PROGRAM : EM220 SARJANA MUDA KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL

KURSUS : THERMOFLUIDS LAB 1 (MAKMAL THERMOBENDALIR 1)

KOD KURSUS : MEC454
PENSYARAH : MOHAMAD TOLHA BIN SUBHI

LAPORAN MAKMAL

TAJUK UJIKAJI: MARCET BOILER

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GROUP: EMD2M4A1

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 17/6/2021

1.0 TITLE: MARCET BOILER

2.0 OBJECTIVES:
The purpose of this experiment is:
i. To study the relationship between the pressure and temperature of saturated
steam in equilibrium with water.
ii. To obtain the saturated pressure curve.

3.0 INTRODUCTION
The Marcet Boiler is a benchtop device meant to demonstrate the boiling phenomena,
which is a fundamental principle in thermodynamics study. Students will be able to
 study the relationship between the pressure and temperature of saturated steam in
equilibrium with water. An ideal gas obeys the equation of state that the pressure,
specific volume or density, and absolute temperature with mass of molecule and the
gas constant, R. However, real gas does not absolutely obey the equation of state. A
few changes on the ideal gas equation of state allow its application in the properties of
real gas. The state of equilibrium depends on the pressure between the water surface
and steam. At lower pressure, the molecules become easier leaving the water surface
while less energy required in achieving the state of equilibrium (boiling point). The
temperature where equilibrium occurs at a given pressure level is called saturated
temperature. The Marcet Boiler is used to investigate the relationship between the
pressure and temperature of saturated steam in equilibrium with water at all
temperature levels experimental slope (dT/dP) SAT obtained is compared to the
theoretical value determined through calculation from the steam table.

4.0 APPARATUS
 THE MARCET BOILER – WL 204 UNIT

5.0 PROCEDURE

Filling the Boiler

1) The enclosed section of tubing is fitted to the overflow and ensure the valve is
opened.

2) The enclosed section of tubing is fitted to the drain and ensure the valve is closed.

3) The plug is removed from the filler opening and the water is poured into the boiler
until it emerges at the overflow.

Deaerating the Boiler

4) The boiler is heated up to 100℃ . The water is kept cook approximately one minute
to ensure the steam could pass through the open valve.

Shutting Down the Boiler

5) The unit at the master switch is switched off.

6) The boiler was left of until the pressure reading reach 1 atm.

Performing the Experiment

7) After the boiler cooled down at the pressure 1 atm, the unit at the master switch is
switched on.

8) The heater at the heater switch is switched on. The boiler was heated up.

9) The temperature and pressure values in increment of approximately 0.5 bar were
 determined and being recorded.

6.0 RESULTS
6.1 DATA

(Experimental data)
NO Pressure, relative Pressure, Steam
(bar) Absolute (bar) Temperature (0C)
1 0.5 1.5 106.6
2 1.0 2.0 115.8
3 1.5 2.5 122.9
4 2.0 3.0 128.6
5 2.5 3.5 133.7
6 3.0 4.0 138.2
7 4.0 5.0 146.5
8 5.0 6.0 153.6
9 6.0 7.0 159.6
10 7.0 8.0 165.2
11 8.0 9.0 170.0
12 9.0 10.0 174.5
13 10.0 11.0 178.6
14 11.0 12.0 182.5
15 12.0 13.0 186.1
16 13.0 14.0 189.7
17 14.0 15.0 192.6
18 15.0 16.0 195.5

(Theoretical Data)
No Absolute/Steam Steam temperature
pressure(bar) (OC) [Tsat]
1 1.5 111.35
2 2.0 120.21
3 2.5 127.41
4 3.0 133.52
5 3.5 138.86
6 4.0 143.61
7 5.0 151.83
8 6.0 158.83
9 7.0 164.95
10 8.0 170.41
11 9.0 175.35
12 10.0 179.88
13 11.0 184.06
14 12.0 187.96
15 13.0 191.60
16 14.0 195.04
17 15.0 198.29
18 16.0 201.27
6.2 SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

(Single interpolation to get Tsat at 16.0bar of absolute/steam pressure)

Refer to table A-5
(1750-1500)/(1750-1600) = (205.72-198.29)/(205.72-Tsat)
Tsat = 201.27OC
Percentage error = (|Experimental value – Theoretical value|/|Theoretical value|)
x 100
= (|106.6 – 111.35|/|111.35|) x 100
= 4.27%
7.0 DISCUSSIONS
It is necessary to remove all air from the boiler before beginning the
experiment. This is due to the possibility that air will influence the
precision of the experimental results. The accurate equilibrium
measurements between the steam and the boiling water will not be
obtained if the air is not moved. To boost the pressure, a lower water
temperature will be necessary due to the partial pressure of air. Moreover,
trapped air in the boiler might cause the boiler to fail. The relation between
pressure and temperature appears to be directly proportional in the graphs,
with a small difference between the observed and theoretical slopes.
Measurement or reading accuracy, room temperature and pressure,
material stability, and computations are all sources of errors. When a
liquid absorbs enough heat energy, it transforms into a vapour. Because
the steam cannot escape, the pressure rises, causing the temperature to rise

8.0 IDEAS FOR IMPROVEMENT / SUGGESTIONS FOR THE EXPERIMENT

Before we begin the experiment, we must first review the manual lab that has been
given to us. As a result, we will be able to conduct the experiment smoothly and
thoroughly comprehend the device and procedures. We should also develop our
abilities and experience to ensure that the experiment runs smoothly. Minor errors in
this lab's data can occur in a variety of ways. The first step is to inspect and repair any
leaks in the boiler. This is to guarantee that an accurate reading is always taken during
the experiment. The second piece of advice is to conduct this experiment using solely
distilled water. The rationale for this is to prevent corrosion and other harm to the
boiler. The third suggestion is that you do not need to drain the water from the boiler.
This is since there is no rusting element in the boiler that may cause serious
equipment damage. Ideas for improvement that can be done for this experiment is the
position of the eye when taking the data. To prevent parallax error, the eye level must
be perpendicular to the reading when recording the data. This is to ensure that the
measurement being taken is as close as possible to the actual value. Lastly, to obtain
cumulative readings, the experiment could be repeated three times.
9.0 MAKE AVAILABLE RELEVANT INFORMATION RELATED TO
THERMOFLUID TECHNOLOGIES CORRESPONDING TO LABORATORY
WORKS CARRIED OUT

9.1 EXPLANATION OF POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS

The boiler application is not rare nowadays because it becomes one of the
essential parts in our life. Example of the application of boiler that we can
observe in our daily routine is the water boiler that we used for cooking and
cleaning purpose. In industry application such as paper mills, boilers are used
for process, produce electrical power and for economical purpose. In electric
power plan, boiler is used to operate the turbines. Other than that, we can see
the application of boiler in steam engines for transportation such as in steam
ships or steam trains.

Figure shows paper mill boiler Figure shows boiler in power plant

Figure shows steam train Figure shows steam ship

10.0 CONCLUSIONS

Temperature and pressure are approximately proportionate in balance

with water, as shown in the experiment by the table and theory. With the
exception of a few minor faults, this experiment may be considered a success.
To improve the quality and efficiency, the experiment should be conducted at
room temperature with all air conditioners turned off, as well as by repeating
the experiment and obtaining the average value. The experiment might be
more accurate if some insulation was retained on the Marcet boiler to prevent
heat loss.

11.0 REFERENCES

i. Zan, M. M. (n.d.). Lab Report Thermodynamic Marcet Boiler. Academia.edu.

https://www.academia.edu/31859057/Lab_Report_Thermodynamic_Marcet_Boile
r
ii. Syahiirah, N. (n.d.). CHE144 - Lab Report : Marcet Boiler (2015). Academia.edu.
https://www.academia.edu/11843064/CHE144_Lab_Report_Marcet_Boiler_2015
_
iii. This Experiment Marcet Boiler Engineering Essay. UKEssays.com. (n.d.).
https://www.ukessays.com/essays/engineering/this-experiment-marcet-boiler-
engineering-essay.php.
iv. Liyana, E.-zaty. (2018, March 15). Marcet Boiler - Lab Report. Essays24.com -
Term Papers and Free Essays.
https://www.essays24.com/essay/Marcet-Boiler/83643.html.
v. MARCET BOILER. PA Hilton. (n.d.). https://www.p-a-hilton.co.uk/products/heat-
transfer/marcet-boiler.