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Lecture 3 Class Exercise

This document contains examples of arguments and non-arguments from a logic lecture. It also contains exercises to identify arguments in passages and express them in standard form. The passages discuss topics like animal sentience, education quality, vaccinations, drug policy, welfare policy, gas mileage, vehicle emissions policy and more. Students are tasked with determining whether a conclusion is present, identifying premises and conclusions, and putting arguments in standard form.

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Percy Wong
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54 views

Lecture 3 Class Exercise

This document contains examples of arguments and non-arguments from a logic lecture. It also contains exercises to identify arguments in passages and express them in standard form. The passages discuss topics like animal sentience, education quality, vaccinations, drug policy, welfare policy, gas mileage, vehicle emissions policy and more. Students are tasked with determining whether a conclusion is present, identifying premises and conclusions, and putting arguments in standard form.

Uploaded by

Percy Wong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UGED1111D/E Logic Lecture 3 Argument Identification: Class Exercise

Determine whether each of the following contains any argument. If yes, identify the conclusion.
If no, briefly explain why. (E.g. it is only (i) an unsupported assertion; (ii) a report; (iii) a single
conditional statement; or (iv) an explanation).
1) Since animals are sentient beings, we should not consume them for food.
答：Yes, C = we should not consume animal for food.

2) Since rabbits have a nervous system structurally similar to that of human, they are sentient
beings
答：於絕大多數的語境中，兔子具感知能力、能感受痛楚 = 已知的事實 → 解釋

3) If public education fails to improve the quality of instruction in both primary and secondary
schools, then it is likely that it will lose students to the private sector.
答：無肯定任何事實 → 條件述句

4) I have decided to get vaccinated, because it is no serious side effects and provides effective
protection against the virus.
答：C = (therefore,) I have decided to get vaccinated = 已經決定 = 已知事實 → 解釋
5) It is strongly recommended that you have your house inspected for termite damage at the
earliest possible opportunity.

答：描述一件事情 → unsupported assertion

6) 因為近年醫院嚴重人手不足，所以大學培訓了更多醫護人員應付需求。

答：已經培訓了更多醫護人員 → 已知事實 → 解釋

Identify any hidden premises and/or conclusion in each of the following passages. Then put the
arguments in standard form. Note that the passage may contain more than one argument. In
that case, identify which of them is the main argument.
6) Gold is a metal. Therefore it conducts electricity.
答：P2: All metals can conduct electricity.

7) Philosophical works written by Scottish philosophers are difficulty to understand. Hence it is


difficult to understand Hume’s book Treatise on Human Nature.
答：P2: Treatise on Human Nature is a philosophical work.
P3: (David) Hume is a Scottish Philosopher.

8) We should impose death penalty on people trafficking illegal drugs for the reason that
death penalty has the greatest deterrence effect among all forms of legal punishment.
答：P2: (should = 應該，價值判斷) we should impose the kind of punishment that had the
greatest deterrence effect

Identify the argument(s) in each of the following passages. Put the argument(s) in standard
form. No need to fill out any hidden premises.
9) Getting poor people off the welfare rolls requires that we modify their behaviour patterns.
The vast majority of people on welfare are high school dropouts, single parents or people
who abuse alcohol. These behaviour patterns frustrate any desire poor people may have to
get a job and improve their condition in life.

(Co-premises)

P1) 絕大多數領取福利的人是高中輟學者、單親父母或酗酒者。

P2) 這些行為模式挫敗了窮人可能必須找到工作並改善生活狀況的任何願望。

C) 讓窮人脫離福利榜要求我們改變他們的行為方式。

10) If this car gets good gas mileage, then it is good for the environment. If this car does not get
good gas mileage, then I do not want it. This car is not good for the environment. Therefore (d)
I do not want it.

12) (a) Government’s policy to encourage zero-emission vehicles won’t work because (b) only
electric cars quality as zero-emission vehicles, and (c) electric cars won’t sell. (d) They are too
expensive, and the (e) recharging facilities are generally not available.

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