Gina Edit Chapter 3

CHAPTER III
FUEL SYSTEM
ITEM NO 1. DESIGN OF FUEL OIL STORAGE TANK
1.1: DESIGN AND OPERATING CONDITION
From MAN 48/60 Genset Catalogue:
Diesel Fuel Designation ULSD EN 590

Density @ 15°C 876 kg/m3
Brakepower 10,350 kW
Ambient air pressure 1,000 mbar
Ambient temperature at which fuel is
consumed 25°C (77°F)
Maximum viscosity 700mm^2/s
Displacement per cylinder 108.6 L
Specific Fuel Consumption @100% Load 185 g/kWh
@75% Load 184 g/kWh
@50% Load 185 g/kWh
@25% Load 201 g/kWh
1.2: DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:
1. The fuel storage tank is designed to supply fuel on the engine good for (3) three months
operation.
2. Due to unexpected problem on delivery or any unexpected incident that would cause delay,
the designer decided to add a 25% contingency. This would guarantee about 22 days of
reserve in case of failure on delivery.
3. The designer decided to put a cylindrical diesel fuel oil storage tank vertically seated above
the ground considering the advantage in terms of maintenance. The dimension is assumed to
be H=2d.
4. Corrosion allowance is constructing the vessels with thicker walls to allow for the thinning.
The Peters, Timmerhaus, and West suggest 0.25 to 0.38mm annually or 3mm for 10 years.
Use an average corrosion allowance of 0.315 mm.
5. The type of steel to be used is Carbon Steel (SA-285, Cr. C) with a tensile stress value of
13,700 psi. To provide air space and other auxiliaries to the storage tank the designer adds an
allowance of 0.50 meter to the computed height.
1.3: FUEL CONSUMPTION
(From Instructional Manual in Power Plant Engineering by R D. Degala)
mf
m b=
Brake Power
mf= ( mb ¿ ¿)
Considering the fuel consumption of the diesel power plant with the plant capacity factor of %.
by interpolation.
50 %−75 % 185−184
=
48.38 %−75 % x−184
g
X = 185.06
kw−hr
g
mf= (185.06 kw−hr ¿ ¿10,350 kW)
g
( 1 kg )
mf = 1,915,371 hr 1000 g
mf =1,915 kg/hr
1.4: DENSITY OF FUEL
(From Instructional Manual in Power Plant Engineering by R D. Degala)
ρ@ 15.6
ρf=
1+0.0007(t−15.6)
ρ@ 15.6= ρ15° C [ 1+0.0007(15−15.6) ]
ρ@ 15.6=(876) [ 1+ 0.0007(15−15.6) ]
ρ@ 15.6=¿ 875.63 kg/m3
For the density of fuel at 25 ° C
ρ@ 15.6
ρf=
1+0.0007(t−15.6)
875.63
ρf=
1+0.0007(25−15.6)
ρ f =¿ 869.9 kg/m3
For the specific gravity of fuel at 25 ° C
SG @25 = ( SG @15.6 )[1 – 0.0007(t-15.6)]
ρ@ 15.6
Where: SG @15.6 =
ρw
875.63 kg/m 3
SG @15.6 =
1000 kg/m 3
SG @15.6 = 0.88
Therefore:
SG @25 = (0.88 )[1 – 0.0007(25-15.6)]
SG @25 = 0.8742
1.5: VOLUME FLOW OF FUEL, Vfi
mf
Vf=
ρf
1915 kg /hr
Vf= 3
869.9 kg/m
Vf= 2.2014 m3/hr
For three months volume of fuel:
Vf = 2.2014 m3/hr ( 241 dayhr )( 1month

30 days
)(3 months)
Vf= 4,755 m3
1.6: VOLUME OF FUEL OIL STORAGE TANK, V FOST
Since the contingencies are set to 25% of the fuel consumption per month,
Therefore:
V FOST =V f + 0.25 V f
V FOST =1.25 V f
V FOST =1.25 ( 4,755 m3 ) (9 units)
3
V FOST =53,493.75 m
The designer decides to use eight fuel oil storage tanks.

3
V FOST =¿ 53,493.75m
8
V FOST =¿ 6686.72 m3
1.7: DIMENSION OF FUEL OIL STORAGE TANK
1.5.1: Diameter of Fuel Oil Storage Tank, d
(The volume of the tank is equal to the volume of cylinder.)
π
V FOST = d 2 H Since: H=2d
4
Thus,
π 2
VFOST= d xH
4
π 2
VFOST = d x 2d
4
π 3
VFOST= d
2
d=
√
3 ( 2 ) ( V FOST )
π
√
d = 3 ( 2 ) ( 6686.72 m )
3
d = 16.21 m
1.7.2: Height of Fuel Oil Storage Tank, H

H = 2d + allowance
H = 2(16.21 m) + 0.50 m
H = 32.92 m
1.7.3a: Internal Pressure, P
(From Engineering Fluid Mechanics Ninth Edition (2009) by Crowe, Elger, Williams,
and Roberson, page 39)
Pi=δ f H
Where:
δ f = specific weight of fuel
δ f = SGf xδ w
= 0.8742 x 9.81 kN/m3 = 8.58 kN/m3
H = height of storage tank
Substituting:
P=( 8.58 kN / m3 ) ( 32.92m )
P= (282.45 kPa ) ( 0.145

1 kPa )
psi
P=¿40.95 psi
Pi=P g + Patm
Pi=( 40.95 psi ) + ( 14.7 psi )
Pi=55.65 psi
1.7.3b: Inside Radius, r

d 16.21 m 39.37∈.
r= = x
2 2 1m
r = 319.09 in
1.7.3: Thickness of Fuel Oil Storage Tank, t
From ASME Section VIII Div.1 UG-27,
P ri
t=
S EJ − 0.6 P
Where:
P = maximum allowable internal pressure, Psi
ri = inside radius of the shell, before corrosion

allowance is added, in
S = maximum allowable working stress, Psi
EJ = efficiency of joints
E
1.7.3c: Welding Joint Efficiency, J
(From PSME Code, page 147; the efficiency of doubled but weld for fusion weld joints is
70%.)
Single Lap Weld 40%

Double Lap Weld 60%
1.7.3d: Single Butt Weld 50% Maximum
Double Butt Weld 70%
Allowable Forged Weld 70% Working
Brazed Weld 80%
Stress
(From: Peters, M.S. and K.D. Timmerhaus. 1991. Plant Design and Economics for
Chemical Engineers 4th ed. New York; McGraw, Inc.)
Table 4: Design Equation Data for Pressure Vessel

Recommended Stress Values
Metal Temperature, °F S, Psi
Carbon Steel (SA-
-20 to 650 13,700
285, Cr. C)
Thus,
t = (55.65 psi)¿ ¿
t = 1.8523∈¿
Adding a corrosion allowance of 0.315 mm (0.0124 in):
t = 1.8523 in + 0.0124 in
t = 1.8647 in
(From Chatham Steel Corporation use standard size of carbon steel plate)
t = 2 ½ or 63.5 mm
1.8: SPECIFICATION OF DIESEL FUEL OIL STORAGE TANK
FUEL OIL STORAGE TANK
Geometry of Tank Cylinder
Installation Vertical above ground
Number of Tanks 8
Holding Capacity 6686.72 m

3
Diameter 16.21 m
Height 32.92 m
Thickness 63.5mm
Tank Material Carbon Steel (SA-285, Cr. C)
ITEM NO. 2: DESIGN OF FUEL OIL DAY TANK
2.1: DESIGN AND OPERATING CONDITIONS:
From Previous Computations:
Specific Fuel Consumption @100% Load 185 g/kW-hr
Density of Fuel 869.9 kg/m3 (8.58 kN/m3)
2.2: DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:
1. The plant will have one day tank for each engine and this will provide Fuel oil for (8) eight
hours to the engine at 100% operation.
2. The designer choses a cylindrical diesel fuel oil day tank vertically seated above the ground
considering the advantage in terms of maintenance. The dimension is assumed to be H= 2d.
3. Add a corrosion allowance of 0.315 mm for the thickness of the tank. The type of steel to be
used Carbon Steel (SA-253, Cr. C) with a tensile stress value of 13,700 psi.
4. The designer decided to add an allowance of ¼ or 0.25 m to the calculated height of the tank
to provide air space.
2.3: VOLUME OF DAY TANK, VFODT

VFODT= Vf(8 hrs )
2.3.1 Solving for Vf @100% Load.
mf
Vf =
ρf
2.3.2 Solving for fuel consumption @100% Load.
g
mf= (185 kw−hr ¿ ¿10,350 kW)
g
( 1 kg )
mf = 1,914,750 hr 1000 g
mf =1,914 kg/hr
Substituting values to the equation:
mf
Vf =
ρf
1,914 kg /hr
Vf =
869.9 kg/m 3
Vf = 2.200 m3/hr
Therefore;
VFODT= 2.200 m3/hr (8 hrs )
VFODT= 17.6m3
2.4: DIMENSIONS OF FUEL OIL DAY TANK

2.4.1: Diameter of Fuel Oil Day Tank, d
(The volume of the tank is equal to the volume of cylinder)
π 2
V FODT = d H Since: H=2d
4
Thus,
π 2
VFODT = d xH
4
π 2
VFODT = d x 2d
4
π 3
VFODT = d
2
d=
√
3 ( 2 ) ( V FODT )
π
√
d = 3 ( 2 ) ( 17.6 m )
3
d = 2.238 m
2.4.2: Height of Fuel Oil Day Tank, H
H = 2d + allowance
H = 2(2.238 m) + 0.25 m
H = 4.73 m
2.4.3a: Internal Pressure, P
(From Engineering Fluid Mechanics Ninth Edition (2009) by Crowe, Elger, Williams,
and Roberson, page 39)

P = δf H
Where:
δ f = SGf xδ f = 0.8841 x 9.81 kN/m3 = 8.67 kN/m3
H = height of day tank
Substituting:
P=( 8.67 kN / m ) ( 4.73 m )

3
P= ( 41 kPa ) ( 0.145
1 kPa )
psi
P = 5.95 psi
Pi=P g + Patm
Pi=( 5.95 psi )+ ( 14.7 psi )
Pi=20.65 psi
2.4.3b: Inside Radius, r
d 2.238 m 39.37∈.
r= = x
2 2 1m
r = 44.06 in
E
2.4.3c: Welding Joint Efficiency, J
From PSME Code, page 147; the efficiency of doubled but weld for fusion weld joints is
70%.
Single Lap Weld 40%

Double Lap Weld 60%
Single Butt Weld 50%
Double Butt Weld 70%
Forged Weld 70%
Brazed Weld 80%
2.4.3d: Maximum Allowable Working Stress
(From: Peters, M.S. and K.D. Timmerhaus. 1991. Plant Design and Economics
for Chemical Engineers 4th Ed. New York; McGraw, Inc.)
Table 4: Design Equation Data for Pressure Vessel

Recommended Stress Values
Metal Temperature, ° F S, Psi

Carbon Steel (SA-
-20 - to 800 13,700
285, Cr. C)
2.4.3: Thickness Diesel Fuel Day Tank, t
From ASME Section VIII Div.1 UG-27,

P ri
t=
S EJ − 0.6 P
Where:
P = maximum allowable internal pressure, Psi
ri = inside radius of the shell, before corrosion

allowance is added, in
S = maximum allowable working stress, Psi
EJ = efficiency of joints
Thus,
t = (20.65 psi)¿ ¿
t = 0.0950 in
Adding a corrosion allowance of 0.315 mm (0.0124 in):
t = 0.0950 in + 0.0124 in
t = 0.1074 in
(From Chatham Steel Corporation use standard size of carbon steel plate)
3
t= or 5 mm
16
2.5: SPECIFICATION OF DIESEL FUEL OIL DAY TANK
FUEL OIL DAY TANK
Number of Tanks 8
Holding Capacity 17.6 m

3
Diameter 2.238 m
Height 4.73 m
Thickness 5 mm

ITEM NO. 3: DESIGN OF FUEL OIL RETURN TANK
3.1 DESIGN AND OPERATING CONDITIONS:
From previous computation:
Diameter of Day Tank 2.238 m
Height of Day Tank 4.73 m
Thickness of Day Tank 5 mm
Capacity of Day Tank 17.6 m3
3.2 DESIGN CONSIDERATION
As to the dimensions of return fuel tank, the designer decided to have a diameter and
height of about one half the diameter and height of the diesel fuel day tank. And for the
thickness, it is equal to the thickness of diesel fuel day tank. The type of steel to be used Carbon
Steel (SA-285, Cr. C) with a tensile stress value of 13,700 psi.
3.3 DIMENSIONS OF RETURN FUEL TANK
3.3.1 Diameter of Return Fuel Tank, d

d = ½ (2.238 m)
d = 1.119 say use 2 m
3.3.2 Height of Return Fuel Tank, H
H = ½ (4.73 m)
H = 2.4 m
Say use 3 m
3.3.3 Thickness of Return Fuel Tank, t
t = 5 mm
3.3.4 Internal Pressure, P
P = δf H
Where:
δ f = SGf xδ f = 0.8841 x 9.81 kN/m3 = 8.67 kN/m3
H = height of tank
Substituting:
P=( 8.67 kN /m ) ( 3 m )
3
P= (26.01 kPa ) ( 0.145

1 kPa )
psi
P = 3.771 psi
Pi=P g + Patm
Pi=( 3.771 psi )+ (14.7 psi )
Pi=18.47 psi
3.4 VOLUME OF RETURN FUEL TANK, VRFT
π 2
V RFT = d H
4
π 2
V RFT = ( 2 ) (3)
4
VRFT = 9.42 m3
3.5 SPECIFICATION OF RETURN FUEL TANK
RETURN FUEL TANK
Number of Tanks 8
Holding Capacity 9.42 m3
Diameter 2m
Height 3m
Thickness 5 mm

ITEM NO. 4. FUEL OIL PIPING SYSTEM AND PUMP SELECTION
4.1 PIPINGS FOR FUEL OIL STORAGE TANK TO FUEL OIL DAY TANK
DESIGN AND OPERATING CONDITIONS:
Volume of Day Tank 17.6 m3
Assumed Filling Time 10 mins
Given: v, A,
4.2 DESIGN CONSIDERATION:
Assumed filling time for the tank is 10 mins (reason) using a velocity of 0.5m/s
(30m/min) with maximum velocity of 1m/s (60m/min) at suction side while, the velocity at
discharge side is 1.5m/s (90m/min) with maximum velocity of 2m/s(120m/min) in accordance
with engine specification.

4.3 VOLUME FLOW RATE
V
Q= where: V = Volume of Day Tank
tf
3
17.6 m t f = Assumed Filling Time
Q=
10 min
m3
Q = 1.76
min
4.4 DIAMETER OF PIPE IN SUCTION LINE.
From General Flow Equation,
πD 2
Q = AVmax where: A =
4
2
πD
Q=( )Vmax Vmax = 60 m/min
4
4Q
D2 =
π V max
D=
√ 4Q
π V max
√
3
4( 1.76 m / min)
D=
π (60 m/ min)
D = 0.1933 m = 193.3 mm ≈ 200mm

Following the properties of the piping as suggested by engine manufacturer which conforms to
international standard, EN 10216 is used.
From size range of Steel EN 10216 Seamless Pipe Tubes from Aesteron Steels LLP,
Nominal Pipe Size 215.9 mm = 8.5 in
Outside Diameter 219 mm
Inside Diameter 213 mm
Wall Thickness 6 mm
4.5: DIAMETER OF PIPE IN DISCHARGE LINE.
πD 2
4
πD 2
4
4Q
D2 =
π V max
D=
√ 4Q
π V max
D=
√ 4( 1.76 m3 / min)
π (120 m/ min)
D = 1.3665 m = 366.5 mm
From size range of Steel EN 10216 Seamless Pipe Tubes from Aesteron Steels LLP,
Nominal Pipe Size 152.4 mm = 6 in
Outside Diameter 160 mm
Inside Diameter 154 mm
Wall Thickness 5.45 mm
ITEM NO.5: SELECTION OF PUMP
(FROM FUEL OIL STORAGE TANK TO DAY TANK)
SELECTION CONSIDERATION:
In selecting motor pumps, total dynamic head and discharge capacity also called volume
flow rate are the most important parameters. Selected pumps may meet the total dynamic head or
much better if it is higher. If the discharge capacity is lower than your desired, it must be
considered because it will just add the filling time required.
5.1 DESIGN PARAMETERS
3
Discharge flow rate of Fuel Oil 1.76 m /min
Density of fuel oil 876 kg/m3
Velocity at pump discharge and suction line 1.5 & 0.5 m/sec
Inside diameter of suction line 215.9mm (8.5 in)

Inside diameter of discharge line 152.4 mm (6 in)
Length of suction pipe line, Lss 125.1 m
Length of discharge pipe line, Lsd 37 m
Number of standard 90ْ elbow at suction line 3
Number of standard 90ْ elbow at discharge line 2
Number of gate valve at suction line 2
Number of gate valve at discharge line 2
Static suction head 0
Static discharge head m
5.2 TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD
TDH = Hp + Z + Hf + HV
Where:
Hƒ= is friction head loss
Hυ = is velocity head loss
Z = is static head
Hp = pressure head
5.2.1. Total Length of Suction Line of Pump, LS,
From METC, pg. 112,

Effective Length of fittings for 215.9 mm nominal pipe size
(4) Standard 90° elbow 6.41 m
(4) Gate Valve 1.47 m
Thus,
Equivalent Length = meters to be added x quantity
Equivalent Length = (6.41 x 3) + (1.47 x 2)
Equivalent Length = 22.17 m
Therefore,
Ls = Length of suction pipe line + Equivalent Lengths
Ls = 125.1 m + 22.17 m
Ls = 147.27 m
5.2.2. Total Length of Discharge Line of Pump, LD,
From METC, pg. 112,
Thus,
Equivalent Length = (4.88 x 2) + (1.07 x 2)

Therefore,
L D = Length of suction pipe line + Equivalent Lengths
L D = 37 m + 11.9 m
L D = 48.9 m
5.3.3. Friction Head Loss, HF,
Hf = Hs f + Hdf
Where:
Hsf = friction head loss at suction line.
Hdf = friction head loss at discharge line.
Friction Head Loss at Suction Line by Morse Equation, HSF,
2 f s Ls V s
Hsf = gDs
Where:
fs = coefficient of friction.
Ls = total length of pipe at suction, m.
Vs = flow velocity at suction, m/sec.
Ds = inside diameter of pipe at suction, m.
g, = gravitational constant, m/sec2.
Coefficient of friction at suction for iron and steel pipe:

[ ]
. 424
z
0 . 0035+0 .0007562
fs = DsVsS
Where:
Z = viscosity
Vs = flow velocity at suction, 0.5 m/sec.
Ds = inside diameter of pipe at suction = 213mm
S = specific gravity at 25˚ C=¿0.8742
For Absolute Viscosity, z:
From Euro 2 Diesel fuel viscosity property graph
Temperature (˚C) Fuel Oil (Centipoises)
75 50
25 65
15 Z
By Extrapolation:
z = 68 centipoises
Substituting the values:
[ ]
0.424
68
fs = 0.0035+0.0007562
( 0.213 ) (0.5)(0.8742)
fs = 0.01588
Thus,
2
0.5 m
2(0.01588)(147.27 m)( )
Hsf = sec
(9.81 m/ sec 2)(0.213 m)
Hsf = 0.5596 m
Friction Head Loss at Discharge Line by Morse Equation, HDF,
2 f d Ld V d
HD = gD d
Where:
f d = coefficient of friction.
Ld = total length of pipe at discharge, m.
V d = flow velocity at discharge, m/sec.
Dd = inside diameter of pipe at discharge, m.
Coefficient of friction at discharge,
For iron and steel pipe:
[ ]
.424
z
0 . 0035+0 .0007562
fD = DsVsS
Where:
Z = viscosity = 68 centipoises
Vs = flow velocity at discharge, 1.5 m/sec.
Ds = inside diameter of pipe at discharge = 0.154 m

[ ]
0.424
68
fD = 0.0035+0.0007562
( 0.154 ) (1.5)(0.8742)
fD = 0.0124
Thus,
2
1.5 m
2(0.0124)(48.9m)( )
HDF = sec
2
(9.81 m/sec )( 0.154 m)
HDF = 1.806 m
Therefore,
Hf = 0.5596 m + 1.806 m
Hf = 2.3656 m
5.3.4 Velocity Head, HV:

2
∆V
HV =
2g
m m 2
(1.5 −0.5 )
sec sec
HV =
m
2(9.81 2
)
sec
HV = 0.051 m
5.3.5 Total static head, Z:

Z = Zd – Zs = 11 m – 0 m
Z = 11 m
5.3.6 Total Pressure head, Hp:
p s − pd
Hp =
Sf
2 2
420.58 KN /m −144.79 KN /m
Hp =
8.67 KN / m3
Hp = 32 m
Therefore;
TDH = 32 m +25.14 m + 11 m + 0.0127 m
TDH = 68.15 m
3
From MP Pumps Catalogue, Chemflo pump series. With a capacity of 143 m /min (377.8
gal/min) and a TDH of 68.15 m (223.6 ft). Using the selection table, the selected model is
Chemflo 8 from MP pumps Inc. Although the required capacity is higher than the
capacity of the selected pump, this would not be a problem since the function of this
pump is just to fill the tank, therefore actual filling time will be longer than the
assumptions.
Solving for actual filling time;
V
tf
3
m3 14.3 m
t f = Actual filling time
1.2 =
min tf
t f =12mins m3
Q = 310 gpm or 1.2 (actual
min
capacity of selected pump)
6.1 PIPINGS FOR FUEL OIL DAY TANK TO GENERATOR SET

Since the generator set has already a fitted feed pump, the diameter will be base to the
capacity of the said fitted feed pump and only suction pipe will be designed.
m3
Q = 0.011
min
(From PPE by F. Morse p. 603)
The parameters to be used in the determination of appropriate specification for pipelines
suited for this kind of applications are the average velocities at pumps suction line where is
m
106.5 .
min
2
πD
4
2
πD
Q=( )Vmax Vmax = 106.5 m/min
4
4Q
D2 =
π V max
D=
√ 4Q
π V max
D=
√ 4( 0.011m3 /min)
π (106.5 m/min)
D = 0.01147 m = 11 mm
From Fig. A-6 of PPE by Morse pg. 665, we got the following:
Schedule Number 40
Outside Diameter 21.34 mm
Inside Diameter 18.57 mm
7.1 PIPINGS FOR GENERATOR SET TO FUEL OIL RETURN TANK
Since the generator set has already a fitted feed pump, the diameter will be base to the
capacity of the said fitted feed pump. Also due to lack of information, velocity will be assumed
m
137
min from the average velocity at discharged lines (From PPE by F. Morse p. 603)
m3
. Q = 0.011
min

2
πD
4
πD 2
4
4Q
D2 =
π V max
D=
√ 4Q
π V max
√
3
4( 0.011m / min)
D=
π (137 m/ min)
D = 0.0101 m = 10 mm
Schedule Number 40
8.1 PIPINGS FOR FUEL OIL RETURN TANK TO FUEL OIL STORAGE TANK

Volume of return Tank 0.966 m3
Assumed time to empty the tank 1.5 minute
(From PPE by F. Morse p. 603)
The parameters to be used in the determination of appropriate specification for pipelines Suited
for this kind of applications are the assumed time to empty the tank which is 1.5 minute and the
m
137
Average velocities at pumps suction and discharge line where are 106.5 and min
respectively.
8.3 VOLUME FLOW RATE
V
Q= where: V = Volume of return tank
tf
0.966 m3 t f = Assumed Filling Time

Q=
1.5 min
3
m
Q = 0.644
min

2
πD
4
πD 2
Q=( )Vmax Vmax = 106.5 m/min
4
4Q
D2 =
π V max
D=
√ 4Q
π V max
D=
√ 4( 0.644 m 3 / min)
π (106.5 m/ min)
D = 0.0878 m = 88 mm
Schedule Number 40
8.5: DIAMETER OF PIPE IN DISCHARGE LINE.
πD 2
4
2
πD
4
4Q
D2 =
π V max
D=
√ 4Q
π V max
D=
√ 4( 0.644 m 3 / min)
π (137 m/min)
D = 0.0774 m = 77 mm
Nominal Pipe Size 76.2 mm = 3 in
Schedule Number 40
ITEM NO. 9: SELECTION OF PUMP
(FROM FUEL OIL RETURN TANK TO STORAGE TANK)
In selecting motor pumps, total dynamic head and discharge capacity also called volume
flow rate are the most important parameters. Selected pumps may meet the total dynamic head or
much better if it is higher. If the discharge capacity is lower than your desired, it must be
considered because it will just add the filling time required.
9.1 DESIGN PARAMETERS
3
Discharge flow rate of Fuel Oil 0.966 m /min
Density of fuel oil 890 kg/m3
Velocity at pump discharge and suction line 1.78 & 2.28 m/sec
Inside diameter of suction line 88.9 mm (3.5 in)
Inside diameter of discharge line 76.2 mm (3 in)
Length of suction pipe line, Lss 121.6 m
Length of discharge pipe line, Lsd 141.6 m
Number of standard 90ْ elbow at suction line 5
Number of gate valve at suction line 5
Number of gate valve at discharge line 3
Number of standard tees at suction line 6
Number of standard tees at discharge line 3
Static suction head 0.11 m
Static discharge head 35.1 m
9.2 TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD

TDH = Hp + Z + Hf + HV
Where:
Hƒ= is friction head loss
Hυ = is velocity head loss
Z = is static head
Hp = pressure head
9.2.1. Total Length of Suction Line of Pump, LS,
From METC, pg. 112,
(6) Standard tee – through run 1.83 m
Thus,
Equivalent Length = (3.05 x 5) + (1.83 x 6) + (0.61 x 5)
Therefore,
Ls = Length of suction pipe line + Equivalent Lengths
Ls = 121.6 m + 29.3 m
Ls = 151 m
9.2.2. Total Length of Discharge Line of Pump, LD,
From METC, pg. 112,
(3) Standard tee – through run 1.52 m
Thus,
Equivalent Length = (2.44 x 4) + (1.16 x 2) + (1.52 x 3) + (0.52 x 3)
Therefore,
LD = Length of discharge pipe line + Equivalent Lengths
LD = 141.6 m + 18.2 m
LD = 159.8 m
9.3.3. Friction Head Loss, HF,
Hf = Hs f + Hdf
Where:
Hsf = friction head loss at suction line.

Hdf = friction head loss at discharge line.
Friction Head Loss at Suction Line by Morse Equation, HSF,
2 f s Ls V s
Hsf = gDs
Where:
Coefficient of friction at suction, PPE by Morse, p. 605
[ ]
. 424
z
0 . 0035+0 .0007562
fs = DsVsS
Where:
Z = viscosity
Vs = flow velocity at suction, 1.78 m/sec.
Ds = inside diameter of pipe at suction.
For Absolute Viscosity, z:

Fuel oil is consumed at 25˚C, From PPE by Morse, page 606.
Temperature (˚C) Fuel Oil (Centipoises)
21.1 40
25 Z
26.7 30
By Interpolation:
z = 33.04 centipoises
[ ]
0.424
33.04
fs = 0.0035+0.0007562
( 0.08341 ) (1.78)(0.8841)
fs = 0.0114
Thus,
1.78 m 2
2(0.0114)(121.6 m)( )
Hsf = sec
(9.81 m/sec 2 )(0.08341 m)
Hsf = 10.74 m
Friction Head Loss at Discharge Line by Morse Equation, HDF,
2 f s Ls V s
HDf = gDs
Where:
Coefficient of friction at discharge, PPE by Morse, p. 605
[ ]
.424
z
0 . 0035+0 .0007562
fD = DsVsS
Where:
Z = viscosity = 33.04 centipoises
Vs = flow velocity at discharge, 2.28 m/sec.
Ds = inside diameter of pipe at discharge.
[ ]
0.424
33.04
fD = 0.0035+0.0007562
( 0.08341 ) (2.28)(0.8841)
fD = 0.0106
Thus,
2
2.28 m
2(0.0106)(141.6 m)( )
HDF = sec
(9.81 m/sec 2 )(0.08341m)
HDF = 19.07 m
Therefore,
Hf = 10.74 m + 19.07 m
Hf = 29.81 m
9.3.4 Velocity Head, HV:

2
∆V
HV =
2g
2
m m
(2.28 −1.78 )
sec sec
HV =
m
2(9.81 )
sec2
HV = 0.0127 m
9.3.5 Total static head, Z:
Z = Zd – Zs = 30 m – 0.13 m
Z = 29.87 m
9.3.6 Total Pressure head, Hp:
p s − pd
Hp =
Sf
2 2
131 KN /m −117.2 KN /m
Hp = 3
8.67 KN /m
Hp = 1.59 m
Therefore;
TDH = 1.59 m + 29.87 m + 29.81 m + 0.0127 m
TDH = 61.3 m
3
From MP Pumps Catalogue, Chemflo pump series. With a capacity of 0.966 m /min (255.2
gal/min) and a TDH of 61.3 m (201 ft), using the selection table, the selected model is
CHEMFLO 8 from MP pumps Inc.

ITEM NO. 10: PIPING SYSTEM AND SELECTION OF PUMP
(FROM REFILLING AREA TO FUEL OIL STORAGE TANK)
In this particular matter, the designers decide to use a 152.4 mm (6 in) pipes for both
suction and discharge line for maximum operation. In selecting of pump for this system, the
3
m
designers decide to use FLOMAX 40 from MP pumps Inc. with a capacity of 2.4 (625
min
gallons per minute) and a TDH of 49 m (160 ft).

Solving for actual filling time of one (1) Fuel Oil Storage Tank;
V
tf
3 3
m 8094.8 m
2.4 = t f = Actual filling time
min tf
t f =56.2hours∨¿ m3
Q = 625 gpm or 2.4
min
2 days∧8 hours (actual capacity of selected pump)

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CHAPTER III

ITEM NO 1. DESIGN OF FUEL OIL STORAGE TANK

1.1: DESIGN AND OPERATING CONDITION

From MAN 48/60 Genset Catalogue:

Diesel Fuel Designation ULSD EN 590

1.2: DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:

reserve in case of failure on delivery.

Use an average corrosion allowance of 0.315 mm.

allowance of 0.50 meter to the computed height.

1.3: FUEL CONSUMPTION

(From Instructional Manual in Power Plant Engineering by R D. Degala)

(From Instructional Manual in Power Plant Engineering by R D. Degala)

ρ@ 15.6= ρ15° C [ 1+0.0007(15−15.6) ]

ρ@ 15.6=¿ 875.63 kg/m3

For the density of fuel at 25 ° C

For the specific gravity of fuel at 25 ° C

SG @25 = ( SG @15.6 )[1 – 0.0007(t-15.6)]

1.5: VOLUME FLOW OF FUEL, Vfi

Vf= 2.2014 m3/hr

For three months volume of fuel:

Vf = 2.2014 m3/hr ( 241 dayhr )( 1month

1.6: VOLUME OF FUEL OIL STORAGE TANK, V FOST

V FOST =1.25 ( 4,755 m3 ) (9 units)

The designer decides to use eight fuel oil storage tanks.

1.7: DIMENSION OF FUEL OIL STORAGE TANK

1.5.1: Diameter of Fuel Oil Storage Tank, d

(The volume of the tank is equal to the volume of cylinder.)

1.7.2: Height of Fuel Oil Storage Tank, H

1.7.3a: Internal Pressure, P

and Roberson, page 39)

δ f = specific weight of fuel

= 0.8742 x 9.81 kN/m3 = 8.58 kN/m3

H = height of storage tank

P=( 8.58 kN / m3 ) ( 32.92m )

P= (282.45 kPa ) ( 0.145

Pi=( 40.95 psi ) + ( 14.7 psi )

1.7.3b: Inside Radius, r

1.7.3: Thickness of Fuel Oil Storage Tank, t

From ASME Section VIII Div.1 UG-27,

ri = inside radius of the shell, before corrosion

Single Lap Weld 40%

Chemical Engineers 4th ed. New York; McGraw, Inc.)

Table 4: Design Equation Data for Pressure Vessel

Adding a corrosion allowance of 0.315 mm (0.0124 in):

1.8: SPECIFICATION OF DIESEL FUEL OIL STORAGE TANK

FUEL OIL STORAGE TANK

Geometry of Tank Cylinder

Installation Vertical above ground

Holding Capacity 6686.72 m

Tank Material Carbon Steel (SA-285, Cr. C)

ITEM NO. 2: DESIGN OF FUEL OIL DAY TANK

2.1: DESIGN AND OPERATING CONDITIONS:

From Previous Computations:

Specific Fuel Consumption @100% Load 185 g/kW-hr

Density of Fuel 869.9 kg/m3 (8.58 kN/m3)

2.2: DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:

hours to the engine at 100% operation.

considering the advantage in terms of maintenance. The dimension is assumed to be H= 2d.

to provide air space.

2.3: VOLUME OF DAY TANK, VFODT