BL20223S00o3St
21BCE1284 (man Rautwo uL)
CSE3004 DeS ig Awauyeiz o
HgontHim
DamuC Pro frammu na s Mounly an
oPHnmuzatiOn O VeAplain reursm
WheiVO w e see a TeCnsive2
SoluiOn tnat a s Yepe ated Calls
fA Cam Puts, we Can dptimize
i6woig dy namac Pa0gYammirg
Lt g doveloped b Rchamd Bell
Man n
b s iCay i t Ued to Solve L
| wnstao_oh mz aHion PaobRem
in wich dyna mic Meang re ferena
to Hn aMd Po rammun meang
Ylanw ng tob wliution
L+ PassegstwO Importonteleme n
W ch a as iveh!
DD 9vontappina Sub PAoblem ?
FLR G P0blom whee_
+wG 2hmose P o blo ng shal
he Same e a Qwdl Con not be
reateddis Hmcyo incepeh
Spiral
30 Date..
basicoU thee two uOug
foo hand ung hel:OveAloppi
Sub p0bLems
a op edown apPooach
A A Pob om úbroken into Sub
PeobRom and these Subpsoblem
0 So\ved and he Soluio hs
o remembeed. în lase if ho
aFo be Solved tm futwne whu'
cn
mea nS n a t He Voulues CL Stove
docta Stsutue, whncn
heP o to O ACh aom-
HHueki\y whon Hhe S ame prob|em
wi OccL dwu he POuram
exeutHn
D) Ottom wP aPPsoooh
Lt te med a9+0bulatimehngo.
Ln Swbyo b e m8 ae
ded to be Solved in Ouolvanco
and he Wsed to bu l
C SolutiO to te la ge
GPtimal S StructwL-The optimd
9oluti ono heOvocuUPob Jo COM
he Congtu ted0rom o PHml
Date.
o lutOns to u Sub po b lema
matricg size X2 28 4, x2
Ond2 x3, Hae m orix m m2
20
In tus Corge, +he (ea0t
multt-
Catim nd Opim al Segunces
mc ri A2) (2X
hswOudd ber epsog ented by te
hN rouah m thot Oe
Yom top e corlto
COSho
me nw munm van
Spiral
pil
Date....
OTime comple XI fy olefihed as the
QmounteHietken b n
akgooth m guh,as a funcHon a
the lengh_Ch he input
Lt me 03UNL he Hme tq Len tP_
xeut eah Stcment ok
In gn lgorithm
he
Dt uu not 9aing to examine
total exectHm Hme c{ an algorthm.
KaTha, ut u i n to v e infoM-1
Ltom_O0b u the V0i Oti N (ncreage
Os decrease) in exeution Hmne
whRnth humbea eope rajiOng
imcreage ay decy ecae) in Cn
ala oTIfhm
e as Hhe amountt e ime faken
s un Ction C Aength oIPu?
Only
ut Stast by 0senvihg hat:
A 19naua L us deciola by ln
oLgoni thm A EA ntar tg
A-4 and EL A(x)=o
Spiral
Date..
A ana uae L belOngs to NP 1E Qnd
ony If here eust O too-tput
Poly hom c l 1 e Olgorithm A and
OCOhsta C Such h a t
l=szeSo,2 thee exist a
C ifiCat wfth IH=)9uch
hat A(x,)=12
FO0 i s beVOtion we Con see
hot tor 0ach languaR Lin NP,
heha ig Cn Al2onHhnm A tat Can
Ve eah jtem_X un Lm
Poly nomual ime 4ven a Cati PiCat
y wi
wit na
Te died if aAven E 0,1* J
Cnt ven nguaGL NP
c o deteie hee a
t i t coau
CLa tha ccep Hg al arithm
A Can
TOduciou if Such uti tCole eu gt
we ee cd +e y a ascb.a y
o 2k wh I = 0| and
Spiral
Date...
Atte2 eyoluc i wa all 0g3SIbo
:Cer tH Co twtth A (X) uwe Ca
detes mi na for SueiE theu exuSt
CtifA CoU o which AMA
1 forte en
Hena,thwe eust: an Alo: ho
Oecos Q language in_NP (2
Ut wth K Congtant.
F A Venlanguae L and t
OcLpHNG A_hig alGO: Al cooke
uS
AE 4er each y6 0,1
with ly|= ol
,
f A =1)hern retign
Sairal
Date..
Let13 Sa we 9 G Ve a St
and d Patt ernStri hg P and
tve uwdrnt to tocau ta gtTig
PbeinS_ end in String T
nu h length OString T
nd m u en g th CSiring P
hen bru f0Tce StringmtchNg
WIIL C03t OCmn) sun Hme becauoe
we Ce COns ideung even_ in dex
romO to n-m t3 Stati ho
molkx Sear ching On oth
hand, Lnuth morrisPrat (kMP)
String matchi ng agor uns in_
O (mtn) Hme to Hnda ecUhertou
patt
pat esn P_inS D
LMP culgs, a ep@CSSing u
olone n Paitean Sring P and an
CYY CU O lengm m Calcuated
One b ore upto m Choua tog.
The oASt Cose Comleu ty of the
Nahve 0ge us m(n-m+))
thei me Com plexito kMP algo
O ( n ) t'n wass Canst. The
N oivePatan SoaLOivg aLAO
cloo n t weik wet In Caeg whe
W_SL many motchi ng OoAQtesg
foloue d by i smateMng characky
Spiral
Date..
he Ncutive Patte9n Secuciug algoi
doegnlt u03P weu i CauAe uh0
we Soe ma mot ching cauaLles
folloued b mts matrhn
Ch cuaUe
x t EJ= AAAAAAA A AAAAB
p c J= AAAAB
The LmP m ctchi hg alg0 Tithm gea
Ceerorating Paopeti Patt ehh_
Sub-patt a3 n3
h w [ h a s a mm
e
o t han once
he pabten) h e pot esn and
o S t Cos e Comple
H
COm p R
t with Pcct
AAA AAb A A A BA
AAAA CInta)
moctchTusuig CQm
LeAnd a
N at| Ve Strng mot chngr.
eg
weCompanene
En n Xt StP
wIndo 2 t x t u Ih_pate
ytt AAA AR BA AABA
Pcu AAAA' PauteR h s hifte.d
Spiral
Date. *******
u whee KMP doeg 0pH mu zatn
o VO Naive_
h secomd imdou, we ComA
outh_A C_patten wi th fouta
C r re Wlnda
t t+ oleid whet he
inu,
O nou 1SE thee charados
wi anuway Ctch uwe sLped
t ch ug r s t hG nonac
Se CnUW MosTis PaH) atm
A A Huffmgnn Code e d to 2
Tepses ent tue ch aiat egg-
ySiug freque nia iven in queste
u tmann tre2 Can be
Spinal
O
Date...
Co do
1i110BO
1I:11
WIhg Poe f , Watching, gtring
Can e cecomm pse d a
1 O
L L La ie
thee u s t Potynomiou-tme
COmput ab e yédu ctiom unCio re
Such hak
Sarat
Date.
Define f-ff2) then
L w CPolyhomu a-Hme
Compu oub Re fun th or' S1,*> o,l
and
xEL f3() E La
ho lds
Mend
LEP
Sairat
Date..
P. NP and NPC are Clag ses
Yfobtens W '
CPmptotional
.o
C olvIng a ven PAoblenm
A Pho blem J Saud to b e 1
Cas s P I It Con be Solved t2
Po I no mu c HmQ mea hs
Co mpleuty o Soluti m uo
A Paobla m u Sauod to be in claas
NPC. C non dofes mu nu'stic Polynom
bo thhim h e e a s S NP Qnd
N - Maad, nmea h3 h a t u ug
the
A b m w gdd te be im las
N? CmOn e i nSH Potynonwal
H a n a n be VcHe9
i n Po nou ima
INO, 0 Wa sa0 pooblem Qnd
h ven dy,naL mi C PAeramn9
Sptral
Date..
The ol nap saa Pho bLe m us a
NP- hand Paobkom.
wel Lnow
meahg that c U Orleat
hech
G3 dUi HCulr_C e hon dust
P&0 blem im NP:
Hou e ve, Hhe mven dynamic
PApgra mmung2
wdo a meCoMp louty
nN) aich us polnontia
Hm CompRe xIH
he dna ue }fO9 ra Mw
f o taL LL Lnapsa k
YAob le m Us C olynomal Ham
CLgoifhm Cnd tHa Knap
Knap.sec__
Pob.lorm s i m tho CsS P
Spinal
