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1 hour 15 minutes

For Examiner’s Use

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This document consists of 12 printed pages.

SP (NF/JG) S33032/4
© CIE 2003 [Turn over
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1 No one knows where iron was first isolated. It appeared in China, the Middle
East and in Africa. It was obtained by reducing iron ore with charcoal.

(a) Complete the following equation.

Fe2O3 + C → ................... + ........................

iron ore charcoal
[2]

(b) In 1705 Abraham Darby showed that iron ore could be reduced using coke in a blast
furnace.

waste gases

raw materials

firebrick lining

air

slag

molten iron

(i) The temperature in the furnace rises to 2000 °C. Write an equation for the
exothermic reaction that causes this high temperature.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) In the furnace, the ore is reduced by carbon monoxide. Explain how this is formed.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[3]

(c) The formation of slag removes an impurity in the ore. Write a word equation for the
formation of the slag.

......................................................................................................................................[2]

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(d) Stainless steel is an alloy of iron. It contains iron, other metals and about 0.5% of
carbon.

(i) State a use of stainless steel.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Name a metal, other than iron, in stainless steel.

...................................................................................................................................

(iii) The iron from the blast furnace is impure. It contains about 5% of carbon and other
impurities, such as silicon and phosphorus. Describe how the percentage of
carbon is reduced and the other impurities are removed.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[6]

(e) One of the methods used to prevent iron or steel from rusting is to electroplate it with
another metal, such as tin. Complete the following.

The anode is made of ............................................... .

The cathode is made of ............................................. .

The electrolyte is a solution of ................................... .

[3]

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2 Calcium and other minerals are essential for healthy teeth and bones. Tablets can be taken
to provide these minerals.

Healthy Bones
Each tablet contains
calcium
magnesium
zinc
copper
boron

(a) Boron is a non-metal with a macromolecular structure.

(i) What is the valency of boron?

...........................................................................

(ii) Predict two physical properties of boron.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(iii) Name another element and a compound that have macromolecular structures.

element …………………..

compound ………………………

(iv) Sketch the structure of one of the above macromolecular substances.

[7]

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(b) Describe the reactions, if any, of zinc and copper(II) ions with an excess of aqueous
sodium hydroxide.

(i) zinc ions

addition of aqueous sodium hydroxide .....................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

excess sodium hydroxide ..........................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) copper(II) ions

addition of aqueous sodium hydroxide .....................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

excess sodium hydroxide ..........................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[4]

(c) Each tablet contains the same number of moles of CaCO3 and MgCO3. One tablet
reacted with excess hydrochloric acid to produce 0.24 dm3 of carbon dioxide at r.t.p.

CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

MgCO3 + 2HCl → MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O

(i) Calculate how many moles of CaCO3 there are in one tablet.

number of moles CO2 = ..............

number of moles of CaCO3 and MgCO3 = ..............

number of moles of CaCO3 = ..............

[3]

(ii) Calculate the volume of hydrochloric acid, 1.0 mol / dm3, needed to react with one
tablet.

number of moles of CaCO3 and MgCO3 in one tablet = ..............

Use your answer to (c)(i).

number of moles of HCl needed to react with one tablet = ..............

volume of hydrochloric acid, 1.0 mol / dm3, needed to

react with one tablet = ..............
[2]

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3 Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons. They undergo addition reactions.

(a) Two of the methods of making alkenes are cracking and the thermal decomposition of
chloroalkanes.

(i) Complete an equation for the cracking of the alkane, decane.

C10H22 → ............................. + ......................................

decane

(ii) Propene can be made by the thermal decomposition of chloropropane.

Describe how chloropropane can be made from propane.

reagents propane and ..............................

conditions ................................................... [4]

(b) The following alkenes are isomers.

CH3–CH2–CH=CH2 CH3–C=CH2
|
CH3

(i) Explain why they are isomers.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Give the name and structural formula of another hydrocarbon that is isomeric with
the above.

name ......................................................

structural formula

[4]

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(c) Give the name of the product when but-1-ene reacts with each of the following.

steam .........................................................

hydrogen ....................................................

bromine ...................................................... [3]

(d) Alkenes can polymerise.

(i) Deduce the name and structural formula of the monomer from the structure of the
polymer.

冢 冣
H H
兩 兩
————C————C————
兩 兩
CH3 H n

name of monomer .......................................................

structural formula

(ii) Draw the structure of the polymer formed from the following monomer.

O
储
H O ᎏ C ᎏ CH3
C C
H H

[4]
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(iii) Describe the pollution problems caused by the disposal of polymers in landfill sites
and by burning.

landfill sites ...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

burning ......................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[1]

4 Nitrogen dioxide, NO2, is a dark brown gas.

(a) Most metal nitrates decompose when heated to form the metal oxide, nitrogen dioxide
and oxygen.

(i) Write a symbol equation for the decomposition of lead(II) nitrate.

Pb(NO3)2 → ............... + ............... + ............................ [2]

(ii) Potassium nitrate does not form nitrogen dioxide on heating. Write the word
equation for its decomposition.

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(b) When nitrogen dioxide is cooled, it forms a yellow liquid and then pale yellow crystals.
These crystals are heated and the temperature is measured every minute. The
following graph can be drawn.

temperature
B yellow liquid
C

pale yellow crystals

A

time

(i) Describe the arrangement and movement of the molecules in the region A–B.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

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(ii) Name the change that occurs in the region B–C

...............................................................................................................................[4]

(c) Nitrogen dioxide and other oxides of nitrogen are formed in car engines.

(i) Explain how these oxides are formed.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) How are they removed from the exhaust gases?

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[4]

(d) Nitrogen dioxide, oxygen and water react to form dilute nitric acid.
Describe how lead(II) nitrate crystals could be prepared from dilute nitric acid and
lead(II) oxide.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[3]

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5 The first three elements in Period 6 of the Periodic Table of the Elements are caesium,
barium and lanthanum.

(a) How many more protons, electrons and neutrons are there in one atom of lanthanum
than in one atom of caesium. Use your copy of the Periodic Table of the Elements to
help you.

number of protons ................................................

number of electrons ................................................

number of neutrons ................................................ [3]

(b) All three metals can be obtained by the electrolysis of a molten halide. The electrolysis
of the aqueous halides does not produce the metal.

(i) Complete the equation for the reduction of lanthanum ions at the negative
electrode (cathode).

La3+ + ................ → ................

(ii) Name the three products formed by the electrolysis of aqueous caesium bromide.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[4]

(c) All three metals react with cold water. Complete the word equation for these reactions.

metal + water → ................................. + ............................. [2]

(d) Barium chloride is an ionic compound. Draw a diagram that shows the formula of the
compound, the charges on the ions and gives the arrangement of the valency electrons
around the negative ion.
The electron distribution of a barium atom is 2.8.18.18.8.2

Use x to represent an electron from a barium atom.

Use o to represent an electron from a chlorine atom.

[2]

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(e) Describe, by means of a simple diagram, the lattice structure of an ionic compound,
such as caesium chloride.

[2]

(f) The reactions of these metals with oxygen are exothermic.

2Ba(s) + O2(g) → 2BaO(s)

(i) Give an example of bond forming in this reaction.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Explain using the idea of bond breaking and forming why this reaction is
exothermic.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[3]

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 DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements
Group
I II III IV V VI VII 0
1 4
H He
Hydrogen Helium
1 2

7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulphur Chlorine Argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
12

85 88 89 91 93 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131

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Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

133 137 139 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
55 56 57 * 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

226 227

Fr Ra Ac
Francium Radium Actinium
87 88 89 †

140 141 144 150 152 157 159 162 165 167 169 173 175
*58-71 Lanthanoid series
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
†90-103 Actinoid series Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
a a = relative atomic mass 232 238
Key X X = atomic symbol Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
b b = proton (atomic) number 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).