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Lab. Activity 5 Coincidence Gates

The document summarizes an experiment on coincidence gates - XOR and XNOR. It describes the operation of each gate, their truth tables, and how to construct basic circuits using them. Procedures are provided to simulate XOR and XNOR gates using a 7486 quad 2-input XOR gate, 74LS266 2-input XNOR gate, switches, LED, and power supply. Screenshots of the simulated circuits confirm the gates function as expected based on their truth tables.

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94 views6 pages

Lab. Activity 5 Coincidence Gates

The document summarizes an experiment on coincidence gates - XOR and XNOR. It describes the operation of each gate, their truth tables, and how to construct basic circuits using them. Procedures are provided to simulate XOR and XNOR gates using a 7486 quad 2-input XOR gate, 74LS266 2-input XNOR gate, switches, LED, and power supply. Screenshots of the simulated circuits confirm the gates function as expected based on their truth tables.

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Experiment 5: Coincidence Gates

Introduction:
The exclusive-OR, abbreviated as XOR, is like OR, but eliminates the combination of both
x and y being equal to 1; it holds only when x and y vary in value. It is sometimes called the binary
difference operator. Equivalence is a function that is 1 when two binary variables are equal (i.e., when
both are 0 or both are 1). The exclusive-OR and equivalence functions are the complements of one
another. The complement of XOR is called XNOR, thus the equivalence function is called exclusive-
NOR abbreviated as XNOR.

Figure 1: Coincidence Gates

Source: Digital Design with an Introduction to the Verilog HDL, VHDL, and System Verilog (6 th Edition), by
Morris Mano

Learning Objective/s:

After successful completion of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Familiarize with the operation and the usage of Coincidence Gates – XOR and XNOR.
• Derive the truth table of each gate.
• Construct basic circuit using coincidence gates.
Equipment and Materials:
***For this specific activity, the Tinkercad and Multisim simulator will be utilized.

1 - 9V battery or DC Power Supply


1 – Breadboard
Light Emitting Diode (LED)

Switches
Digital Integrated Circuits:
1 – 7486 Quad 2 – input XOR gate
1 – 74LS266 2 – input XNOR gate, or equivalent

Summary of Theories:
1. XOR Gate – known as exclusive OR operator, a Boolean operator that results a high output
value only if one of its input is high value.

2. XNOR Gate – In contrast with XOR, an inclusive OR operator returns a value a high output if
either or both of its inputs are high.

Pin Configurations:
Figure 2: 7486 and 74LS266 Pin Configurations
Source: Digital Design with an Introduction to the Verilog HDL, VHDL, and System Verilog (6th Edition), by
Morris Mano

Procedures:

XOR Gate: USE TINKERCAD Simulator

1. Using a breadboard, establish the supply line (+ and -).


2. Connect the 7486 IC at the middle of the breadboard.
3. Connect a wire to pin 7 (ground) and connect it to the negative terminal line (-) of the
breadboard and a wire connecting pin14 (Vcc) to the positive (+) terminal line.
4. Connect one end of the switch to the positive (+) supply line and connect the other end
to the hole linked to Pin 1.
5. Using a separate switch, connect one end of the switch to the positive (+) supply line
and connect the other end to Pin 2.
6. Insert the anode terminal of the LED to the hole linked to pin 3, then connect a wire from
the cathode terminal of the LED to the negative terminal of the supply line.
7. Connect the 9V battery to the supply line (+ and -).
8. Derive the truth table of Table 1. XOR Gate Truth Table by shifting the switches ON and
OFF. Use ON = 1 and OFF = 0 for the input and output entries.
9. Observe the action of LED while shifting the switches ON and OFF.

Table 1. XOR Gate Truth Table

Inputs
Output (y)
Pin1 Pin2

0 0

0 1

1 0

1 1
XNOR Gate: USE MULTISIM Simulator

1. Using a breadboard, establish the supply line (+ and -).


2. Connect the 74LS266 IC at the middle of the breadboard.
3. Connect a wire to pin 7 (ground) and connect it to the negative terminal line (-) of the breadboard
and a wire connecting pin 14 (Vcc) to the positive (+) terminal line.
4. Connect one end of the switch to the positive (+) supply line and connect the other end to the hole
linked to Pin 2.
5. Using a separate switch, connect one end of the switch to the positive (+) supply line and connect
the other end to Pin 3.
6. Insert the anode terminal of the LED to the hole linked to pin 1, then connect a wire from the
cathode terminal of the LED to the negative terminal of the supply line.
7. Connect the 9V battery to the supply line (+ and -).
8. Derive the truth table of Table 2. XNOR Gate Truth Table by shifting the switches ON and OFF.
Use ON = 1 and OFF = 0 for the input and output entries.
9. Observe the action of LED while shifting the switches ON and OFF.

Table 2. XNOR Gate Truth Table

Inputs
Output (y)
Pin1 Pin2
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1

Simulation Environment

1. XOR GATE: (attach the screenshot of working circuit).

2. XNOR GATE: (attach the screenshot of working circuit).


Questions and Answers:
1. How many XOR gates does the 7486 have? _________
2. Identify the input and output pin numbers of the 7486 quad 2-input XOR gate from table 3.
Table 3: 7486 input and output pins

Input Pin Output Pin

3. How many XNOR gates do the 74LS266 IC have? __________


4. Identify the input and output pin numbers of the 74LS266 2-input XNOR gate from the table 4.

Table 4: 74LS266 input and output pins

Input Pins Output Pins

5. Using basic gates (AND, OR, NOT), derive the logic diagram of:

a. XOR

b. XNOR
6. Based from the results of the experiment, what conclusion can you associate for:

a. XOR Gate: _______________________________________________________


_______________________________________________________
b. XNOR Gate: ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

Reflections:

Compiled and submitted by:

Engr. Mark P. Melegrito

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