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Natural h A
Vegetation wi t
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Geography
Class 10

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ICSE

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Amplify Learning
 Syllabus (ICSE, 10) ok
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Natural Vegetation
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A. Importance of forests.

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B. Types of vegetation (tropical evergreen,

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tropical deciduous, tropical desert, littoral
and mountain), distribution and correlation

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with their environment.

i f y C. Forest conservation - meaning and

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methods (afforestation, reafforestation,
social forestry, and farm forestry)

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 What do you mean by the
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term ‘Natural Vegetation’?
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 Natural vegetation refers to a plant
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community which has grown naturally

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without human aid.

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 They have been left undisturbed by humans
for a long time.

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 Thus, cultivated crops and fruits, orchards

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form part of vegetation but not natural

p l i vegetation.
 India has a variety of forests and natural

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A. Importance of Forests
 Forests serve as habitat for a
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variety of wildlife, living
organisms and also provide
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them with food and
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protection.
 Trees hold the soil by their

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roots and thus increase the
water holding capacity of the

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soil. They prevent soil erosion.
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 It helps in balancing carbon

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dioxide and oxygen of the

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atmosphere by taking in

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carbon dioxide and releasing
fresh oxygen Into the
atmosphere.
A. Importance of Forests
 There are a variety of
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plants available in forests
like herbs, shrubs, and
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trees depending upon
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the climate of that

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region.
 Help in maintaining the
water cycle of earth and
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bring rain.

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 Help in the prevention of

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global warming.
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 Act as a source of timber,

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fuel, bamboo, rubber, lac,
organic colors, gum,
resins, paper, etc.
 B. Types of vegetation k
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1. Tropical Evergreen
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2. Tropical Deciduous
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3. Tropical Desert

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4. Littoral
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5. Mountain

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1. Tropical Evergreen Forests

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 They are at their best in areas
having more than 200 cm of
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rainfall with a short dry season.

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 The trees reach great heights up to
60 metre or even above.
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 Since the region is warm and wet
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throughout the year, it has

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vegetation of all kinds — trees,
shrubs and creepers giving it a

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multilayered structure.
 There is no definite time for trees

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to shed their leaves - So, these
forests appear green all the year
round.
1. Tropical Evergreen Forests

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 These forests are restricted to
heavy rainfall areas of the Western
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Ghats and the island groups of

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Lakshadweep, Andaman and

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Nicobar, upper parts of Assam and
Tamil Nadu coast.

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1. Tropical Evergreen Forests

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 Some of the commercially
important trees of this forest are
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ebony, mahogany, rosewood,

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rubber and cinchona. Rubber
tree

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Cinchona tree which was used to make
Ebony tree Mahogany tree medicine for Malaria
1. Tropical Evergreen Forests

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 The common animals found in
these forests are elephant,
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monkey, lemur and deer.

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 One horned rhinoceroses are
found in the jungles of Assam and
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West Bengal.

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Lemur

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 Besides these animals, plenty of

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birds, bats, sloth, scorpions and
snails are also found in these

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jungles.

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Scorpion One horned Rhino
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2. Tropical Deciduous Forests

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 These are the most widespread

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forests of India.
 They are also called the monsoon
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forests and spread over the region

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receiving rainfall between 200 cm
and 70 cm.

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 Trees shed their leaves in the dry

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summer season for about six to
eight weeks to conserve water.

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2. Tropical Deciduous Forests

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 On the basis of the availability of

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water, these forests are further
divided into moist and dry
deciduous.
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Tropical
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Deciduous
Forests Le a
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Moist Dry
 2. Tropical Deciduous Forests

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The moist is found in The dry deciduous

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areas receiving rainfall forests are found in areas

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between 200 and 100 cm. having rainfall between

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100 cm and 70 cm.

These forests exist,

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These forests are found

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therefore, mostly in the in the rainier parts of the
eastern part of the Peninsular plateau and
country — northeastern

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states, along the foothills Uttar Pradesh.

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of the Himalayas, A large part of this region

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Jharkhand, West Odisha has been cleared for
and Chhattisgarh, and on cultivation and some
the eastern slopes of the parts are used for
Western Ghats. grazing.
2. Tropical Deciduous Forests

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 The hardwood trees found in these

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forests are sal, teak, neem and
shisham.

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 Hardwood trees are extremely Sal tree

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useful for making furniture,
transport and constructional
materials.
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Teak tree

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(सागवान का पेड़)

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Neem tree Shisham tree
2. Tropical Deciduous Forests

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 In these forests, the common

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animals found are lion, tiger, pig,
deer, elephant, langoors and
monkeys.
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 A huge variety of birds, lizards,
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Tortoise

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snakes and tortoises are also found Langoor
here.

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Deer Elephant
3. Tropical Desert

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 In regions with less than 70 cm of

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rainfall, the natural vegetation
consists of thorny trees and
bushes.
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 These forests give way to thorn
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forests and scrubs in arid areas.

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 Trees are scattered and have long

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roots penetrating deep into the
soil in order to get moisture.

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 The stems are succulent to
conserve water. Leaves are mostly

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thick and small to minimize
evaporation.
3. Tropical Desert

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 In these forests, the common

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animals are rats, mice, rabbits, fox,
wolf, tiger, lion, wild ass, horses
and camels.
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A Camel Indian Desert Hare Indian Wold Indian Desert Fox
3. Tropical Desert

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 This type of vegetation is found

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in the north-western part of the
country, including semi-arid
areas of Gujarat, Rajasthan,
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Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,

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Uttar Pradesh and Haryana.

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4. Littoral Forests

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 The mangrove tidal forests are
found in the areas of coasts
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influenced by tides.

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 Mud and silt get accumulated on
such coasts.
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 Dense mangroves are the common
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varieties with roots of the plants

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submerged under water.

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 Littoral Forests are also called

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Littoral and Swamp Forests and
also Wetlands Forests.

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4. Littoral Forests

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 In the Ganga Brahmaputra
delta, sundari trees are found,
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which provide durable hard

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timber.

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4. Littoral Forests

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 Palm, coconut, keora, agar, etc.,

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also grow in some parts of the
delta.

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Le a Agarwood tree

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A Agar fruit
Palm tree Keora Coconut tree
4. Littoral Forests

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 Royal Bengal Tiger is the famous

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animal in these forests.
 Turtles, crocodiles, gharials and
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snakes are also found in these

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forests.

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A Gharials (Aligator) Turtles
5. Mountain

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 In mountainous areas, the

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decrease in temperature with
increasing altitude leads to the
corresponding change in natural
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vegetation.

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natural vegetation belts in the n
 As such, there is a succession of

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same order as we see from the
tropical to the tundra region.

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5. Mountain Snow
Cap
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1. The wet temperate type of forests are found
between a height of 1000 and 2000 metre.

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Evergreen broad-leaf trees, such as oaks and
Mosses &

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chestnuts are found.
Lichens

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2. Between 1500 and 3000 meters, temperate forests

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containing coniferous trees, like pine, deodar, silver
fir, spruce and cedar, are found. These forests cover

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mostly the southern slopes of the Himalayas, Above 3600 m

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places having high altitude in southern and north-

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east India.
Alpine Grasslands
3.

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At higher elevations, temperate grasslands are
common.

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4. At high altitudes, generally, more than 3,600 3000-3600 metres
meters above the sea level, Alpine vegetation is Temperate Grasslands

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found. Silver fir, junipers, pines and birches are the

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common trees of these forests. However, they get

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progressively stunted as they approach the snow-
line. 1500-3000 metres

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5. Ultimately, through shrubs and scrubs, Temperate Forests
they merge into the Alpine grasslands.

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These are used extensively for grazing
by nomadic tribes, like the Gujjars and
the Bakarwals. 1000-2000 metres
6. At higher altitudes, mosses and lichens Wet temperate forests
form part of tundra vegetation.
5. Mountain – Animals

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 The common animals found in

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these forests are Kashmir stag,
spotted dear, wild sheep, jack
rabbit, Tibetan antelope, yak,
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snow leopard, squirrels, Shaggy

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horn wild ibex, bear and rare red

hair.
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panda, sheep and goats with thick Shaggy horn wild ibex Kashmir stag

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Rare Red Panda snow leopard Tibetan antelope
 C. Forest conservationk
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Meaning
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 Forest conservation is the practice of

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planning and maintaining forested areas for
the benefit and sustainability of future

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generations.

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 Forest conservation involves the upkeep of

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the natural resources within a forest that are

pl i f beneficial to both humans and the ecosystem.

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 C. Forest conservationk
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Methods
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Afforestation - planting of trees on a large

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scale is known as afforestation.

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ii. Reafforestation - process of putting new trees

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in the ground in an area where trees used to

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grow.

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iii. Social forestry - refers to the management

pl i f and protection of forests with the help of local

communities.

A m iv. Farm forestry – is an agricultural practice

which involves the cultivation of trees along
with crops.
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End wi
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Lesson
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