2.1 Respiratory Diseases

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS,
MODULE 1: WORKING WITH OTHER ORGAN SYSTEMS
LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Infer how ones lifestyle can affect the functioning of respiratory and circulatory system.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Name diseases that can affect the respiratory system; and
2. explain the causes of respiratory diseases.
SUBJECT MATTER: Respiratory System

SUBTOPIC: Diseases of Respiratory system
OVERVIEW
Your body is a fascinating creation that can carry out incredible tasks and activities. It is like a
machine that is able to function with proper organization of parts and systems. However, our bodies also require
proper care and maintenance. It is just fitting to keep going with a healthy lifestyle to ensure that each part is
maintained appropriately while getting the most out of it.
By this time, you have already learned about the function and parts of the respiratory system. You
have discovered how important it is to your life. The respiratory system is vulnerable because it allows air into its
passages. When air enters the passages of the respiratory system, it brings with it things that might cause
more harm than good.
ELICIT
Directions: Label the parts of respiratory system.
1.
5.
2.
6.
3.
4.
Science Bites: A Science 9 Module

ENGAGE
1. How will you describe a person suffering from corona virus?
2. What particular body system/organs is affected by this kind of virus?
EXPLORE
Activity 1:
Respiratory Diseases Notes
Directions: Complete the table below.
Table 1: Diseases of Respiratory System

Diseases/Disorder Signs/Symptoms Cause Treatment
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
EXPLAIN
1. What are the diseases of respiratory system?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the causes of the diseases of respiratory system

___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. How does ones lifestyle affects the respiratory system?

___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
ELABORATE
Disorders of the Respiratory System
The disorders of the respiratory system are usually manifested as coughing or

difficulty in breathing. These are the symptoms of a disease. Below are some conditions and their symptoms
.
 Pneumonia
Pneumonia is a disease in which the bronchioles and the alveolar sacs become inflamed due to
infection. Bacteria that cause pneumonia are present even in healthy throats. When the body’s defences are
weakened, the bacteria multiply and cause damage. They work their way into the lungs and get stuck in the
alveolar sacs, which then get inflamed. Viruses and chemical
irritants can also cause pneumonia.
A person who has pneumonia usually has a fever and cough and has difficulty breathing. The
difficulty in breathing is caused by the excessive mucus secretion that prevents gas exchange. Pneumonia is
cured with antibiotics that kill the bacteria inside the lungs.
Other areas of the tracheobronchial tree can also suffer from bacterial or viral
infection. The suffix -itis (which means disease or inflammation) is attached to the name of the affected part to
indicate that that part has inflammation and infection.
Hence, you could have pharyngitis, laryngitis, bronchitis and bronchiolitis. These
diseases are not as severe as pneumonia, but they can all cause a person to have difficulty breathing.

ELABORATE
 Asthma
Asthma is a condition characterized by hypersensivity of the lungs. The passages of the
respiratory system are sensitive to allergens, which are substances that can cause irritation. This
sensitiveness of the air passages serves to protect the respiratory system. However, some people’s
respiratory system are much too sensitive that they often suffer allergic reaction, manifested as wheezing
and difficulty in breathing.
Asthma still has no cure. Drugs are either inhaled or taken to relax the constricting hyper-
reactive airways. But these are just temporary measures. Asthma attacks usually occur again after a while.
 Emphysema
Smoking is bad for the respiratory system. It destroys the delicate structures of the lungs and
the tracheobronchial tree. It also deposits harmful substances inside the lungs. A person who smokes is 4 to
25 times more likely to develop emphysema than non smokers. Smoking cut short a person’s life span. Diana
was diagnosed to have emphysema.
Emphysema is characterized by abnormal permanent enlargements of the alveoli, caused by
the destruction of the alveolar walls. This destruction is usually due to the chemical irritants found in
tobacco smoke. There is no cure for emphysema. The alveolar walls cannot be repaired, hence smoking must
be stopped to prevent further damage.
 Lung Cancer
Smoking destroys the respiratory system, since harmful substances like tar and nicotine from
cigarettes are deposited in the lungs. This affects the natural capacity of the lung to rid themselves of waste
materials, hence more of these wastes accumulate. When the damage from chemicals becomes too much,
the bronchial cells become malignant. This causes lung cancer, a fatal condition.
Lung cancer can be prevented by quitting tobacco smoking. Even with active medical
treatment, people with lung cancer usually die within a few years after the onset of the disease.
 Rhinitis
Rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal cavity. Like asthma, rhinitis is an allergic reaction to
dust and pollutants. This allergic reaction causes the mucus membranes of the nose to secrete too much
fluid. Allergic rhinitis is very difficult to treat because it is a recurring condition. The best way to control it is
to avoid the substances that can cause allergic reactions.
 Tuberculosis
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a common infection of the lungs that occurs especially
among people living in developing countries. It is caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis
which are transmitted between persons in crowded places.
The bacteria stay inside the lungs and are very hard to eliminate. However, an anti-TB drug
regimen is available, which the patients usually have to take for months. If left untreated, TB can destroy the
lungs and spread to other parts of the body, such as the bones and intestines.

EVALUATION
Write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is wrong.
__________1. Pulmonology is the study of the respiratory system.

__________2. Asthma is characterized by hypersensitivity of the lungs
__________3. Rhinitis and asthma are similar.
__________4. Pneumonia is an infection of the nose
__________5. Tuberculosis is easy to cure.
EXTEND
1. Study today’s lesson.
2. Have some readings about diseases of circulatory system.
REFERENCES
BOOKS
Alvarez Liza A etal; (2014) Science 9 Learners Module: FEP Printing Corporation
Campbell, N. Biology. 4th ed. USA: The Benjamin and Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., 1988.
Rischer, C. and T. Easton. Focus on Human Biology. 2nd ed. Harper Collins College Publishers, 1995
Van de Graaff, K. and Stuart I.F. Forx. Concepts of Human Anatomy and Physiology. 2nd ed. Iowa:
WM Brown Publishers, Iowa, 1985.
Vellocott. Jane and S. Side. Understanding Advanced Human Biology. Hodden and Stoughton, 1998.

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS,

MODULE 1: WORKING WITH OTHER ORGAN SYSTEMS

SUBJECT MATTER: Respiratory System

Science Bites: A Science 9 Module

Table 1: Diseases of Respiratory System

Science Bites: A Science 9 Module

2. What are the causes of the diseases of respiratory system

3. How does ones lifestyle affects the respiratory system?

The disorders of the respiratory system are usually manifested as coughing or

Science Bites: A Science 9 Module

Science Bites: A Science 9 Module

__________1. Pulmonology is the study of the respiratory system.

Science Bites: A Science 9 Module

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