Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Talisay City
Rizal St., Poblacion, Talisay City, Cebu

PROTOTYPE LESSON PLAN

Learning Area Grade Level: 9 Quarter: II Duration: 60 mins.

( Asignatura) MATHEMATICS (Baitang ) (Kwarter) Oras: _____minuto

Learning Competency/ies: 1. Illustrate situations that involve the following variations

(Taken from the MELCs) a. direct, b. inverse c. joint d. combined M9AL-II a-1
Mga Kasanayang Pampagkatuto:  2. translates into variation statement a relationship
(Hango mula sa Gabay
Pangkurikulum MELC)
between two quantities given by (a.) table of values
(b) mathematical equations. (c) graph and vice versa
M9AL-IIa-b-1
3. Solve problems involving variations M9AL-IIb-c-1

I. Objectives (Mga Layunin)

Cognitive
(Pangkabatiran na Domeyn) Identify situations that involve different type of variations

Affective Translates into variation statement a relationship between two quantities given by
(Pandamdamin na Domeyn) (a) Table of values (b) mathematical equations ( c) graph and vice versa
Psychomotor
( Saykomotor na Domeyn) Solve problems involving variations.

II. Subject Matter Variations (a) direct (b) inverse (c) joint (d) combined
  (Aralin/Paksa)
References & MATHEMATICS 9 Learning Materials
Materials
(Mga Kagamitang  Pampagkatuto) Illustration board, Arts materials

III. Procedure (Pamamaraan)

A. Panimulang-
Gawain
( Preliminary/ies
)

Recycling wastepaper regularly helps prevent the cutting down of trees,

global warming and other adverse effects that destroy the environment. Paper recycling does
not only save the earth but also contributes to the economy of the country and the increase in
income of some individuals

This is one situation where questions such as “Will a decrease in production of

paper contribute to the decrease in the number of trees being cut?” can be answered
 using the concepts of variations.
There are several relationships of quantities that you will encounter in this
situation. You will learn how a change in one quantity corresponds to a predictable
change in the other.
Now, let us go over with the different types of variation

B. Mga
Gawain 1. Using his bicycle, Jericho travels 10 kilometers per hour on a steep road. The table
/Estratehiya shows the distance he travelled at a particular length of time
(Activity)

Time (hr) 1 2 3 4 5
Distance (km) 10 20 30 40 50

What happens to the distance as the length of time increases? Does it increase or
decrease?
2. Jean and Jericho are playing in the school ground decided to sit on a seesaw.
Jericho is heavier tending to raise Jean on the other end of the seesaw. They tried to
position themselves to balance the weight of each other.

a. What have you noticed when the kids move closer to or farther from the
center?
b. Who among the kids will have to move closer to the center to
balance the seesaw?
c. How do the weight of the kids relate to the distance from the center?
d. Does the change in one quantity affect a change in the other? Explain.

3. Pagsusuri Accept possible answers of the students these will serve as a springboard fo the
(Analysis) discussion of the relationship of quantities
1. Pagtatakay 1. DIRECT VARIATION
( Abstraction)
There is a direct variation whenever a situation produces pairs of numbers in which
their ratios are constant. The statements:
“y varies directly as x”
“y is directly proportional to x” and
“y is proportional to x” are translated mathematically as y = kx,where k is the
constant of variations.
For two quantities x and y, an increase in x causes an increase in y.
Similarly, a decrease in x causes a decrease in y.

Examples:
1. If y varies directly as x and y = 24 when x = 6, find the variation constant and
the equation of variation.
Solution :

a. Express the statement “y varies directly as x” as y = kx.

b. Solve for k by substituting the given values in the equation.

Therefore, the constant of variation is 4.

2.. The table shows that the distance d varies directly as time t. Find the constant
of
variation and the equation which describe the relation.

Time (hr) 1 2 3 4 5
Distance (km) 10 20 30 40 50

Solution:
Since the distance d varies directly as time t, then
d = kt.
Using one pairs of values, (2, 20), from the table, substitute the values of d and t
in d = kt and solve for k.

Therefore, the constant of variation is 1

2. INVERSE VARIATION
Inverse variation occurs whenever a situation produces pairs of numbers
whose product is constant.
For two quantities x and y, an increase in x causes a decrease in y or vice
k
versa. We can say that y varies inversely as x or y =
x
k
The statement “y varies inversely to x” translate to y =
x

Examples:
1. Find the equation and solve for k , y varies inversely as x and y = 6 when x = 18.
Solution:

k
The relation y varies inversely as x translates to y = , Substitute the
x
values to find k:
k
y=
x
k
6=
18
k = (6) (18)
k = 108

108
The equation of the variation is y =
x

2. If y varies inversely as x and y = 10 when x = 2, find y when x = 10.

Solution:
xy = k
(2) (10) = k
k = 20
20
The equation of variation is y =
x
Find y when x = 10
20
y=
x
20
y=
10
y=2
3. JOINT VARIATION
The situations that you have studied involved only two quantities. What if the situation
requires the use of more than two quantities? Let us know the concept of joint variation.

a
The statement “a varies jointly as b and c “means a = kbc, or k = , where k is
bc
the constant of variation.
Examples:
1. Find the equation of variation where a varies jointly as b and c, and a = 36 when
b = 3 and c = 4.
Solution:
a = kbc

36 = k (3)(4)

36
k=
12

k=3

Therefore, the required equation of variation is a = 3bc

2. z varies jointly as x and y. If z = 16 when x = 4 and y = 6, find the constant of
variation and the equation of the relation.
Solution:
Z = kxy

16 = k(4)(6)

16
k=
24
2
k=
3
2
Therefore, the equation of variation is z = xy
3
4. COMBINED VARIATION
Combined variation is another physical relationship among variables. This is
kind of variation that involves both direct and inverse variations

kx zy
The statement “ z varies directly as x and inversely as y” means z = , or z= ,
y x
where k is the constant of variation

Examples:

c. If z varies directly as x and inversely as y, and z = 9 when x = 6 and y = 2. find z when

x= 8 and y =12

Solution:

kx
The equation is z =
y
Solve for k by substituting the first set of values of z, x and y in the equation.

kx
z=
y
6k
9=
2

9
k=
3
 k=3

solve for z when x = 8 and y =12.

Using the equation

3x
z=
y
(3)(8)
z=
12
z=2

2.Translating statements into mathematical equations using k as the

constant of variation
a. T varies directly as a and inversely as b

𝑇= 𝑘𝑎𝑏
b. Y varies directly as x and inversely as the square of z.

𝑌= 𝑘𝑥𝑧2

D. Paglalapat Read the phrases found at the right column in the table below. If the phrase is direct variation
(Application) place letter D in the response column, if it is an inverse variation place letter I. If the relationship is
neither a direct nor inverse variation, mark N.

RESPONSE PHRASE

1. The number of hours to finish a job to the number of men working

2. The amount of water to the space that water did not occupy in a particular
container.

3. The number of persons sharing a pie to the size of the slices of the pie.

4. The area of the wall to the amount of paint used to cover it.

5. The time spent in walking to the rate at which a person walks.

6. The cost of life insurance to the age of the insured person.

7. The time a teacher spends checking papers to the number of students.

8. The age of a used car to its resale value.

9. The amount of money raised in a concert to the number of tickets sold.

10. The distance an airplane flies to the time travelled.

IV. Pagtataya Refer to pages 190 -192

( Assessment)
V. Takdang-Aralin Answer the given problem.
( Assignment)
1. The amount of gasoline used by a car varies jointly as the distance travelled and the square
root of the speed. Suppose a car used 25 liters on a 100 kilometers trip at 100 km/ hr. about
how many liters will it use on s 192 trip at 64km/hr?.
kdm09/05/2022