NURHIDAYAH BINTI MOHAMED ESA 260159

BPME3033 E-COMMERCE

University Utara Malaysia

College of Business- School of Business Management
BPME 3033 – Electronic Commerce
APRIL SEMESTER 2022/2023 SESSION – JA 221
ASSIGNMENT 1 (10%)

QUESTION 1
Without the Web and the Internet, e-commerce would be a fraction of its current size. The
Web has enabled e-commerce to explode rapidly because of its ability to store and display
product information (enabling order entry), receive payments, allow consumers to search for
products, and support a wide range of commercial communication. Explain the development
of the World Wide Web including the key players.
(25 Marks)

CERN is not an isolated laboratory, but rather the focal point for an extensive
community that includes more than 17 000 scientists from over 100 countries. Although they
typically spend some time on the CERN site, the scientists usually work at universities and
national laboratories in their home countries. Reliable communication tools are therefore
essential. The basic idea of the WWW was to merge the evolving technologies of computers,
data networks and hypertext into a powerful and easy to use global information system. Tim
Berners-Lee, a British researcher, concocted the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989, while
working at CERN.
The Web was initially imagined and created to satisfy the need for mechanized data
dividing among researchers in colleges and organizations all throughout the planet Tablet
computers are on the ascent, and these well-known gadgets might be working with changes in
client conduct, running from what sort of content clients devour to how those clients
cooperate with that substance. These progressions could influence online retailers in spaces
of webpage configuration, website highlights, substance, and promoting. The Internet is a
global network of organizations while the Web, additionally eluded officially as World Wide
Web (www) is assortment of data which is gotten to through the Internet. One more approach
to take a gander at this distinction is; the Internet is framework while the Web is
administration on top of that foundation.

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QUESTION 2
The very nature of the client computer itself is changing by becoming much smaller and more
mobile. Smartphones and tablet computers are leading the charge here, and in the next five
years we should expect to see these devices continue to shrink by an order of magnitude
while increasing in power. Analyze the FIVE (5) types of effects that tablet computers are
having on e-commerce. (25 Marks)

Nowadays we all know that currently those mobile devices are faster transforming
business, in particular the world of e-commerce. Technology sophisticated now rise of
smartphones, tablets, and phablets has led to so many shifts—from little tweaks (such as the
need for bigger, clearer fonts) to huge strategic moves (the current payment wars)—that just
keeping track of it all can feel overwhelming.

1. Mobile wallets (aka digital wallets).

Using mobile wallets, customers can store debit card or credit card details,
shipping addresses and other payment details. Instead of tediously re-entering card
details and personal information every time they make a purchase, customers can
quickly and conveniently checkout in just a few clicks.

2. Shopping Behavior
Today that’s all changed. Always-connected mobile devices let us shop from
anywhere, and so have fundamentally changed shopping behaviour. In particular,
mobile has broken down the wall between physical retailers and digital sellers. For
example, according to recent data from Experian, 97% of tablet owners have made a
purchase on their device, and 83% have engaged in shopping-related activities
immediately before, during, or after visiting a store. Smart-devices became prevalent,
online purchases were constrained by location—you really only could shop while at a
desktop/laptop computer that had an Internet connection.

3. Purchasing Behavior
Accompanying the overall shift in shopping behaviour is a change in purchasing

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behaviour. Oddly, mobile devices have altered the process in two contrasting ways. On
one hand mobile has made “showrooming”—viewing an item in a brick-and-mortar
store and then buying it later online—more common. Business Insider estimates that 59
million American shoppers did this last year, meaning that the purchasing timeline for a
significant number of transactions has become elongated. On the flip side, the
immediacy of mobile devices has also shortened the purchase process in other cases. A
study by The Integer Group found 15% of all mobile commerce purchases now occur
extremely quickly (within a couple of minutes of discovery).

4. Contactless mobile payments.

To create a better multiple channel of experience, contactless mobile payments
use mobile wallets to facilitate payments in-store. If the customer has already inputted
their payment information into a mobile wallet — typically Apply Pay, Google Pay or
Samsung Pay — they can then use their mobile wallet when making payments at a
physical store. Other than that, which is swiping a credit or debit card or paying with
cash, all they have to do is place their phone near a supported terminal to validate and
transmit payment.

5. Functionality
User experience and functionality are a crucial part of mobile commerce, and in
many ways the simplest to understand. Basically, your site must work well on a device
for a sale to occur. That means both the small things and the big things must be done
right. In particular, consumers expect that core e-commerce functions such as “add to
cart” work smoothly and error free. This mobile-optimized functionality can make or
break an e-commerce offering. Of course, getting it right isn’t easy. Mobile
functionality isn’t just one thing. Beyond the multiple design theories (such as
responsive design vs. dedicated mobile sites), there is the broader problem of needing
to account for both mobile apps and mobile websites. Moreover, there are myriad
smartphone screen sizes to think about.

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QUESTION 3
Discuss the FIVE (5) disadvantages of credit cards as the standard for online payments. How
does requiring a credit card for payment discriminate against some consumers?
(25 Marks)

The reason can be so many people are choice to do strongly anti-credit card is that they’ve
seen how much trouble people can get themselves into by using credit cards irresponsibly.
Moreover, most of them also maintain that even for those who carry a lower balance (or none
at all), using credit cards is a bad financial move.
 Minimum Due
One of the major disadvantages of a credit card is the minimum due amount mentioned at the
top of the credit card statement. A lot of credit card holders, especially the new ones, mistake
the minimum due amount for the total credit card bill amount and do not pay the bill amount
in full. Due to this, users believe that their credit card bill is actually low and eventually end
up spending a higher amount and paying high interest charges.
 High Interest Charges
There is a very high interest rate applicable on the billed amount using a credit card, which
may eventually lead you to high debts. However, this interest is applicable only in case of late
payments of the credit amount.
 Fraudulence
Even though credit cards are considered one of the safest financial tools, they may still be
susceptible to online frauds. Fraudsters or thieves may also steal your credit card information
and make improper use of the same. Additionally, if the fraudulent transaction is made by
any third party, it becomes the cardholder’s responsibility to inform the bank within three
days of occurrence of the transaction.
 Surcharges
Upon making a certain specific payment using a credit card, you might have to incur an
additional fee known as surcharge. This fee, is however, generally applicable on expenses
made on fuel and railway bookings.

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 Limited Cash Withdrawal
Unlike debit cards, cash withdrawals from credit cards charge a fee. There is an applicable
annual interest rate of around 40% (3.35% per month) on withdrawing cash using a credit
card.
QUESTION 4
Wi-Fi was the first commercially viable standard for wireless local area networks. In a Wi-Fi
network, a wireless access point connects to the Internet directly via a broadband connection
(cable or DSL telephone or T1 line), and then transmits radio signals to other
transmitters/receivers usually installed in laptop computers. Compare and contrast the
capabilities of Wi-Fi and 3G/4G wireless networks.
(25 Marks)

Nowadays all of us will using internet connection either using mobile data or WiFi to
doing daily work task that need to be done using internet connection. WiFi is the nickname
for a wireless Internet connection and is accessed by devices which are equipped with a
wireless network card that communicates with the wireless router. WiFi also have
differences by 3G and 4G wireless connection.

From this point we can see that the 3G internet access was stands for Third
Generation wireless technology. It is called third generation because it follows two previous
generations known as 1G which was initiated in the early 1980s for use with cellular
technology and 2G which was established in the 1990s for cellular communications
technology. Both of types of Internet access would not support current applications however
they were considered to be efficient for their time. Next, 3G connectivity also improved
efficiency which operates at greater speed than 1G or 2G and also provides more broadband
capability than WiFi.

Moreover the implementation of 3GPP marked the beginning of Evolution Data

Optimized or EVDO which increases download speeds of up to 2.4Mbps and UMB or Ultra
Mobile Broadband which is capable of speeds of up to 288Mbps (megabytes per second)
when downloading data to your mobile device. Furthermore, is also have 3G mobile
broadband offers significant improvements over WiFi access which provides more efficiency

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for streaming video applications, using videoconferencing applications such as Skype, and
browsing the Internet at higher speeds than a WiFi connection.

Similarly with 3G, 4G internet access commonly referred to as Fourth Generation

wireless technology is the most recent form of mobile broadband Internet access. It offers
higher capabilities than 3G connectivity since it offers a higher rate of data transfer. 4G is
typically offered via an LTE network or Long Term Evolution network and via a WiMAX
network. LTE is capable of offering speeds of up to 100Mbps where a WiMAX network
offers speeds of up to 70Mbps.

Likewise, 4G follows 3G technology you can consider it as an upgraded connection

which is capable of more bandwidth and more services. With 4G you can stream high
definition video, engage in videoconferencing at much higher data transfer rates, and utilize
other applications which enable ubiquitous computing, meaning you can access virtually any
bandwidth-intensive application from any location which has access to a 4G connection. In
the same way, it offers more capability due to the fact that it is an end-to-end connection
which provides some real advantages when it comes to running the most recent applications.

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