weight ore the properties associated with a layer: 3) Dimensioning:- The manufacturing drown must be | dimentioned for site and Style tolerances So thot the right information con be conveyed The Appevavarce ard sire of the dimensions a. and style of dimensions. Text with oy without tolerances and the layer on which dimensions oxe placed con be Controlled by setting dimension Voriable- 3) Object Snap: The: OSNAP idler > identifies points on drawing‘entities that ore visible on the screen. The option ol the user to pick the points very accurately With Yespect to drawing: | ENEAvest: Closest point on on entity OCENter :- Centye of circle ov are | ANMLDpoint:- Midpoint of line oy ave COEND point:- Closest end point of line ov are % INTersection:- Intersection of 40 lines:Oxes | © TANgent »- Tangent toan aye or civele: © Buadrants- Location of Guadvont points "Cela SZ Céntey Midpoint: — ENDPONE Ite section ee 9 | x $ er 3 if BvAdvart 9) 2con'- This is the Tost Common method of magnifying o Portion OF Curent drawing onthe screen. The povtion of drawing tobe 2oomed is usually selected by a window A Windows is identified by picki OF a vectarge axpund the area OF interests 20m also,Also helps in helps Improveing the accuracy OF drawwi |the detoils: oF drawings: Editing OF A Browing: e Gd Rotate: i x etic We: c ' en | ( | Dy ' | ie. a 8 spy DDR Pegs | |, Angina! Minor imoge -y y a ° id Copy iv) Mivvor Comenon drawing editing Commands The fundarnental cornmands to edit o.drowing ove ) Move Moves Selected objects to anether location abouta base point: 2) Rotate Rototes Selected chjects Hugh a specified angle about a base point: > Copy'- Creates one or move copies OF selected abjects at another location: The function of Copy Commands is similay | to Move Command except that it Presesves copy OP the Objects Selected of the original location.[eo ee the eee Obyects 4) Mirror:- Greates a mixvor Image oF olout ospecified line \ multiple copies cf selected 5) Array:- The command creates This is a form of | objects in rectangular © polar fom - | COpy Command: [Erase This command. retrieves ail objects erased by th lost evose and after executing block oY Whock meee 3) Qops:-This command eretrieves alt objects erased by the last erase and after executing block o% wblock command |6)Exase:- This Command deletes the selected entities A Yecord Of erased entities is always maintained The most vecent entity con be unerased by the Oops commana: |8)Break:- This command eases o portion oF line axe, |Civele OY O 2D polyline between 00 selected paints: |9)Fillet:- This command is used to creat a und Comer Detoeen two lines: The lines ore shortened ov extended: to Pit a tangent axe of Specified Yadius. Fillet works as any Combination of two lines, arcs, circles, NON- Parallel lines ov a Polyline Va 10) Chamfer~ This command wutks on two lines oa single polyline to creat o bevelled edge "Extend This Command works on two lines or a extends |ines, paylines ores to the baundony edges toni con ne_ Polyline, aves: A closed Polygon cannot be exchanged When you invoke this command you Will be psompted to Select the boundayy edges These edges can be lines, Polyiines, civcles, ayes, ellipse, Yoys, Splines etc Aftexm the boundary edges are selected; you must Select each object tobe extended: a) OFPset- The command creates o povallel single copy oF line, ove ,civele, Yectargle, polygon ov sopolyline at 0. given offset distance - Fach oPfeset creates a new entity with the same line type: Colouv and layer sets. I3)Stretch:- This command can either lengthen entities ov Shoyten them, ard thus oftey theiy shape w)Txinn- This command trims the dbjects that extend beyond Greguired point of intersection then you invoke this command , you Will! be Prompted to select the cutting edges: These edges can be anything: After the edges ave Selected: you must Select each object to timmal An object Cam be Cutting edge- '5) Scale: This Command allows you to enlorge Oy shsink the already existing drawing objects 16) Pedit-This command ts exclusively used for editing oF Polyline properties-The selected entity canbe added toan | existing payline by an Tin option: Asmocty cusue passing — thapugh alt the vertices of pol line con be created UsingFit aption-Similavly o Spline con be Constructed by using the | SPLINE option: 19) Explode This command breakes o polyline into its wdividually individual Segments: These Segments thot can be edited and Yejoined again to form on edited polyline- 8) Ui-This Command Yeverse the affect of a series of Previously Used Commands and hence allows back: stepping: The REDO Command wipes cut the PPfect of U command. Advanced Features OF Auto Ga > Built in Ps0gYomming language Auto Lisp provides PaogYomming environment so that Autolod commands Can be called along with pmgroms written foy Computation: SProwing exchange files (Oxe) ard Script files con be used to Ng ng interface AutoCad witn programs Lositten in any Othey high level languages. c: OxF and IGES file fosmot allows excharc of drawing files: > Auto CAD provides techniques to define and extroct attributes of entities “This feature is used in extracting information Psom o drawing for Processing by other Prgms or to tansfer to dotabase Y Vis ye| | ; i Line: You can invoke the Line commond by choosing the line Foot fmm tine drow ponnel ey you Conalso invoke the Live tool by entering LINE oy L at the command psompt- You will |Move to specify the starting paint of the line by chicking |Mouse then you will be psompted to specify the Second point you can teminate +he line command ly Pressing ENTER, ESC ov SPACE BAR. Fillet A Fillet ov Round connect two digits with a tangent Ove IN 2D. Ov Creat o rounded transition between the JOdjocent faces OF 03D solid. An inside comer [5 called 0 Fillet Evose:- Sometimes, you Need 40 erase the unwanted objects from the hject draun: To erase an Object Choose exase tool fron the modify panel: To invoke the modify teal box choose Wew 9 Laindecs > toolloo $ AutoCAD 5 Modify the vibbaoLineay dirnensions can be horizontal, J Lineay Dmensions: | commond deper vd Ng On how you lvexticle oy alinged wrth | Imove the cursory when placing tne text Radiat Dimensions A Radial measures the vodius ov and Ccivele & aith an optional contre Wwe | Idiameter of aves | ov contre mavk ChamPer- A chamfer ov level connects #20 ddjects with an | angled line in 20 oy creates O” angled foce between | lthe adjacent foces of a 3p Solid | Limits: Tn Auto CAD, drawing ore dran in full Scale | therefore limits are needed to site up adiogram oreo. he | [limits are set by Specifying X and ¥ Coordinates: LLC and pore of dyauwing area: By default Lic is Set to Od and URe iseet to (12.9) for imperial Pile and (u20, 210) fov metric field 2o0m:- This is most Common method of magnifying o portior of current drawing onthe Screen: The Portion of drawing to be Yoomed is usually Selected bya windaw is identified bby picking upthe diagonal comers Of arectangle cevund the Oven of interest 20m also help imprpving the accuvacy of drawn by enloxging the details oP drawing: Are: This command is used to daw an ave accurately: Usually there ore 3 porameters equired for drawing on avep-paint Ave Are is dyoun by Specifing, neo schord of aye: The first and third points define and end points of the orc | Stavt- Centre: ‘Tis needs the stort and contye point oF pine ave: The thivd parameter May be the end Paint: “Indulded Angle ov length of chovd | Start - end: This option asks the usey to enter the start Y end points: The ave is Completed either by Specifying Yodius oY Included angle or contre pointa i \ ee arerord’ by COST te eee Ta) SN en . the LINE Co’ [Line You can invoke iawke the LINE tool \ fool Paom the drow panel ov You one 9 Line ov L at the Command : Oy: tomminate tne line prompt: You wil! have | by entexin to specify tne Second pant you © command by pressing ENTER ESC Cirle A circle is drown by using nie x diPperent foals Ue 1 olojects - to tw tangent | ox SPACE BAR | jhe civele command you can dvou Civele by using by sl Specifying there point on o civele tangent to theiy Object Fillet- A Fillet oy Yound connect two digits with otangent on between the ave 1s 2D: oy Creates a Younded ; transiti corner is called Adjacent faces of a 3D Solid: AN inside Fillet Evose:- Some times, you need to evase tne unwanted object: Peo the object drawn, to exase On Object Choose evase tool Pm the modify panel to invoke tne modify tool ark Choose : View > usindow >tod loov > Auto CAD > Modify far the Yibbon. Lineay dimensions: Lineay dimensions Can be horizontal vertical oy alinged witty Command depending On how you move tne Cursor When placing the text: Radial Dimensions: A ‘Radial dimension meosuyes the Yodius oY diameter of ores and Civcle Lith an optical placing the text’ contre line ox centeymork-N\— Ye jose “line aneerer icoee ee Dimensions also eatecs chained dimension ore multiple dimensions plated erd to rd measured fm same location Limits:- In Auto CAD 1 drawing Ove drawn in full Seale |aneve fore limits ave needed to Size up adiagronn aveo ite limits ave Set by Specifying * and Y coordinates LLC lis set to Coro) and URC is Set to (1X4) oy immperio) File | Fand (20.210) for metric field: This is most common method of magnifying oa an tne Screen The portion of | ly selected by o window is Comers of rectangle p imprxmDving | Zoom:- portion OF current drawing drauing +0 be 2oomed is usual identified by picking up tne diagonal © aren of interest Boom also hel axspund th the occurocy ot dyouing: drown by enlorging the details of 7s