0 0 121118124412131ProjectReport PDF

STANDALONE PUMPED STORAGE COMPONENT OF SAUNDATTI INTEGRATED RENEWABLE
ENERGY PROJECT (IREP)
PROJECT REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sl. No Description Page No
Chapter - 1 Executive Summary

3
Chapter - 2 Salient Features of The Project 9
Chapter - 3 Project Area 15
Chapter - 4 Power Scenario 20
Chapter - 5 Survey and Geotechnical Investigations 22
Chapter - 6 Hydrology & Power Potential Studies 31
Chapter - 7 Design Features of Major Components 36
Chapter - 8 Electro-Mechanical Equipments 41
Chapter - 9 Environmental Aspects 64
Chapter – 10 Construction Programme Schedule 73
Chapter – 11 Cost Estimate 76
Chapter – 12 Financial and Economic Analysis 82
DRAWINGS
Drawing -1 General Layout Plan

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CHAPTER – 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 Introduction
India is leading the world’s renewable energy revolution and is on track to achieve 175 GW
of RE capacity by 2022. Today, Wind & Solar, are the lowest cost source of new
energy, however their inherent infirm nature & non-schedulability presents a huge
challenge for integrating large RE capacities, while maintaining grid stability. Today,
increasing RE capacities coupled with ever changing dynamic demand curves of the
States/DISCOMs/STUs are leading to sub-optimal utilization of the existing base-load
assets resulting in high fixed cost pass through per kWh and additional burden to the
consumers.
Flexible Energy Generation Assets that have a capability to supply both Base Load &
Peaking Power efficiently and economically are the need of the future and the necessary
solution to address the dynamic evolving energy needs of India. The increasing energy
demand of the country can only be met sustainably by developing the much required
Flexible Energy Generation Assets immediately.
Wind-Solar-Storage Hybrid Projects present a viable solution to the problem at hand

and also for future wherein large RE capacities are being planned to be added to National
grid. While battery storage solutions are still evolving, integrating Wind & Solar with
time tested and proven Pumped Storage solutions presents an optimal, economically
viable & scalable solution to supply Schedulable Power On-Demand (SPOD) with
both base load and peak load capabilities to the Nation. Pumped Storage solutions provide
the necessary scale (large volume of energy storage) and have a long life cycle resulting in
lowest cost of delivered SPOD energy over the life of the projects. Developing such
integrated projects in Wind-Solar resource rich locations along with standalone Pumped
Storage capacities independently, without impacting the existing natural water systems /
irrigation systems is necessary to sustainably power the future needs of our country while
maintaining grid stability.
Greenko Group is India’s leading clean energy company, with ~4.8 GW operational
portfolio across 15 states in India. Greenko Group has an existing asset base of over USD
5.5 Billion with an equity investment of USD 2 Billion. Greenko enjoys strong
shareholder support of the world’s largest sovereign wealth funds of Singapore (GIC) and
Abu Dhabi (ADIA). Greenko Group has an experienced & diverse management team to
develop, execute and operate challenging projects with expertise across large-scale Wind,
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Project Report of Standalone Pumped Storage Component of Saundatti IREP
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Solar PV and Hydro projects. The team has recently commissioned one of the World’s
largest single 816 MWDC Solar PV Plant in Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh within a record
time of 6 months.
Greenko Group has over the past 10 years, developed capabilities not just in RE project
execution, but also state of the art digital capabilities for efficiently forecasting
renewable generation trends in Solar & Wind domains giving it a unique capability
to integrate diverse generation streams of energy to lead the creation of a
Decarbonized, Digitized future on the Energy sector in India.
Greenko Group has been in the process of evaluating suitable locations for such integrated
projects for over 1 year and has identified Saundatti, Belgavi District, Karnataka as possible
location for the proposed Saundatti Integrated Renewable Energy Project (IREP).
Saundatti IREP has been conceived as the World’s First & Largest Gigawatt Scale integrated
project with solar, wind and pumped storage components that can supply Schedulable
Power On Demand (SPOD) which is Dispatchable & Schedulable Renewable Energy for the
first time to consumers across India.
After evaluating the site for over 1 year, assessing the Wind & Solar resources, Greenko
Group has approached the Government of Karnataka (GoK) for necessary permissions and
approvals for the proposed Project. Presently, GoK has approved the project with 1000
MW Solar, 450 MW Wind & 550 MW of Standalone Pumped Storage capacities to be
developed in Phase I with possibility to enhance capacities in subsequent stages to 2400
MW Solar, 2400 MW Wind & 1260 MW Standalone Pumped Storage depending on technical
feasibility, site suitability and associated requirements and demand from various State
DISCOMs/STUs and other consumers. GoK has also allocated 1 TMC of water which is
sufficient for establishing the 1260 MW Pumped Storage component with 8 hour storage
capacity.
All three components of Saundatti IREP are in close vicinity of each other and therefore
power from all three components will be pooled into common pooling station and will be
connected to PGCIL/CTU sub-station at Dharwad for further supply into the National Grid.
The IREP Project is a self-identified project and first of its kind in the world and our country
which can meet the dynamic needs of DISCOMs/STUs, through:
1 24 Hours Round The Clock (RTC) Base Load Energy
2 18 Hours Base Load Energy as per Demand
3 12 Hour Peak Load Energy (6 hours + 6 hours)
4 Energy Storage Service, Grid Management, Frequency Management &

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Ancillary Services
The GoK has approved the project with First Right of Refusal to utilize the energy from the
project, however with no obligation to consume the same.
This PR is for Standalone Pumped Storage component of Saundatti IREP of 1260 MW

storage capacity, located in Belagavi district of Karnataka. Standalone Pumped Storage
component of Saundatti IREP will comprise of two reservoirs i.e. Renuka Sagar Reservoir
(already existing) and Saundatti IREP Reservoir (to be constructed in natural depression).
This project is a one of its kind because the proposed reservoir is not located on any river
course and the existing Renuka Sagar reservoir is located across river Malaprabha. The
proposed Standalone Pumped Storage Project reservoir is in a natural depression and it is
far away from any river course.
The Standalone Pumped Storage component of Saundatti IREP is located in Belagavi

district of Karnataka. It envisages creation of reservoir across Jagavalla Halla which joins
river Malaprabha, a tributary of River Krishna near village Somapura under Tallur Grama
Panchayat, Saundatti Taluk about 80 Kms from Belagavi. The Standalone Pumped Storage
component of Saundatti IREP is proposed in between two reservoirs i.e. Saundatti IREP
Reservoir as Upper reservoir (to be constructed newly) and the existing Renuka Sagar
(Malaprabha) Reservoir as Lower reservoir. This scheme envisages non-consumptive re-
utilization of 1 TMC of water of the Renuka Sagar reservoir by recirculation. The water in
the Renuka Sagar reservoir (existing lower reservoir) will be pumped up and stored in the
proposed Saundatti IREP reservoir (upper Reservoir) and will be utilized for power
generation. The Geographical co - ordinates of the proposed Saundatti IREP reservoir are
at longitude 75° 00' 42.57" East and latitude is 15° 51' 36.83" North and that of Renuka
Sagar reservoir (existing) are15° 49' 17.15" N and 75° 05' 48.23" E. Proposed Rating of the
Standalone Pumped Storage component of Saundatti IREP is 1260 MW.
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1.2 Scope of Report
The proposed Standalone Pumped Storage component of Saundatti IREP is a self-identified

project and this Pre-feasibility Report has been prepared by M/s Aarvee Associates to
study, evaluate and establish the technical feasibility and economic viability of the proposed
Saundatti IREP.
1.3 Scope of Works
The Saundatti IREP envisages construction of upper reservoir across Jagavalla Halla
whereas existing Renuka Sagar reservoir near Naviluteertha village in Saundatti Taluk of
Belagavi District will be the lower reservoir. The Renuka Sagar reservoir (Existing) is under
operation with a live storage capacity of 34.346 TMC and Saundatti IREP reservoir is
proposed for the live storage capacity of 1.01 TMC.
Proposed Scheme will involve construction of 96m high Dam for creation of Saundatti IREP
reservoir of 1.75 TMC gross capacity. Intake structure and trash rack for five numbers of
independent penstocks in which one penstock will be bifurcated in to two penstock as
hydraulic short circuit to connect two units will be taking off from Saundatti IREP reservoir.
Surface Power House will be located on the Right bank of the upper reservoir at about
1488m from the intake structure and shall be equipped totally with six vertical-axis
reversible Francis type units composed each of a generator/motor and a pump/turbine
having generating/pumping capacity of four units of each of 252MW/274MW and two units
each of 126MW/135MW respectively.
Indoor Gas insulated switchgear (GIS) will be provided in a separate building located
nearby area of the Main Power House. Step up transformers will be placed adjacent to the
GIS building, which will be connected by bus duct galleries to machine hall.
Two nos 400 KV Moose Double circuit Transmission Lines of length 60 Kms shall be used
by the plant. One line will be connected to PGCIL Narendra 400 KV substation at Dharwad
and other line will be connected to IREP CPSS for evacuation of generated Power and for
Supply of power during pumping mode.
The Saundatti IREP envisages construction of
 96 m high Dam for creation of Saundatti IREP reservoir of 1.75 TMC gross storage
capacity
 Power Intake Structure
 2 nos. of 833m long and 12.0m dia concrete lined head race tunnel
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 2 nos. of 30m Dia. circular shape surge shaft with orifice dia. of 5m
 4 nos. of 730m long and 7.5m dia. inclined circular steel lined Penstock tunnel /
Pressure Shaft each for each unit of 252MW.
 1 no 730m long and 7.5m dia inclined circular steel lined Penstock tunnel/ Pressure
shaft bifurcated to 2 penstocks to feed 2 units each of 126MW.
 A surface Power house having an installation of four nos. reversible Francis turbine
each of 252 MW capacity (all 4 units are with variable speed turbines) and two nos.
reversible Francis turbine each of 126 MW capacity (both unitss are with variable
speed turbines) operating under a rated head of 147.99 m in generating mode and
156.39 m in pumping mode.
 70m wide and FSD of 5.50m Tail race channel 1.93 KM long connecting to the
Existing Renuka Sagar reservoir.
1.4 Hydrology
The total catchment area of the Renuka Sagar Reservoir is 2176 Sq. Km and the design
flood discharge is 5239 cumec. The gross storage capacity of the Renuka sagar reservoir is
1108.41 Mcum (37.731 TMC) and the live storage is 972.56 Mcum (34.346 TMC).
Operational pattern of Saundatti IREP has been kept in such a way that 1.0 TMC of water
will be utilized for the proposed Saundatti IREP without affecting the existing commitments
at existing Renuka sagar Reservoir. The project is a pumped storage scheme and hence, no
consumptive utilization of water is required for its operation. The Saundatti IREP reservoir
on upper side is proposed with a live storage of 1.01 TMC to facilitate the pumping
operations.
1.5 Installed Capacity
The Standalone Pumped Storage Component of Saundatti IREP is proposed with a Storage
Capacity of 10080 MWH with Rating of 1260 MW. This project is comprising of 4 units of
252 MW each and 2 units of 126 MW each. The installed capacity of a pumped storage
scheme is influenced by the requirements of daily peaking power requirements, flexibility in
efficient operation of units, storage available in the reservoirs and the area capacity
characteristics. The Project will generate 1260 MW by utilizing a design discharge of 984.03
Cumec and rated head of 147.99 m. The Saundatti IREP will utilize 1366 MW to pump 1.0
TMC of water to the upper reservoir in 9.92 hours.
The Key parameters of Saundatti IREP Operation are as follows:
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Sl. No. Parameter Unit Value
1 Storage Capacity MWH 10080
2 Rating MW 1260
3 No. of Units Nos. 6
4 Rated Head in Turbine mode m 147.99
5 Total Design Discharge Cumec 984.03
6 Design Discharge per unit of 252 MW Cumec 196.80
8 Generation Duration Hrs 8.00
9 Turbine Capacity – 4 Units MW 252
11 Annual Energy Generation MU 3525
12 Pump Capacity – 4 Units MW 274
14 Rated Head in Pump mode m 156.39
15 Pumping Duration Hrs. 9.92
16 Annual Energy consumption Mu 4699
17 Expected Cycle Efficiency % 80.10
The volume of water required for turbine mode of operation is equated to the pumped
mode. Annual energy generation by Saundatti IREP in Turbine mode is 3525 MU. Annual
energy consumption by Saundatti IREP in Pump mode is 4699 MU.
1.6 Power Evacuation
Two nos 400 KV Moose Double Circuit Transmission Lines of length 60 Kms shall be used
Supply of power during pumping mode.
1.7 Environmental Aspects
Upper and lower reservoir for Standalone Pumped Storage Component of Saundatti IREP
will consist of proposed Saundatti IREP reservoir (to be constructed newly) and the existing
Renuka Sagar reservoir. There will be submergence of additional land required for the
proposed Standalone Pumped Storage component of Saundatti IRE project. Also, the land
required is for the construction of power house complex and its appurtenant works Viz.,
Intake structure, Head Race Tunnel, Surge Chamber, Penstocks, powerhouse, Tail Race
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Pool and Tail Race Channel etc. Total land required for the construction of various
components is about 230 Ha. The project area is in Kagehala forest under Savadati Range.
Tail race channel falls totally in private land area. Based on assessment of environmental
impacts, management plans must be formulated for compensatory afforestation and other
environmental issues like Bio-diversity Conservation Plan etc. These issues would be
addressed during the investigations for DPR & Preparation of EIA&EMP report.
1.8 Construction Planning & Schedule
It is proposed to construct the project within a period of 3 years including infrastructure

development which is proposed to be completed within 6 months.
1.9 Project Cost Estimate
The estimate of the project cost has been prepared as per the "Guidelines for formulation
of Detailed Project Reports for Hydro- Electric Schemes" issued by Central Electricity
Authority in January 2015 (Revision 5.0) to arrive at hard cost of the project at March 2018
price level. Quantities have been worked out based on preliminary designs and drawings of
different component works. Unit rate analysis was done as per the Guidelines for the
preparation of Detailed Project Report of Irrigation and Multipurpose Projects and
Guidelines for the preparation of Estimates for River valley projects. The quantities and
ratings of various Hydro Mechanical and Electro-mechanical equipment’s have been worked
out based on system design and equipment sizing calculations. The total project cost works
out as given below:
S.NO. Description of Item Cost in Crores
1 Cost of Civil & other works 2631.93
Cost of Power Plant
2 Electro Mechanical Equipment including 2369.10
Transmission line
3 Total Project Cost 5001.03
4 Interest during Construction 534.19
5 Total cost of the Project 5535.22
1.10 Economic Financial Analysis
The economical evaluation of Standalone Pumped Storage component of Saundatti IREP

will be arrived at as part of the Integrated Renewable Energy Project Financial Analysis.
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The calculations have been worked out considering a debt- equity ratio of 70:30 and
annual interest rate was at 9.50%.
1.12 Conclusions
The Standalone Pumped Storage component of Saundatti IREP is envisaged to be

completed in a period of 3 years. The project cost works out to Rs. 5535.22 Crores. The
project would generate designed energy of 3525 MU. Other benefit of this storage project
can be in the form of spinning reserve with almost instantaneous start-up from zero to full
power supply, supply of reactive energy, primary frequency regulation, voltage regulation,
etc.
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CHAPTER – 2
SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT
Standalone pumped storage component of

1 Name of the Project
Saundatti IREP
2 Location
a Country India
b State Karnataka
c District Belagavi
3 Geographical Co-Ordinates
Saundatti IREP Reservoir - Upper
a
(Now Proposed)
Latitude 15° 51' 36.83" N
Longitude 75° 00' 42.57" E
Renuka Sagar Reservoir -Lower
b
(Existing)
Latitude 15° 49' 17.15" N
Longitude 75° 05' 48.23" E
4 Access to Project Site
a Airport Belagavi
b Rail head Dharwad
c Road Dharwad (45 Km)
d Port Karwar
5 Project
a Type Standalone Pumped Storage Project
b Storage Capacity 10800 MWH
c Rating 1260 MW
d Peak operation duration 8.00 Hours daily
Saundatti IREP Reservoir -
6
Upper(Now Proposed)
a Live Storage 1.01 TMC
b Dead Storage 0.74 TMC
c Gross Storage 1.75 TMC
d Full Reservoir level (FRL) EL +793.00 m
e Top of bund level EL + 795.00
f Min. Draw Down Level (MDDL) EL +760.00 m
Height of Dam from Deepest
g 96.00 m
foundation level
h Total length at the top of dam 435.0 m
i Top width of the dam 6.0 m
Renuka Sagar Reservoir -Lower
7
(Existing)
a Catchment Area 2176 Sq. KM
b Max. flood discharge 5239 cumecs
c Live Storage 34.346 TMC (972.56 Mcum)
d Dead Storage 3.385 TMC (95.85 Mcum)
e Gross Storage 37.731 TMC (1108.41 Mcum)
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f Full Reservoir level (FRL) EL +633.832 m
g Min. Draw Down Level (MDDL) EL +623.93 m
h Length of Dam 154.53 m
i Height of Dam 40.23 m
8 Power Intake
a Type Open Semi Circular
b Elevation of Intake centre line EL +745.26 m
c Elevation of bell mouth bottom EL +735.77 m
9 Head Race Tunnel Concrete Lined
a Head Race Tunnel – 2No’s Twin Tunnels
b Type of tunnel Modified Horse Shoe
c Diameter of Tunnel 12.0 m
d Length of Tunnel 833 m each
e Bed Slope 1 in 1182
10 Surge Chamber
a Type Open Surge
b Dimensions 30m Dia with orifice of 5m, 2 nos
11 Penstock Tunnel/Pressure Shafts
a Type Finished steel lined - circular
4 Nos Independent Penstocks
b Number of Penstocks
& 1 No Independent Penstock bifurcated in to 2
c Diameter of penstock 7.5 m
d Length of penstock 730 m
12 Powerhouse
a Type Surface Powerhouse
b Dimensions including DT L 200.00m x B 25.00 m x H 49.50 m
13 Tail Race Channel Trapezodial - lined
a Length of the channel 1930m
b Bed width 70m
c Full supply depth 5.50m
d Bed fall 1 in 6000
14 Tailrace Trash rack
a Type Semi Circular
b Sill Level EL +585.78 m
c Top of trash rack EL +642.0 m
15 Electro Mechanical Equipment
a 252 MW Turbines
Francis type, vertical shaft reversible pump-
Pump Turbine
turbine
Total No of units 4 Units (all 4 units are with Variable speed)
Rated Pumping Head 156.39 m
Pump Capacity 274 MW
Rated Head in Turbine mode 147.99 m
Turbine Capacity 252 MW
Turbine Design Discharge 196.80 Cumec for each unit
Synchronous speed 150.00 rpm
i Generator-Motor
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Three (3) phase, alternating current
Type synchronous, generator motor semi umbrella
type with vertical shaft
Number of units 4 Units
Rated Capacity Generator – 252MW; Pump Input – 274 MW
Rated Voltage 18 KV
ii Main Power Transformer
Indoor, 3-Ph transformers with Off-load tap
Type
changer (OLTC)
Rated Capacity of each unit 325 MVA
Primary – 18 kV; Secondary - 400 kV
Rated Voltage adjustable range of the secondary voltage:
-10% to +10%(3kV/tap)
b 126 MW Turbines
Francis type, vertical shaft reversible pump-
Pump Turbine
turbine
Total No of units 2 Units (both units are with Variable speed)
Rated Pumping Head 156.39 m
Pump Capacity 135 MW
Rated Head in Turbine mode 147.99 m
Turbine Capacity 126 MW
Turbine Design Discharge 98.40 Cumec for each unit
Synchronous speed 214.28 rpm
i Generator-Motor
Three (3) phase, alternating current
Type synchronous, generator motor semi umbrella
type with vertical shaft
Rated Capacity Generator – 126 MW; Pump Input – 135 MW
Rated Voltage 18KV
ii Main Power Transformer
Indoor, 3-Ph transformers with Off-load tap
Type
changer (OLTC)
Rated Capacity of each unit 150 MVA
Primary – 13.8 kV; Secondary - 400 kV
Rated Voltage adjustable range of the secondary voltage:- 10%
to +10% (3kV/tap)
16 420KV Gas Insulated Switchgear
1 Type of GIS Indoor Type
2 No. of GIS units One No.
3 Location Inside GIS Building above ground
4 Scheme Double Busbar Arrangement with sectionalise
17 POWER EVACUATION
a Voltage Level (KV) 400 KV
b Length (KM) 60 Kms
c Structure 400KV Double Circuit Towers with Moose
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Conductor
One line will be connected to PGCIL Narendra
d Terminating at 400 KV substation at Dharwad and other line
will be connected to IREP CPSS.
18 Estimated Cost
a Civil Works 2212.48 Cr
b E & M Works incl. transmission 2016.00 Cr
Sub-Total 4228.48 Cr
c IDC & Others 1306.74 Cr
Total Project Cost 5535.22 Cr
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CHAPTER – 3
PROJECT AREA
3.1 General
Saundatti IREP is located in Belagavi district of Karnataka. It envisages creation of a

reservoir in natural depression of karlakatti forest area near Yekkundi & Karlakatti village.
The project is about 80 km from District headquarters Belagavi via Yeragatti. Nearest
railhead and Airport are located at Dharwad and Belagavi respectively. The nearest Village
to project is Karlakatti , which comes under Yekkundi Panchayat, Saundatti Taluk. The
Storage Capacity of the Project is proposed as 10800 MWH.
Karnataka is one of the 29 states of India, situated on the country's southwestern coast.
The state is the seventh largest state covering an area of 1,91,976 km2 (74122 sq. mi). As
per 2011 census of India, the state is the eighth largest by population with 6,11,30,704
inhabitants.
The state borders Kerala in the south, Maharashtra in the northwest, Karnataka in the
northeast, Arabian sea in the west, Tamil Nadu in the south east. Karnataka is divided into
30 districts and 4 administrative divisions. The state is geographically consisting of 4
principal regions, the coastal region of Karavali, the hilly Malenadu region comprising the
Western Ghats, Malnadu region of Kolar, Bengaluru and Tumakuru and the Bayaluseeme
region comprising the plains of the Deccan plateau. Geographically, the two main river
systems of the state are the Krishna and its tributaries, the Bhima, Ghataprabha,
Vedavathi, Malaprabha, and Tungabhadra, in the north, and the Kaveri and its tributaries,
the Hemavati, Shimsha, Arkavati, Lakshmana Thirtha and Kabini, in the south. Most of
these rivers flow out of Karnataka eastward, reaching the sea at the Bay of Bengal.
The total forest cover of the state after the bifurcation is left with an area of 22,862 km2.
The forest in the state can be broadly divided into four major biotic provinces. They are
Deccan Plateau, Central Plateau, Eastern Highland, East Coastal Plains. Though several
etymologies have been suggested for the name Karnataka, the generally accepted one is
that Karnataka is derived from the Kannada words karu and nādu, meaning "elevated
land". Karu nadu may also be read as karu, meaning "black", and nadu, meaning "region",
as a reference to the black cotton soil found in the Bayalu Seeme region of the state. The
British used the word Carnatic, sometimes Karnatak, to describe both sides of peninsular
India, south of the Krishna.
Karnataka has a rich diversity of flora and fauna. It has a recorded forest area of 38,720
km2 (14,950 sq. mile) which constitutes 20.19% of the total geographical area of the state.
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These forests support 25% of the elephant and 10% of the tiger population of India. Many
regions of Karnataka are yet unexplored, so new species of flora and fauna are found
periodically. The Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot, includes the western region of
Karnataka. Two sub-clusters in the Western Ghats, viz. Talacauvery and Kudremukh, both
in Karnataka, are on the tentative list of World Heritage Sites of UNESCO. The Bandipur
and Nagarahole National Parks, which fall outside these sub clusters, were included in the
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in 1986, a UNESCO designation. The Indian roller and the Indian
elephant are recognised as the state bird and animal while sandalwood and the lotus are
recognised as the state tree and flower respectively. Karnataka has five national parks:
Anshi, Bandipur, Bannerghatta, Kudremukh and Nagarhole. It also has 27 wildlife
sanctuaries of which seven are bird sanctuaries.
Wild animals that are found in Karnataka include the elephant, the tiger, the leopard, the
gaur, the sambar deer, the chital or spotted deer, the muntjac, the bonnet macaque, the
slender loris, the common palm civet, the small Indian civet, the sloth bear, the dhole, the
striped hyena and the golden jackal. Some of the birds found here are the great hornbill,
the Malabar pied hornbill, the Ceylon frogmouth, herons, ducks, kites, eagles, falcons,
quails, partridges, lapwings, sandpipers, pigeons, doves, parakeets, cuckoos, owls,
nightjars, swifts, kingfishers, bee-eaters and munias. Some species of trees found in
Karnataka are Callophyllum tomentosa, Callophyllum wightianum, Garcina cambogia,
Garcina morealla, Alstonia scholaris, Flacourtia montana, Artocarpus hirsutus, Artocarpus
lacoocha, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Grewia tilaefolia, Santalum album, Shorea talura,
Emblica officinalis, Vitex altissima and Wrightia tinctoria. Wildlife in Karnataka is threatened
by poaching, habitat destruction, human-wildlife conflict and pollution.
3.2 Malaprabha River
The Malaprabha river flows through Karnataka state. The Malaprabha river originates from
Chorla ghats, which is a part of Western Ghats. It is a tributary to the Krishna river and it
flows through the Dharwad district. The Malaprabha river is an important river in north
Karnataka. The ancient temple of Shri Mauli Devi, which is located at the origin of the
Malaprabha river, is a well-known pilgrimage centre in India. Badami, Pattadakal and Aihole
temples, which are situated on the bank of Malaprabha river are famous in India. Some
historical places are located on the bank of the Malaprabha river as well as in the vicinity of
the river.
The Malaprabha river originates in the Western Ghats, in the Kanakumbi village of Belagavi
district at an altitude of 792 meters above the sea level. The Kanakumbi village is 16 km
west of Jamboti village, Khanapur Taluka, Belagavi District in Karnataka state. The
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Malaprabha river flows first in east direction and then north-west, for almost 300 km and
then it merges with Krishna river, at Kudala Sangama in Bagalkot district, Karnataka state.
Merging of these two rivers is done at height of 488 meters from sea level.
The Bennihalla, Tuparihalla and Hirehalla are the tributaries of the river. Including its
tributaries, the Malaprabha river covers 11,549 Sq. km area. The catchment area of the
river lies between 15° 00' and 16° 12’ North latitude and 74° 14' and 76° 05' East
longitude, in Karnataka state. The Malaprabha river flows from Kanakumbi, then
Khanakpur-Soundatti-Nargund-Kudal Sangam, before it merges with the Krishna river at
Kudal Sangama. The confluence of the Malaprabha river with the Krishna river is almost
304 km away from the origin of the Malaprabha river in Western Ghats.
The Bennihalla, Tuparihalla and Hirehalla are the main tributaries of the Malaprabha river.
All these rivers originate in district Dharwad. The Bennihalla, Tuparihalla and Hirehalla, all
are small streams. The Bennihalla originates at an elevation of 548 meters from sea level.
3.3 Climate
Climate of Karnataka presents an exceptional diversity. While the hilly and plateau regions
demonstrate a different climatic behaviour, the plain presents comparatively a warmer
atmosphere. Due to this diversity in climate and weather of Karnataka, it has been divided
into 3 major parts:
 Coastal Karnataka, which includes: Dakshina Kannada and Uttara Kannada districts.
 North Interior Karnataka, which includes: Belagavi, Bidar, Bijapur, Dharwad, Gulbarga
and Raichur districts.
 South Interior Karnataka, which includes: the remaining districts of Bengaluru Rural,
Bengaluru, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Chitradurga, Kodagu, Hassan, Kolar, Mysuru, Mandya,
Shimoga and Tumkur districts.
The most famous city of Karnataka is Bengaluru which is best known for its awesome
weather and panoramic views. Bengaluru is also known as ‘air-conditioned city’. During
most of the time in year Bengaluru’s atmosphere remains pleasant, it’s douched with a nice
shower, which dissolves a unique jolliness in the air during summers and winters. The
coastal regions and highly elevated places reveal uniformity in day and night temperature.
Till now the highest recorded temperature is 45.60° C at Raichur in 1928 while the lowest
temperature of an individual station was recorded 2.80° C on December 16, 1918 in Bidar.
3.3.1 Summers
The average weather of Karnataka is dry and warm over different regions and summers
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start from the month of April which last till the month of May. These months are the
hottest months in Karnataka, somewhere the humidity percentage is comparatively low but
as the month of June starts; pervaded humidity in the air could make you uncomfortable as
the monsoon is reaching the state soon. The average temperature remains around 34°C
with 75% humidity.
3.3.2 Monsoon
Monsoon season starts from June and lasts till September, as prominent downfalls in
temperature are noted but at this time the percentage of humidity gets a little higher in
atmosphere. The Tropical Monsoon climate covers the entire coastal belt and adjoining
areas. This area experiences heavy rainfall 3456 mm annually while the North interior
Karnataka and its adjoining areas; Bijapur, Bagalkot, Belagavi, Haveri, Gadag, Dharwad,
Gulbarga, Bellary, Koppal and Raichur districts experience mediocre rainfall of 731mm per
annum. On the other side, the South interior Karnataka receives a blissful shower of
monsoon annually.
3.4 Mineral Resources
The state of Karnataka is abundant in mineral resources. It is said to be one of the most
mineral rich states of India. The mineral belt covers an area of 1.92 lakh sq.km including
30 districts of the state. Karnataka is also endowed with the green stone belt with valuable
mineral resources such as gold, silver, copper, iron-ore, manganese, limestone, dolomite,
asbestos, bauxite, chromite, kaolin and granite rock.
3.4.1 Other Minerals in Karnataka
Other minerals found scattered across the state are Chromite, Dolomite, and Bauxite.
Chromite is found in altered ultrabasic rocks in the districts of Chikmagalur, Chitradurga,
Hassan, Mysuru and Shimoga. Dolomite’s presence has been recorded at a number of
places. There is a possibility of a reserve of 1112 million tonnes of Dolomite deposits in the
regions of Belagavi and Bijapur districts. Bauxite is found in the Chikmagalore district.
Karnataka is among the very few Indian states to formulate a progressive mineral policy as
early as the year 2000. Features such as transparency in granting mineral concessions,
adoption of modern techniques in mining and emphasis on value addition and sustainability
make this policy so progressive.
3.5 Education
The average literacy rate of Karnataka is 75.36 percent. Male literacy rate in Karnataka is
82.47 percent. Female literacy rate in Karnataka is 68.08 percent. Total literates in
Karnataka are 40,647,322 people. Male literates in Karnataka are 22,508,471. Female
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literates in Karnataka are 18,138,851.
3.6 General Features of the Project
Saundatti IREP is located in Belagavi district of Karnataka. It envisages creation of reservoir

across a Nalla called Jagavalla Halla joining the Malaprabha reservoir near Yekkundi village.
There is no consumptive use of water as the same water is used for both pumping and
generation. The project envisages construction of a Dam to form reservoir, an Intake
Structure, Head Race Tunnel, Surge Chamber, Penstock tunnel and a surface Power House.
The Standalone Pumped Storage Capacity of the Project is proposed as 10080 MWH. There
are no monuments of archaeological or national importance which would be affected by
project activities directly or indirectly.
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CHAPTER – 4
POWER SCENARIO
4.1. Karnataka State Power Position
Karnataka has 22289.96 MW capacity as on 28.02.2018 against 96294.45 MW in southern

region and 334146.91 MW in all India.
INSTALLED CAPACITY (IN MW) OF POWER UTILITIES IN THE STATES/UTS LOCATED IN SOUTHERN REGION
INCLUDING ALLOCATED SHARES IN JOINT & CENTRAL SECTOR UTILITIES
Mode Wise Break Up As on 28.02.2018
Ownership/
State Thermal Hydro RES
Sector Nuclear Total
Coal Gas Diesel Total (Renewables) (MNRE)
State 5020 0 127.92 5147.92 0 3599.8 155.33 8903.05
Private 1958.5 0 25.2 1983.7 0 0 8276.01 10259.71
Karnataka
Central 2429.2 0 0 2429.2 698 0 0 3127.2
Sub-Total 9407.7 0 153.12 9560.82 698 3599.8 8431.34 22289.96
As per CEA Report for February 2018
Energy Power Supply Position Report

February 2018 'April 2017 to February 2018
Energy Energy
State Requirement Energy Supplied Energy not supplied Requirement Energy Supplied Energy not supplied
MU MU MU % MU MU MU %
Karnataka 6234 6228 5 0.1 61035 60928 -107 -0.2
As per CEA Report for February 2018
Peak Power Supply Position Report

February 2018 'April 2017 to February 2018
State Energy Energy not supplied Energy Energy not supplied

Requirement Energy Supplied Requirement Energy Supplied
MU MU MU % MU MU MU %
Karnataka 10205 10205 0 0 10381 10347 -34 -0.3
Karnataka energy requirement was 61035 MU and the supply was 60928 MU.
Karnataka has a short fall of 107 MU.4.2
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Necessity of Hydro Power Development
The demand and supply position in Karnataka, discussed above, clearly brings out the
immediate need for taking up new generation schemes in the state to bridge the gap
between supply and demand. Karnataka has the largest hydro power potential among all
the states of the Southern region. The need for implementing new hydroelectric schemes in
the region for providing peak power besides energy at competitive rates therefore needs
no further emphasis. In this power shortage scenario, the option available is to bridge the
gap (to a great extent) between demand and supply adopting energy conservation
measures optimally utilizing the existing generation capacity by improving Plant Load
Factor (PLF) at the supply side and by adopting various energy efficiency measures at the
demand side.
In addition of above the most reliable option for energy storage is development of Pumped
storage schemes, which is the most widely used form of bulk-energy storage, which uses
the simple combination of water and gravity to capture off-peak power and releases it at
times of high demand. Along with energy management, pumped storage systems are also
helpful in controlling electrical network frequency and provide reserve generation. Thermal
plants are much less able to respond to sudden changes in electrical demand, potentially
causing frequency and voltage instability. Pumped storage plants, like other hydroelectric
plants, can respond to load changes within seconds.
In view of the power scenario described above, the Saundatti IREP envisaged with Storage
Capacity of 10080 MWH with Rating of 1260 MW and will help a long way in meeting the
projected power demand.
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CHAPTER – 5
SURVEY & GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS
5.1 General
The following investigations shall be carried out specifically for the proposed project and
are briefly discussed in this Chapter:
 Topographical survey
 Geology & Geotechnical investigations
 Construction material investigations
 Hydrological & Meteorological investigations
5.2 Topographical Survey
Topographical maps (D43D1 and D43C13) of Survey of India were referred for preliminary
investigation, reconnaissance and for finalizing the proposed project layout.
5.3 Reconnaissance Survey
The main aim of the project is to utilize the existing Renuka Sagar reservoir and proposed
Saundatti IREP reservoir to act as lower and upper reservoirs respectively for the
proposed Standalone Pumped Storage Component of Saundatti IREP.
A reconnaissance survey is made for the river, existing reservoirs, possible intake and exit
locations, penstock tunnels, power house area and TRC. All salient features of the area
are noted during the reconnaissance survey.
5.4 Geological Survey & Investigation
5.4.1 Physiography
The Belagavi district is divided into three physiographical divisions.
 Malenaadu Tract (Western Ghat Region)
 Gadinaadu Tract (Border area Region)
 Bayalunaadu Tract (Plain Land Region)
The “Malenaadu” tract is the Western Ghat area, with lush green forests, sharply
undulating topography, and heavy rainfall. Many 1st order streams traverse this area.
There are many natural springs in this tract. The “Gadinaadu” (intermediary) tract shows
medium range flat to gently rising hills, with shrubby greenery, receiving an average
rainfall. The streams are of 3rd & 4th order. The “Bayalunaadu” tract shows vast, flat
terrain, with flat topped barren hills. The rainfall received is less than 650 mm.
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5.4.2 Soil
Soil is an index of the bedrock. Most of the soil is a bi-product of weathering of the
bedrock. The Basalt area is covered by black cotton soil where the rock is directly
subjected to weathering. Wherever the Zeolitic beds are exposed the soil is brownish
with specks of amygdaloids, chalcedony, quartz and calcite, etc. The Sandstone and
Quartzite formation are covered by brown, or deep gray, sandy soil. The Lime stone and
Dolomite are covered by calcareous dark gray soil.The Schist covered by yellow and
purple shale shows yellow and purple soils. The BHQ bands are not altered sufficiently
and in many areas the bands are exposed at surface. Broken BHQ pieces and deep
brown soil is observed around these deposits. Phyllite having limited weathering shows
dark gray coloured soil covering. The Granite and Gneissic Granite, show light brown to
deep brown and deep gray soils often mixed with sand and feldspar. The dykes are
surrounded by black cotton soil.
5.4.3 Regional Geology
The complex geological formations can be observed in the Belagavi district. The Schist
and Banded Ferruginous Quartzite, the peninsular gneiss by Granite and Gneissic
Granites, the Kaladgi formations, Sandstone, Quartzite, Shale and Limestone and
Dolomite, Basalt (Deccan Trap) and the Laterite formations are observed in the district.
The Geological Succession of Belagavi District as follows:
 Laterite, Sand deposits - Recent.
 Deccan Basalt - Tertiary,
 Sand Stone, Dolomite, Limestone - Kaladagi series,
 Schist, Gneiss, Granite - Archean.
The Archaen Schist is an extension of the Dharawar schist belt. The formation is
overlaid by thick cover of shale, the thickness varying from 15 to 25m as observed in
many villages of Khanapur and Bailhongal, Belagavi talukas. In few places like, Marihal
in Belagavi taluka, Shivanur, Nichanaki villages of Bailhongal taluka, the shale cover
extends up to 100 m. The Schist encountered below shale cover is greyish in colour,
exhibit well developed platy structures. Individual plates can be easily separated. It is
usually weathered up to 25-30 m. It shows a general trend of NW 10-SW 10SE dipping
due east. The Schist formation is observed in Bailhongal, Khanapur, Belagavi and
Saundatti talukas.
Phyllite is a hard formation, resembling schist by its grey colour, having trend, dip etc
similar and occurring adjoining the schist. Joints and platy structures are poorly
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developed. It is massive in nature, breaking in to irregular, angular fragments or
irregular massive boulders. It shows a trend of NNW-SSE, and occurs parallel to schist.
Such formation occupies limited extent in the Central part of Bailhongal taluka and
Western parts of Saundatti shallow weathering, and non-porous nature, seepage of
water is limited to shallow depth and hence regularly proved to be a poor aquifer. 16
villages of Bailhongal taluka and western part of Saundatti taluka, which are traversed
by these formations acute shortage of water.
The BHQ exposures occur parallel to the schist formation. The quartz and hematite
impart a mixed brownish colour to the rock. Well-developed banded structures can be
clearly observed. Exposures of BHQ are observed in the Bailhongal taluka. This is
characterized by compact platy structure of hematite and quartz bands. Both Schist and
BHQ show a general trend of NNW-SSE direction, dipping due East.
The Sandstone, Quartzite and Limestone, Shaly Limestone represent the Kaladagis. The
Sand stones are horizontally bedded, fine to coarse grained, exhibiting white, buff,
pink, yellow colours. Many structural features, like parallel bedding current bedding,
ripple marks, folds, faults, brecciation, conglomeration etc. can be observed. Usually in
the lower contours, the rock is weathered up to 25-45 m. Flat topped hill ranges can be
seen in Hukkeri, Ramadurga, Saundatti and Bailhongal Talukas. This is the second
largest formation observed in the district. Lot of sandstone is being used as building
material. There are few natural springs in Sandstone rock are also found, few of the
springs are physically observed at the Yallamma temple, Sogal-kshetra, Hunashiwari
math, Rudrapur fort etc.
The huge quartzite exposures are available in Ramadurga and Saundatti talukas. The
Lime stone occurrence restricted to the eastern part of Gokak taluka and NE part of
Ramadurga and South, western part of Khanapur taluka. This is greyish coloured,
compact, and often thickly bedded. Ca% varies from 42-48%, Mg 14 %-17%. Si02 in
Yadwad area ranges up to 7% Limestone of Belagavi district is massive in nature and
occurs as massive deposits. This is being used for preparation of Lime, and Cement.
Dolomite is observed to occur in Limestone areas of Yadwad in Gokak taluka. A large

deposit if Dolomite is observed near Yaragatti, Yarzarvi villages in Saundatti taluka.
Sahley limestone is noticed around sidnal, Godachi village in Ramadurga taluka, being
used as paving stone. Mg % is up to 21-27% with Ca % up to 29 - 30%. This is
massive in nature, very brittle and often stands as hard, non-weathered stretch. In
Talaewadi-Krishnapur range of Khanapur taluka there are at least 7-8 huge caves in
limestone and dolomite are in area.
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The Deccan Basalt, generally known as “Trap” of Deccan Trap” occupy a large extent in
the Northern part, thinning out towards South. The origin of Trap is resultant of
volcanic eruptions in the Pune region of Maharashtra State and surface flows in to
Karnataka. At least 3-4 volcanic flows can be seen above ground levels, (640m) and 3-4
flows, below surface levels. Individual trap flow is marked by inter-trepan bed, usually
filled with Zeolites, Amygdaloids, Quartz, jasper, Calcite etc as cavity filling deposits.
Well-developed onion of exfoliation type weathering, vertical and columnar joints can
be noticed. Flat-topped hill ranges can be seen in Belagavi, Khanapur, Hukkeri,
Chikkodi, Athani and Raibag talukas. This formation being the younger, it is observed to
be over lying sandstone, schist, gneisses, limestone etc. At surface the rock is
weathered up to 8-15m at various places. In many parts of Athani taluka, central parts
of Chikkodi and Raibag taluka, the inter-trepan beds are exposed in the form of
reddish, deep brownish soil, often mixed with the amygdaloids, jaspers, zeolites etc.
Laterite of this district is an altered product of Deccan trap. In a cross section, one can
observe laterite at top followed by leached out alumina clay, grading down in to
weathered of massive trap. It is exposed as covering over the trap bedrock. The
alumina content is usually less than 30% but some detached, 49-59% alumina rich
deposits (Bauxit) are observed in southwestern parts of Khanapur and Belagavi talukas.
Because of its porous nature, laterite behaves as good receptor of water, allowing
percolation up to the depth bedrock. This being followed by Deccan trap the water start
to spread horizontally and at many places appear in the form of contact springs as
observed in Khanapur and Belagavi talukas. Hence there are more than 15 villages
having the water springs and using as their water supply sources.
Following table shows taluka wise distribution of geological formations in the district
Belagavi.
Taluka Geological formation
Athani Daccan Trap
Belagavi Schist, Laterite, Basalt, sandstone, Gneiss
Chikkodi Daccan Trap
Gokak Granite, Gneiss, sandstone, Basalt, Limestone,

Dolomite.
Hukkeri Basalt, sandstone Quartzite
Khanapura Schist, Granite, Gneiss, Basalt, Limestone, Bauxite,
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Manganese, Iron ore, Limestone, Dolomite, Dyke,
Clays.
Raibag Daccan Trap
Ramadurga Shale, Basalt, Quartzite, Sandstone, Gneiss,

Limestone, Shaley Lime Stone
Saundatti Sandstones and Quartzite
Bailahongal Phyllite and Deccan trap, BHQ
5.4.4 General Geology of Proposed Dam Area
The proposed Dam axis area comprising with U shaped valley which is comprising
vertical and sub vertical rock abutment at both banks of Halla and having well exposed
rock exposers of sandstone and quartzite of Saundatti taluka of Belagavi formation
which are having almost horizontal bedding which are dipping towards downstream of
Halla (nalla) (NE). The well exposed quartzite which is massive in nature and having 30
cm to 2m thick beds which are separated with very thin layers of shale/ limestone and
jointed with three prominent set of Joints having tight in nature and partly open also at
places along with a bedding joints which are having very low dip angle (5-10-degree
dipping towards 45 – 60NE). The both banks of Halla is covered with shallow depth
overburden due to vertical joints and horizontal joint system of rocks disintegrated
blocks of rocks are falling in foothills and converted in to debris which is partly flows in
runoff water of monsoon rains and rest as accumulated at places and stored as debris.
Main Joints at Proposed Dam Area are as follows-
Dip Direction (° in Whole Circle) Dip Amount (°) Persistence (m)
300 – 340 70-75 > 15
240 – 270 75-85 5–7
130 – 150 65-75 3–5
And a Bedding Joint 050 – 065° and dipping amount between 5 – 10° having more
than 50m persistence and partly open to tightly jointed also.
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Photograph Showing Horizontal bedding and vertical to sub vertical jointing system at
proposed dam both Abutments.
But the Halla Bed is covering with planned forest which is comprising with UK Liptus trees
which are having about 10-15 years old because they all are and having 0.3 to 0.60m
diameter of trunks. This kind of trees trunks reflect there may be an overburden depth
between 10 – 15m. and river bed overburden characteristics is compacted debris overlaid by a
thick layer of silty soil which is seem in locally cut sections in Halla bed which is nomenclature
as clay or siltstone as shown in following photographs.
Contact of Debris and

Clay at Halla Bed
Photograph Showing Planned Forest in reservoir area and nature of overburden at Halla Bed.
Near the proposed dam axis, a check dam has constructed by some forest personals for
maintaining the ground water level and getting saturated the planned forest. That may be a
land mark for identification of proposed dam location. The downstream of proposed location
comprising with slightly wider U-shaped valley which is approx. 300 m distance between both
banks of Halla at bed of Halla it is slightly at crest level of both banks, and after some meters
its getting kinked sharply towards left banks hence this is not a suitable location for
construction of any dam structure. About 75 – 100m above from selected location which has
finalized near the check dam location again valley is wider and forest is slightly less, and
valley is almost in W shape, at bed of Halla it is about 150-170m wide and at top of hill it is
about 260m wide. both banks of Halla is governed by vertical rocks at top 70-80 m heights
and gentle slopes are also observed at both banks, wheres the bed rocks may available at
shallow depths.
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At this location the Halla bed is flowing NW - SE and about a stretch of 200 m downstream is
straight and about 750m upstream also straight and wider in upstream.
Therefore, this location is seems good for housing any Dam structures, although the depth of
overburden also need to identified through ERST ets. before reaching any conclusion.
Photographs showing Right Bank & Left Bank of Proposed Dam Axis
5.4.5 Tests & Investigations and Geological Mapping Scales
Considering that detail and dependable geological map of site constitute the backbone of
all investigation and civil design, it is necessary that the detail geological map of the project
components is carried out as per following details. The desired mapping shall pay special
attention to demarcation of exposed rock and overburden deposits, and structural details,
in particular foliation, master joints and shear.
For confirming the Halla bed and finalization of acceptable foundation level of Dam
foundation at least 03 drill holes at proposed dam axis and 2 Nos at 50 M downstream of
proposed axis need to drill up to 30 m in bed rocks, which can be executed during detail
designing of project. ERT can be done in DPR Stage which will provide the information
about depth of overburden in Halla bed. Bed rocks are exposed in both banks of Dam
abutments and its physical property also known with field tests but for chemical property it
is require conducting some laboratory tests at DPR Stage. A 25m deep 2.5 m wide and
2.0m high exploratory drift at both banks also require for optimizations of stripping limits of
dam abutments and rock to rock and rock to concrete shear test also require because
beddings are almost horizontally laid at both banks of proposed dam locations.
Engineering geological mapping of Tail Race tunnel and Penstock area need to cover
lithology, discontinuities, any major structural features like faults, folds, etc. may be carried
out in 1:5000 scale. For Proposed Power House area, the geological mapping of the entire
complex is required. It is necessary to cover sufficient area around the components of the
powerhouse complex. As the site is in rather complex geological setting, special efforts are
required to carefully demarcate features like the rock slide, rock condition of the rock slide
escarpment and all.
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5.4.6 Geology of Powerhouse and Tunnels
As per the details collecting during surface geological mapping at glance it was confirmed
that both banks of proposed location are comprising with excellent rocks and suitable to
housing underground structures, with keeping axis of craven almost perpendicular to the
main bedding joints. During construction and detail designing of projects In- situ test will
give finial orientation of cavern based upon results of hydro-fracture tests and shearing
tests.
For making any size of tunnels the adjacent rock outcrops are very suitable except some
minor faults and shear joints which may be negotiated during construction of tunnels. For
tunnelling TBM will be the most suitable method of excavations because the rocks are
almost horizontally bedded and vertically to sub vertically dissecting with bedding joints
hence falling of rocks may occur frequently if support of rocks may not provide on time
although in TBM tunnelling pre-cast support are provided along with excavation of phase.
5.4.7 Geology of Rim Area
Along the Halla Bed a complete traverse was taken towards 3 KM up stream of proposed
dam axis along with river bed and observations were recorded. The banks of Halla are
fairly stable due to horizontally bedded of rock beds and vertically jointed. No slide zone
was recorded in upside of axis up to 4 KM distance.
Photographs are showing Geology of RIM area of Dam

5.6 Construction Material
The excavated material from the tunnels and the power house components may be sorted,
crushed, tested and utilized for the construction activities.
5.7 Further Studies for Survey & Geotechnical Investigation
Detailed topographic survey shall be carried out for the proposed Saundatti IREP Reservoir
area and for the all other project components. Similarly, large scale contour plans shall be
prepared for taking up the detailed geological mapping of the proposed sites to identify the
shear zones and fault zones and to suggest sub- surface explorations.
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5.8 Control Benchmarks
A network of control points shall be established in the project area, using auto-levels and
Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). Traversing shall be conducted between the
DGPS points by using Total Station. Height control shall be established with respect to the
existing bench mark.
5.9 Further Studies for Geotechnical Investigation
Large scale contour plans shall be prepared to bring out the detailed geological and
structural features of the project components and also to delineate any weak features like
shear zones or fault zones.
The Geotechnical explorations and required soil and rock mechanics tests shall be taken up
for the assessment of foundation strata as per the design requirements. The pattern of
drilling, spacing and the minimum depth of boreholes shall be carried out in accordance
with the Guidelines for preparation of DPR for Irrigation & Multi purpose projects vide
Annexure – 1 (b). The number of boreholes proposed for the structures shall be as follows:
Embankment a) Two drill holes along the Embankment axis in the gorge portion
in order to delineate bed rock profile, depth to cut off and also any
weak and vulnerable strata if any and to be drilled equal to the
maximum height of Embankment or 5m on fresh rock whichever is
higher.
(b) Two vertical boreholes to be drilled equal to the half the

height of Embankment or 5m on fresh rock whichever is less. One
each on u/s and d/s of Embankment axis.
Intake
One vertical drill hole at Intake Structure.
Structure
Head Race Tunnel One vertical drill hole along Head Race Tunnel alignment.
Surge
One vertical drill holes at surge tank location
Tank
Penstock One vertical drill holes at penstock area
Power House Three vertical drill holes at power house area
The following tests shall be carried out:
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1. Standard Penetration Test shall be conducted in 150mm dia of boreholes using split
spoon sampler (SPT). Test shall be conducted in boreholes at intervals of 1.5m c/c. Test
shall be discontinued when the blow count is equal to 100 or drilling 3m into hard strata
whichever is earlier. Test shall confirm to IS 2131-1963 for Embankment & Power House
2. Permeability tests in rock using calibrated pressure and water meters at every 3m
interval or as directed by geologist/engineer, using double packer system, applying
pressures in cyclic order, and including arrangement of necessary clean water for testing
and giving permeability values in lugeons as per IS standards for Embankment Location
3. Shear strength parameters of soil/rock mass
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CHAPTER – 6
HYDROLOGY & POWER POTENTIAL STUDIES
6.0 Introduction
Determination of Power Potential is the primary step in planning a Hydro Power Plant. The
power potential of the project shall be dependent on the project layout, operating water
levels, data on long term flow availability, selected turbo generating equipment type and its
parameters etc.
This storage project is being planned on the allocated water of 1TMC for utilization by
recirculation from existing Renuka Sagar reservoir. Secondly the proposed upper Saundatti
IREP reservoir is not located across any stream and the existing Renuka Sagar reservoir is
located across river Malaprabha. Therefore no Specific hydrological studies are required to
be carried out and similarly power potential studies are also required to be carried out for
the power potential possibility to be generated by recirculation of inflows in between these
reservoirs.
The Saundatti IREP is proposed to utilize the water available in the existing Renuka Sagar
reservoir located on river Malaprabha tributary to Krishna River near Naviluteertha village in
Saundatti Taluk of Belagavi district. For forming the new upper reservoir to store the
pumped water from lower reservoir, it is proposed to construct a Dam for the height of
about 96m from the deepest foundation level. Two head race tunnels of 12m each starts
from the power intake structure which is located on right side of upper reservoir conveys
the water up to the Surge chamber. Five independent pressure shafts emerging from the
Surge shaft will convey the water to the powerhouse. The water from power house out fall
is let back to the existing Renuka Sagar reservoir through Tail Race Channel.
The Key parameters of proposed Saundatti IREP Upper Reservoir are as follows:
1 Full Reservoir Level (FRL) m EL 793.00
2 Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) m EL 760.00
3 Live Storage TMC 1.01
4 Dead Storage TMC 0.74
5 Gross Storage TMC 1.75
6 Deepest Foundation Level (m) m EL 699.00
7 Height of Dam from Deepest foundation level m 96.00
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The Key parameters of Existing Renuka Sagar Lower Reservoir are as follows:
1 Catchment Area of Reservoir Sq. Km 2176
2 Design Flood Discharge Cumec 5239
8 Length of Dam m 154.53
9 Height of Dam m 40.23
SAUNDATTI PSP – UPPER RESERVOIR

AREA CAPACITY TABLE
ELEVATION Depth AREA Capacity Cum.capacity Cum.capacity
(m) (m) (M.sq.m) Sqrt Area Sqrt(A1 * A2) (MCM) (MCM) (TMC)
699 0 0.000000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
700 1 0.010000 0.1000 0.0000 0.0033 0.0033 0.0001
710 10 0.097000 0.3114 0.0311 0.4605 0.4638 0.0164
720 10 0.226000 0.4754 0.1481 1.5702 2.0340 0.0718
730 10 0.357000 0.5975 0.2840 2.8902 4.9242 0.1739
740 10 0.485000 0.6964 0.4161 4.1937 9.1179 0.3220
750 10 0.596000 0.7720 0.5376 5.3955 14.5133 0.5125
760 10 0.700000 0.8367 0.6459 6.4730 20.9864 0.7411
770 10 0.799000 0.8939 0.7479 7.4895 28.4759 1.0056
780 10 0.890000 0.9434 0.8433 8.4409 36.9168 1.3037
790 10 1.000000 1.0000 0.9434 9.4447 46.3615 1.6372
793 3 1.110000 1.0536 1.0536 3.1636 49.5251 1.7490
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6.1 Malaprabha River
The Malaprabha river flows through Karnataka state. The Malaprabha river originates
from Chorla ghats, which is a part of Western Ghats. It is a tributary river to the Krishna
river and it flows through the Dharwad district. The Malaprabha river originates in the
Western Ghats, in the Kanakumbi village of Belagavi district at an altitude of 792 meters
above the sea level. The Kanakumbi village is 16 km west of Jamboti village, Khanapur
Taluka, Belagavi District in Karnataka state. The Malaprabha river flows first in east
direction and then north-west, for almost 300 km and then it merges with Krishna river,
at Kudala Sangama in Bagalkot district, Karnataka state. Merging of these two rivers is
done at height of 488 meters from sea level.
The Bennihalla, Tuparihalla and Hirehalla are the tributaries of the river. Including its
tributaries, the Malaprabha river covers 11,549 Sq. km area. The confluence of the
Malaprabha river with the Krishna river is almost 304 km away from the origin of the
Malaprabha river in Western Ghats.
The difference in catchment area at the proposed Saundatti IREP reservoir is about 0.386
Sq. Km and since only one stream is joining in the proposed location of reservoir, no
specific hydrology study is required and hence no design flood is considered for designing
the reservoir.
6.2 Discharge Series
Based on the inflow data and the storage capacity of the existing reservoir, power
potential study was carried out to assess the installed capacity. The Saundatti IREP is
envisaged to utilize 1.0 TMC of water to be pumped from the existing Renuka Sagar
reservoir to the proposed upper Saundatti IREP reservoir in 9.92hours. The project is a
pumped storage scheme and hence, no consumptive utilization of water is required for its
operation.
6.3 Renuka Sagar Reservoir (Existing)
The existing Renuka Sagar reservoir will be utilised as a lower reservoir to enable
Saundatti IREP to operate as a peak station. The FRL & MDDL of existing Renuka Sagar
reservoir is at EL 633.832m & EL 623.93 m respectively. The live storage capacity of
existing reservoir is 34.346 TMC. Water will be pumped to the proposed upper reservoir
through TRC.
The proposed upper Saundatti IREP reservoir is located at EL 699.00m and the FRL and
MDDL of this reservoir is at EL 793.00m & 760.00m respectively. The live storage of the
proposed reservoir is kept for 1.01 TMC. A tail race channel of approx. 1930m will
discharge the flows in to existing Renuka Sagar reservoir after power generation.
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6.4 Operation of Pumped Storage Project
The Saundatti IREP is proposed with Storage Capacity of 10080 MWH with Rating of
1260 MW. This project is comprising of 4 units of 252 MW each and 2 units of 126 MW
each. The Project will generate 1260 MW by utilizing a design discharge of 984.03 Cumec
and rated head of 147.99m. The Saundatti IREP will utilize 1366 MW to pump 1.0 TMC of
water to the upper reservoir in 9.92hours.
The Key parameters of Pumped Storage Operation are as follows:

2 Rating MW 1260
5 Total Design Discharge Cumec 984.03
6 Design Discharge per unit – for 252 MW Cumec 196.80
7 Design Discharge per unit – for 126 MW Cumec 98.40
10 Generation Duration Hrs. 8.00
11 Annual Energy Generation Mu 3525
12 Pumping Head m 156.39
The volume of water required for turbine mode of operation is equated to the pumped
mode. Annual energy generation by Saundatti IREP in Turbine mode is 3525 MU and
Annual energy consumption by Saundatti IREP in Pumping mode is 4699 MU.
6.5 Operating Head
The energy computations have been carried out based on headwater/full reservoir level
(HWL/FRL), tail race water level conditions, efficiency of the turbo-generator and the
minimum and maximum load. Full reservoir level at Saundatti IREP reservoir is at
EL+793.00 m and MDDL is at EL+760.00m. Normal tail water level corresponding to
above design discharge at Tail Pool is EL +623.43m. The bed level of the tail race
Channel is kept at EL + 617.93 m.
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CHAPTER – 7
DESIGN FEATURES OF MAJOR COMPONENTS
7.0 Introduction
The Saundatti IREP is located in Belagavi district of Karnataka. It envisages creation of a

reservoir in natural depression of karlakatti forest area near Karlakatti village which comes
under Yekkaundi Grama Panchayat, Saundatti Taluk about 80 Kms from Belagavi. It
originates Chorla ghats which is a part of Western Ghats in Karnataka and also flows
through Dharwad district. It merges with Krishna river, at Kudala Sangama in Bagalkot
district, Karnataka state. The Malaprabha river flows first in east direction and then north-
west, for almost 300 km and then it merges with Krishna river, at Kudala Sangama in
Bagalkot district, Karnataka state. Merging of these two rivers is done at height of 488
meters from sea level. The Bennihalla, Tuparihalla and Hirehalla are the main tributaries of
the Malaprabha river. All these rivers originate in district Dharwad.
The scheme will involve construction of 96m high Dam for creation of Saundatti IREP
reservoir with gross storage capacity of 1.75TMC, and the Standalone Pumped Storage
Component of Saundatti IREP is proposed in between two reservoirs i.e. Saundatti IREP
Reservoir as Upper reservoir (to be constructed newly) and Renuka Sagar Reservoir as
Lower reservoir (existing). Water will be let out from the Saundatti IREP reservoir through
Power Intake and Head race tunnel of 833m long to feed the Saundatti IREP, having an
Storage Capacity of 10080 MWH with Rating of 1260 MW. This project is comprising 4
units of 252 MW each and 2 units of 126 MW each. The water after power generation will
be conveyed through a 1.93km long Tail Race Channel to discharge water in to Lower
reservoir of existing Renuka Sagar reservoir. General Layout of the proposed scheme is
enclosed in the drawing AA/PSP/POWER/2153/001.
The Key parameters of the proposed Upper Saundatti IREP Reservoir are as follows:

1 Top of Bund m EL 795.00
2 Full Reservoir Level (FRL) m EL +793.00
3 Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) m EL +760.00
7 Deepest Foundation Level (m) m EL +699.00
8 Height of Dam from Deepest foundation level m 96.00
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The Key parameters of the Existing Renuka Sagar Lower Reservoir are as follows:

1 Catchment Area Sq. Km 2176
2 Design Flood Discharge Cum 5239
8 Length of Dam m 154.53
9 Height of Dam m 40.23
7.1 Intake Structure
The intake structure of Saundatti IREP will be constructed on the right side of Saundatti
IREP reservoir. The Intake structure will have 2 vents each of will be fitted with a
semicircular reinforced concrete trash rack structure to avoid entry of floating material and
debris. Hence the floating debris will not enter the Head Race Tunnel. There is a provision
of service gate and Stop log gate with vent size 8.0m x 12.5m. The total design discharge
for the HRT is 984.03 Cumec.
The centre line of the head race tunnel emerging from the trash rack is EL +745.26m and
the trash rack is proposed to rest on rock at around EL +735.77m. Radius of the trash rack
is 14.60 m.
7.2 Head Race Tunnel
A modified horse shoe shaped head race tunnel of 12.0 m diameter and 833m length up to
the surge shaft is designed to carry a discharge of 984.03 cumecs. The tunnel alignment
has been fixed with adequate rock cover. This tunnel will also be provided with suitable
rock support system depending upon the geological strata formations enroot. Apart from
the rock support system, the headrace tunnel will be provided with 720 mm thick cement
concrete lining to reduce the head loss due to friction.
7.3 Surge Shaft
To take care of pressure rise in case of sudden load rejection and to meet the sudden
demand of water in case of sudden load acceptance, two nos. of Surge Shaft of 30 m dia
with 5m dia orifice with top elevation at EL +813.50m have been provided at the tail-end
of headrace tunnels. The surge shaft is also provided with gates for the penstocks.
During preparation of detailed report transient studies for finalization of dimensions of

Surge Shaft needs to be carried out. The Surge shaft is provided with adequate rock
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support system and a reinforced concrete lining of 500 mm thickness up to the top.
7.4 Penstock Tunnel / Pressure Shaft
Four independent pressure shaft / penstock tunnels of 7.50 m diameter are proposed to
provide supply of water to feed four units of 252 MW. One penstock of 7.50m dia
bifurcated into 2 will feed 2 units of 126 MW. The length of the penstocks up to
powerhouse location shall be 730m. Flow through the penstocks shall be controlled through
the gates provided at the surge shaft during maintenance. Flow from each of these
penstocks to turbines shall be controlled by a butterfly valve (MIV) in the power house.
Economical dia. of the pressure shaft has been worked out by cost optimization studies for
various diameters. Accordingly, a diameter of 7.50m has been adopted to carry the design
discharge of 196.80 Cumec for each unit.
7.5 Power House
The Power house for pumped storage plant is proposed near to upper reservoir. The
project envisages the utilization of the Rated head of 147.99 m. The Pumped storage plant
comprises of 6 units. The Key parameters of Pumped Storage Operation are as follows:
2 Rating MW 1260
8 Total Design Discharge Cum 984.03
10 Generation Duration Hrs. 8.00
12 Annual Energy Generation Mu 3525
15 Pumping Head m 156.39
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Pumping operation is proposed at 9.92 hours/day. No Pumping operation is envisaged in

the monsoon. Each day turbine volume is equal to the Pumped volume.
Turbine operation is proposed at 8.00 Hours/day during morning peaking and evening
peaking hours. During monsoon period, pumped storage project can operate in turbine
mode to maximize the energy generation for any surplus flows.
Two alternative types of powerhouse viz., surface and underground types have been
studied. Considering the topography of the proposed location, surface power house is
provided. As the proposed power house involves little deeper excavation, intricate
supporting arrangements for the cut slopes involving anchors etc., are provided. The
control room is proposed in the downstream of machine hall above the Draft tubes.
However, a detailed study can be carried out for selection of location and type of power
house at the time of preparation of DPR.
7.6 Machine Hall
The internal dimensions of power house have been proposed with length 200m and width
25.00m including service bay. The units have been kept at about 26.00m spacing while
the erection bay have been proposed as 30m long. For housing control room and various
auxiliaries/offices, 4 nos. floor have been proposed on the D/s side of Power house over
the draft tube. The main inlet valve is proposed to be housed in power house just u/s of
turbine. 2 Nos EOT crane of 450/60 tones capacity has been proposed in erection bay and
unit bay to facilitate erection and repair of heavy equipment including main inlet valves.
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7.7 Muck Disposal
By constructing tunnels and Power house complex, Surge chamber, TRC etc. the quantity
of muck to be generated is estimated to be about 72.15 lakh Cum. It is expected that
about 53.30 lakh Cum of this will be used for making aggregates and construction of roads
etc. The rest will require to be disposed off in a planned manner. This is the most
important aspect to be dealt with. It is proposed to dump about 10.00 Lakh Cum of muck
in the reservoir bed as there is no water course is existing and the remaining quantity of
muck is proposed to dump in 2 different locations of dumping sites and they are to be
identified at suitable places. Retaining walls will be constructed for retaining the muck.
After the filling is done, rehabilitation of this site will be done to ensure that neither it flows
in to the water stream nor it poses any other environmental threat. Plantation, wherever
possible, will also be done on these sites so that these get stabilized over a period of time
and do not pose any environmental problem. Detailed analysis of the muck disposal
mechanism is provided in EIA&EMP Report.
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CHAPTER – 8
ELECTRO - MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS
8.1 Electro-Mechanical Equipments
The Electro-Mechanical equipment required for the proposed Hydel scheme comprises of
the following:
 Butterfly Valve for each Turbine.
 Turbine/Pump and its auxiliaries like lubricating oil system, Governor and its oil
pressure unit, Grease lubrication system and cooling water system etc.
 Generator/Motor and its auxiliaries like Excitation & Automatic Voltage Regulation
system, SFC, Cooling system, Electrical and mechanical Brakes, PLC and Automation
arrangement etc.,
 Control, Protection, metering, measurement and annunciation panels for Turbine,

generators, and 400KV feeders.
 Bus duct shall be provided for connecting generator to the generating transformer,
UAT, LAVT, NGT etc., for trouble free reliable operation.
 Generator Transformers with OFF Load tap changer along with control and protective
gear and breakers etc.
 One no. 420KV Gas Insulated switch-gear (GIS) unit with bus sectionalize is proposed
for connecting to two different sources.
 Auxiliary Power supply system consisting of unit auxiliary transformers, station

auxiliary transformer, D.G Set for alternative emergency supply and station/ unit
auxiliary boards for station auxiliaries, unit auxiliaries.
 Control supply system consisting of station battery, charger and its distribution system.
 The station auxiliaries like EOT crane, D.T crane, Air Compressor system, Dewatering
and Drainage system, firefighting equipment, Air conditioning, Ventilation system,
Public addressing system and illumination system.
 Power evacuation system consists of transmission line, protection/ metering

equipment, CT's, PT's, LA's along with its supporting structures and Receiving end
equipment including bay extension at the other end.
A brief description of the Electro-Mechanical equipment is as follows.
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8.2 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT:
The Mechanical equipment consists of Turbine, Main Inlet Valve, Governor, instrumentation
& control system, oil pumping, cooling water, Drainage, Dewatering system, crane etc.
8.2.1 Butter Fly Valve:
Each Turbine is provided with a Butterfly valve to act as a main inlet valve in order to
achieve quick closing to cut off the water supply for the Turbine in the event of any
machine tripping on a lock out fault. The Butter fly valve will be of plain door type with
rubber seals designed to open under unbalanced conditions and close against full flow in
emergency. The Butter fly valve shall be normally opened and closed by hydraulic system
and also have backup closing system with dead weight for closing during emergency.
Hydraulic operated Bypass valve is provided across the Butterfly valve for smooth operation
with pressure balance condition.
i) Size and Body:
The Size of the Butter fly valve proposed is 6000mm. It shall be fabricated from steel
plates and provided with PTFE/Grease lubricated bronze bushes for bearings and cup
seals for trunions and stainless steel sealing ring for the main seal.
ii) Door:
It shall have plane door fabricated from steel plates. The valve door shall have
peripheral sealing ring of solid rubber.
iii) Sealing Device:
The valve will be provided with adequately reinforced rubber sealing held in position by
means of removable sealing ring fixed by rust less screws against stainless steel ring
secured to the valve body.
iv) Dismantling Joint:
The Joint shall be of Telescopic type and located on downstream of valve facilitating
dismantling of valve during maintenance.
v) Lever:
A lever will be provided to the trunnion and a dead weight will be mounted on other
end.
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vi) Servo Motor:
Servo Motor of double acting type comprising of fabricated steel cylinder with covers,
piston and pressure oil system will be provided in a complete shape.
8.2.2 Turbine/Pump:
The machines have four running modes namely
 "generate"
 "spin generate"
 "spin pump"
 "pump"
Involving two directions of rotations and power flow. The shutdown condition can be
treated as a further mode. The diversity of the control requirements is therefore much
greater. In the first two modes of operation, a machine rotates in the turbines (as opposed
to pump) direction, that is clockwise when viewed from above. It can generate at any load
(generate) or having been started in the "generate mode" can have its load reduced and
water level in the pump/turbine runner chamber and the draft tube lowered by compressed
air, thus leaving the machine spinning as a synchronous compensator with its runner in air.
In the second operation (two modes), the direction of rotation is reversed. The set is run
as a motor with a SFC controller, the water level in the pump turbine having lowered.
When the machine is synchronizing it can remain running as a synchronous compensator
(spin pump) or water can be admitted to the pump/turbine and pumping carried out at a
fixed guide vane setting (pump).
Final Design:
The final design of the Turbine components would be carried out by means of Model Test
results of Turbine.
8.2.3 Materials and Construction Features of Turbine:
Runner:
The turbine runner will be integrally cast / welded in stainless steel material having 13%
chromium and 4% nickel and properly stress relieved. The runner will have suitable no. Of
vanes polished and ground smooth and will be mounted on the turbine shaft. Adequate
number of relief holes will be provided in the runner for the water past runner crown seal.
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Guide Vanes:
Guide vanes will be of cast stainless steel material conforming to 13% chromium and 4%
nickel and finished smooth. Guide vane operating mechanism will be of forged or fabricated
steel. Each guide vane will be supported in grease or self lubricated bearings. Synthetic
rubber seals will be provided to prevent leakage of water. The guide vanes will be operated
by guide vane servomotor for which the pressurized oil will be supplied from the pressure
oil system. The control of guide vane opening will be through the governor.
Guide Vane Operating Mechanism:
Guide vane operating mechanism will consist of levers, friction coupling / shear pins, links,
servomotor connecting rods, guide vane, regulating ring etc. The mechanism will be
designed and constructed to withstand stresses due to servomotor and wear and tear.
Turbine/pump Shaft:
A turbine/pump shaft will be provided for mounting the turbine runner. The material of
turbine/pump shaft will be of carbon steel forging conforming to BS 29 or ASTM A 668
Class D.
The shaft will have adequate diameter to operate safely in combination with generator. The
turbine shaft will be connected directly to the generator shaft by means of a suitable
coupling.
Shaft Sleeves:
The shaft will be provided with renewable stainless steel sleeve. The sleeve will be of split
construction and securely fastened to the turbine shaft.
Shaft Seal:
The shaft seal will be provided to prevent leakage of water through the gap between the
shaft and turbine cover. The shaft seal will be of labyrinth type seal with white metal lining.
Thrust and Guide Bearing:
The Thrust and Guide Bearing will be of the self contained, oil lubricated pedestal type,
water cooled. The bearing assembly will consist of Vertical tilting pad thrust and journal
bearing. The journal pads will be lined with tin base white metal. The bearing
accommodates the thrust pads below the thrust collar to carry thrust load. As the bearing
is self lubricated / oil bath type, no external lubrication system required.
Stay Ring Assembly:
The stay ring assembly will be made of fabricated steel plate conforming to IS - 2062 Gr.
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‘B’. The stay ring assembly will have set of streamlined stay vanes to guide the water flow.
Spiral Casing:
Spiral casing will be of welded construction fabricated from steel plates conforming to
IS -2062 Gr. ‘B’ designed to withstand the maximum operating pressure including water
hammer. The stay ring assembly will be welded to the spiral casing. The spiral casing will
be anchored in concrete. The upstream flanged end of spiral casing will be bolted to the
dismantling joint of turbine inlet BF valve.
Draft Tube:
The draft tube will be made of fabricated steel plates conforming to IS – 2062 Gr. - ‘B’.
Draft tube will be fabricated in 2 or 3 parts namely draft tube cone and draft tube liner
etc., and will be heavily reinforced by ribs and anchored in the concrete.
Oil Pumping Unit:
The oil pumping unit will be provided for supply of pressurized oil for the following:
a) Guide vane Servomotor
b) Turbine inlet butterfly valve
For regulation of flow through guide vanes, the pressurized oil will be supplied through
servo valve, which will receive an electronic signal from governor. The oil-pumping unit will
be provided with two pumps (one main and one standby) with auto-changeover facility
along with other required accessories. For ensuring availability of stored pressurized oil,
adequate capacity of nitrogen bladder type accumulators will be provided which is a
modern practice and this will avoid compressed air system with air receiver, pressure oil
receiver etc., for the governor pressure oil system. The pressure oil system will be provided
with necessary instrumentation and control system for the safe and reliable operation of
the units.
OPU system for the inlet valve and for Governing system shall be separate and of adequate
capacity. i.e, two complete operations could be carried out with absence of power supply.
Two electrical pumps shall be operated in Main and standby pump will operate at level – 2
pressure drop.
Governing System:
The turbine will be controlled by an electronic governor. The system will be so designed
that the main functions of speed control, power control are handled as a separate program
parts and shall be programmed to suit Francis turbine having adjustable guide vanes.
Governor shall also support RGMO mode of operation as per clause 5.2(f) of the Indian
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Electricity Grid Code with latest amendments.
Cooling Water System:
Water required for cooling and shaft sealing of the machine will be taken from the Tail race
and supplied to various coolers such as turbine bearing coolers, generator bearing oil
coolers, governor oil cooler, stator air coolers and turbine shaft seal etc. through booster
pumps and suitable duplex strainers as required. The cooling water system will be provided
with necessary instrumentation such as flow switches, differential pressure switches and
transmitters across the strainers and pressure switches etc., for safe and reliable operation
of the units.
Considering site ambient condition option for Chilled water to be considered during detailed
engineering for cooling water system. Type of cooling water system i.e. whether Common
or individual shall be decided during detailed engineering.
8.2.4 Auxiliary systems:
I) Air Conditioning System:
Chiller units of adequate capacity shall be provided for air-conditioning of the

important areas of the plant. Chiller units are to be placed in transformer cavern.
Detailed design of same shall be done at DPR stage.
II) Ventilation System:
Adequate ventilation tunnels have been proposed in this report for the underground
system, consists of Transformer cavern, Power house and other areas. Air Handling
units are to be placed in transformer cavern. Detailed design of same shall be done at
DPR stage.
III) Crane and Hoists:
Two nos EOT cranes of 450/60 Tons capacity each will be installed in the power
house building for handling equipment during erection and maintenance. For
handling of intake and draft tube gates suitable electrically operated hoisting
mechanism will be provided individually. Tandem operation of two EOT cranes shall
be provided.
IV) Dewatering and Drainage System:
For Dewatering of turbine casing water up to the Tail race gate, Six (6) numbers of
submersible pumps each of capacity 500 m3/hr will be provided. The Dewatering
sump will be located in the station floor and a pipe from the Tail race will be
embedded and connected to the Dewatering sump. An isolation valve will be provided
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in this pipe which will be opened during Dewatering. The discharge from the pumps
will be taken above the maximum flood level. The discharge line will be provided with
necessary isolation valves and piping. Necessary level switches will be provided in the
Dewatering sump to facilitate auto start / stop of the pumps.
To remove drain water collected in the drainage sump located in the BF valve pit /
Station floor, Six (6) numbers of sump pumps each of capacity 400 m3/hr will be
installed with necessary piping and valves. The discharge from the pumps will be
taken above the maximum flood level. The discharge line will be provided with
necessary isolation valves and piping. Necessary level switches will be provided in the
drainage sump to facilitate auto start/stop of the pumps.
V) Fire Protection System:
The proposed fire protection system shall be designed to provide adequate safety
measures in the area susceptible to fire in the power station. TAC classifies hydel
power generating stations as “Light hazard Occupancy” and hence the system shall
be designed accordingly. This system is designed as per applicable requirements of
NFPA 850 (recommended practice for Fire Protection for Hydroelectric Generating
Plants).
Fire protection system design and drawings enclosed.
VI) Air Compressor System
Suitable Tank mounted air compressor system to meet the station requirements such
as for brakes, cleaning etc. is provided
8.3 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT:
The Electrical scheme showing the major system, such as the Generator and its
connections to 420KV GIS switchgear for Power evacuation to near by substations, 18 KV
Switchgear and 415V Auxiliary Power distribution.
8.3.1 Generator/Motor:
The synchronous generator/Motor will be 252/274 MW (4 Nos.), & 126/135 MW (2No’s),

18KV, 3 phase with 0.9 PF (lag), 50Hz with Static type excitation system, suitable for
parallel operation with the grid. The generator winding will be of Class F insulation with
temperature rise limited to Class B and will be star connected. The generator neutral (star
point) will be grounded through suitably rated grounding/ distribution Transformer with
loading resistor connected to secondary side to restrict earth fault current to a safe limit.
Six terminals of the generator, 3 on the phase side and 3 on the neutral side will be
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brought out for external connection. The short circuit ratio of the generator shall be greater
than 1 for better stability on faults.
I) Generator Stator:
The stator frame makes up part of the stator segments and is assembled together
with the core and coil. The stator winding is insulated with epoxy resin.
II) Generator Rotor:
The rotor comprises of a welded steel rotor center (outside serves as a yoke) and
magnetic poles bolted on the periphery.
III) Excitation System:
The excitation system will be of static type system. This is also one of the most
popular and very fast response excitation system for large synchronous machines.
The excitation voltage is controlled by (silicon Controlled Rectifier – SCR). The voltage
is supplied by a pair of brushes and slip rings. The ceiling voltage of the excitation
system will be at least 150% to 200% of the normal field voltage and response ratio
will be about 2.0.
Static excitation system consists of mainly following parts -
a) Rectifier Transformer.
b) Thyristor Rectifier Banks.
c) Excitation start up and field discharge equipment.
d) Regulator and operation control circuit.
Excitation system will have both auto mode and manual mode.
IV) Brakes:
Generator will be provided with both Electrical braking and mechanical braking to
bring the rotor parts of the generator and turbine to stop from 80% of rated speed
with electrical braking and mechanical brakes applied at 15% of rated speed during
normal operation. The brakes will also be suitable for application at higher speed
during emergency shutdown of the unit, in order to bring the rotor to rest at faster
rate. The brakes will operate automatically/ manually from local control panel/ unit
control board.
VI) Neutral grounding cubicle
Neutral grounding cubicle consists of current transformers for protection, 3 phase star
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formation, Grounding transformer with resistor connected to the secondary of
transformer, earth isolation switch with pad lock arrangement.
8.3.2 18KV LAVT Cubicle:
The power generated will be fed to 18KV side of the each transformer through respective
Lightning Protection Voltage Transformer (LAVT) cubicle, CT’s and neutral terminals are
connected to Neutral grounding cubicle by means of Bus Duct. The auxiliary loads of the
respective Units will be fed from Unit Auxiliary Transformers. These transformers shall be
connected to the 18KV LAVT Cubicle.
The main electrical parameters of the switchgear will be:
a) Rated voltage - 18KV
b) Rated short circuit current - 120kArms & 75kArms for 3 sec
c) Rated current of bus bars - 10,000 A & 5500 A
LAVT Cubicle will consist of Lightning Protection equipment and voltage transformers. The
Lightning Protection equipment would comprise of lightning arresters with suitable
discharge characteristics to suit the Generator insulation level in parallel with suitably rated
capacitor for smoothening the rate of rise of impulse voltage.
The LAVT cubicle will be connected by means of Bus Duct to Generator and to the
Generator transformer. The Voltage transformer will be single phase, star connected, dry
type units with draw out features. Current transformers for protection metering on line side
of the Generator were provided in this cubicle.
8.3.3 Step-up Transformers:
Power generated at 18kV will be stepped up to 400KV by means of 4 nos 3-Ph 325MVA & 2
Nos 3-Ph 150MVA 18/400KV oil filled transformers. These Step-up transformers will be
installed at outdoor. Capacity of the transformers arrived based on the Power Factor 0.9.
The main electrical parameters of each transformer will be:
(a) Voltage ratio - 18KV/400KV, 3 phase, 50 Hz
(b) Rating - 325 MVA and 150MVA
(c) Cooling Method - OFWF (Oil Forced and Water Forced)
(d) 18KV connection - Delta
(e) 400KV connection - Star with neutral solidly earthed.
(f) OFF load tap changer - In the range of +/-10.0% in step of 2.5%
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as per IS 10028 (part – I)
The 18KV terminals (Primary) will be suitable for Bus Duct connection and 400KV terminals
for connection to GIS.
8.3.4 420KV GIS (1 No.):
One no. 420KV Gas Insulated switch-gear (GIS) units are proposed. Each GIS unit is
connected on the secondary side of 3-phase transformer each.
Standards
The system and equipment shall be designed to the latest revisions of the following
applicable standards. In the event of other standards being applicable they will be
compared for specific requirement and specifically approved during detailed engineering for
the purpose:
Sl. Standards Description

No.
1 IEC 62271(All Parts) “High voltage switchgear and control gear”,
2 IEEE C37.122-1993 IEEE Standard for Gas-Insulated Substations (GIS)
3 IEEE C37.123-1996 IEEE Guide to specifications for Gas- Insulated,

Electric Power Substation Equipment
4 IEC 60694 1996 Edition Common Clauses for high-voltage switchgear and
control gear standards
5 IEC 60376 – 2005 Edition Specification of technical grade sulphur hexafluoride

(SF6) for use in electrical equipment
Arrangement and assembly
The arrangement shall be single-phase enclosed. The assembly shall consist of completely
separate pressurized sections designed to minimize the risk of damage to personnel or
adjacent sections in the event of a failure occurring within the equipment. Rupture
diaphragms shall be provided to prevent the enclosures from uncontrolled bursting and
suitable deflectors provide protection for the operating personnel. In order to achieve
maximum operating reliability, no internal relief devices shall be installed because adjacent
compartments would be affected. Modular design, complete segregation, arc-proof
bushings and “plug-in” connection pieces shall allow ready removal of any section.
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8.3.5 400KV Outdoor Connection:
Four incomers of 1CX1000Sqmm XLPE Cu cables from 420KV GIS will be connected to
overhead 400KV D/C moose transmission lines separately.
8.3.6 Station & Unit Auxiliary Power Supply arrangement:
I) Reactor Transformers
2No’s of 80MVA, 400kV reactor transformer to compensate the reactive power

requirement when running the units in pumping mode will be installed in the
transformer cavern. Based on the manufacturer design, this may change to unit wise
in 18kV level.
I) Station Transformers
HT station power will be derived by providing 1 no 20/25.0 MVA, 400/18KV Station

Transformer through 3 nos 35MVA & 2 nos 20MVA 18/18KV SFC (Static Frequency
Converter) Transformers. These transformers will be connected to their respective
18kV bus through SFC Equipments, Starter Panel and necessary switchgear.
II) SFC Equipments:
The static frequency converter is a modular multilevel direct converter for fixed
machines and AC excitation for variable machines. SFC system is referred to as self-
controlled synchronous motor. The thyristor converter is used to convert DC power to
AC power with variable frequency in order to perform the varying frequency
governing of synchronous motor. Different from the varying frequency governing of
ordinary asynchronous and synchronous motor, the output frequency of self-
controlled synchronous motor is controlled by synchronous motor rotor position. Each
time the motor rotates passing a pair of magnetic poles, the converter AC output will
change by one cycle accordingly, ensuring the synchronization between converter
output frequency and motor rotation speed throughout the whole operation period.
The SFC system consists of thyristor rectifier, reactor, thyristor inverter and controller.
The controller adjusts DC voltage output according to its operating conditions,
controls the inverter to supply AC current with varying frequency to the stator of
synchronous motor according to the rotor position, regulates the excitation equipment
to provide DC current to the rotor of synchronous motor, and drags the motor
rotation speed to the required value. According to different inverter control modes,
the SFC working stages are divided into pulse commutation stage and load
commutation stage.
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SFC is mainly used for the startup of pumped storage power plant, gas turbine unit,
and large synchronous motor. So far, it has been applied to most of large pumped
storage power generation units and gas turbine power generation units.
III) Station Auxiliary Transformers
415V station power will be derived by providing 2 nos 2.5 MVA, 18KV/415V Station
Transformers. These transformers will be connected to the 18kV HT bus of 2 station
transformers separately through necessary switchgear. The output at 415V is fed to
the Station Board through incomer breakers. The Station Board feeds the auxiliary
loads of the power plant which includes startup loads of units through Unit auxiliary
boards, Dewatering pumps, drainage pumps, crane, air conditioning, ventilation,
lighting load etc.
(a) Voltage ratio - 18KV/415V, 3 phase, 50 Hz
(b) Rating - 2 Nos. of 2.5 MVA
(c) Type - Dry Type (CRT)
(d) Primary connection - Delta
(e) Secondary connection - Star with neutral solidly

earthed.
(f) Off circuit Tap Changer (OCTC) - +/- 5% in step of 2.5%
IV) 415V Switchgear:
Station Auxiliary Board (SAB)
Station Auxiliary transformers will be connected to a separate bus section of 415V

auxiliary switchgear.
The 415V auxiliary switchgear will feed the entire unit and station loads. The
switchgear will be equipped with the following.
(a) Two nos ACB controlled incomer feeders from Station auxiliary transformers.
(b) ACB controlled Outgoing feeders to Unit auxiliary boards
(c) Outgoing feeders to battery chargers / lighting panels with MCCB.
(d) Motor feeders fitted with MPCB, DOL / Star- Delta Starter, thermal overload
relays etc., are of draw out type
(e) The switchgear will be provided with the necessary current transformers,
indicating instruments, relays, lamps, push buttons etc,
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a) Rated Voltage – 415V
b) Rated short circuit breaking current 50kA for One Second
c) Rated bus bar current – 2500A
Unit Auxiliary Transformers
415 V Unit auxillary power will be derived by providing 6 nos 1.25 MVA, 13.8KV/415V
Unit auxillary transformers. These transformers will be connected to the 13.8KV
switchgear of each generator. The auxillary transformers will feed the unit auxillary
loads through an unit auxillary board by means of suitably rated cables. The auxillary
loads of unit includes governor oil pumps, cooling water pumps etc. The transformer
will be in service after the generator kept on grid and feeds the loads uninterruptedly.
(a) Voltage ratio - 13.8KV/415V, 3 phase, 50 Hz
(b) Rating - 1.25 MVA
(c) Type - Dry Type (CRT)
(d) Primary connection - Delta
(e) Secondary connection - Star with neutral solidly

earthed.
(f) Off circuit Tap Changer (OCTC) - - 5% to +5% in step of 2.5%

suitable for bi-directional power flow.
Unit Auxiliary Boards
The Unit Auxiliary transformer will be connected to a separate bus section of 415V
auxiliary switchgear of unit auxiliary Board. The Unit Auxiliary board will feed the
entire unit loads of each Turbine-Generator. The switchgear will be equipped with the
following.
1. ACB controlled incomer feeder from Station auxiliary Board.
2. ACB controlled incomer feeder from Unit auxiliary Transformer
3. Outgoing feeders with MCCB.
4. Motor feeders fitted with MPCB, DOL / Star- Delta Starter, thermal overload
relays etc., are of draw out type
5. The switchgear will be provided with the necessary current transformers,

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indicating instruments, relays, lamps, push buttons etc,
a) Rated Voltage – 415V
b) Rated short circuit breaking current – 50kA for One Second
c) Rated bus bar current – 2000 A
V) Power Station Auxiliary Services:
The various services in the power plant will be supplied at the following nominal
voltages depending upon their ratings and function:
a) Motors - 415V, 3 phase AC supply
b) Lighting and space heaters - 230V, 1 phase AC supply
c) Power receptacles - 415V, 3 phase AC supply
d) Control circuits - 110V, 1 phase grounded AC supply for

AC control circuits.
- 220V ungrounded DC supply for

control, indication and Instrumentation
& Control system.
8.3.7 Emergency Power System:
I) Diesel Generator Set:
One numbers of 1.0 MVA, 415V, 3 phase Diesel Generator set will be provided to
meet the requirement of power supply during construction. This DG set will meet the
requirement of power supply for emergency lighting and maintenance purposes
during AC power failure like operation of crane, operation of drainage and Dewatering
pumps, ventilation system etc. The DG set will consist of a Diesel engine with engine
mounted accessories, an Alternator rated for 1.0 MVA, 415V, 3 phase, 50 Hz with
exhaust system, fuel oil system, filters, piping, valves and fittings, etc.
II) Direct Current Supply System:
The DC system is the most reliable source of supply in the power station and will be
used for the control and protection of power plant equipment. The DC system will be
used for the following:
(a) Electrical control of equipment and indications / annunciations on the control

panel.
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(b) Emergency D.C lighting in case of total AC power failure
(c) The station battery will be sized to cater to the following type of loads:
i) Momentary load for 1 minute.
ii) Emergency load for 2 hours.
iii) Continuous load for 10 hours.
Four sets of 220 V, 400 AH (tentative) battery bank with four nos. float and float cum
boost charger and DC distribution board will meet the DC loads. The batteries will be Lead
Acid type only either Tubular or plante type, complete with racks, porcelain insulators, inter
cell and inter-tier connectors. The chargers will be of silicon rectifier type with automatic
voltage control and load limiting features. Under normal conditions, the battery will be on
float charge. The float charger is connected to a distribution board and meets the
requirements of DC load. In case of additional demand of load or AC supply failure, the
battery will meet the requirements of DC loads. The boost charger will be designed to
charge the fully discharged battery in 10 hours before putting it back on float charge.
8.3.8 Control, Instrumentation & Protection Systems:
I) Turbine-Generator/Pump-Motor Control Board:
There shall be one control panel each for the Turbine and the Generator fabricated
out of 2 mm thick mild steel. It shall be freestanding type with single front design.
The control panel shall be mounted on anti vibration pads. The panel shall be
applied with synthetic enamel paint on antirust primer after sand blasting and acid
picking.
Each Turbine-Generator control cubicle shall contain the following:
Measuring & Indicating instruments comprising of the following:
 MDM Meters (On HV and LV side) - 2 Nos.
 Voltmeter with selector switch - 1 No.
 Ammeter with selector switch - 1 No.
 Megawatt meter - 1 No.
 Megavar meter - 1 No.
 Power factor - 1 No.
 Frequency meter - 1 No.
 Speed indicator - 1 No.

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 Temperature recorder of paper less type-60 points - 1 No.
 Energy meter – 0.2s class - 1 Set
(One main and check meters on the HT side of the GT
One meter on the LT side of the GT
One meter on the 11 KV tap off of the generator bus.
One main and check meters on the HT side of the ST.
One main and check meters on the 400KV feeder.)
 Indicating lamps for ON/OFF/ Trip - 1 set
 Controls comprising of the following:
 Start control switch with relays - 1 set
 Stop control switch with relay - 1 set
 Alarm annunciator - I set
 Master protection relays -1 set
 D.C. Failure
 Synchronizing scheme with auto synchronizer - 1 set
 One set of acknowledge, reset and test push button
 One hooter and blinking relay.
 Programmable logic controller (PLC) - 1 set
The control system shall be with manual controls with interlocks to facilitate the operation
of Unit in case of failure of Automation system with programmable logic controller.
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) System:
It is proposed to provide a programmable logic controller for the following functions:
a) Start/Stop of the turbine and generator/pump in sequence control.
b) Monitoring, recording & trending of the temperature inputs from RTD's
c) Monitoring of the alarm inputs from the turbine and generator/pump protection
system.
d) Monitoring, recording & trending of all electrical and analog parameters through
suitable transducers
e) Man Machine interface unit

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The system shall be provided with redundant CPU and POWER SUPPLY and adequate
memory.
The system shall have self-checking and self-diagnostic features for all internal faults and
shall be capable of isolating the defective sub-system.
The system should be suitable for continuously operating without air conditioner in the
power plant environment with temperature upto 45°C and high humidity.
II) Local Instrumentation:
The following instruments shall be mounted locally:
(1) Flow transmitters to check flow of cooling and sealing water to the bearings,
Shaft Seal & Generator as required.
(2) DTT ‘s & RTD’s for Turbine & Generator bearing temperature.
(3) Oil pressure gauge, Pressure transmitter, pressure switches of the Oil pressure
unit, Level transmitters, gauges, and switches of bearing sumps, drainage
and dewatering pits etc.,
All necessary instruments required for safe and auto operation of the turbine-Generator are
provided.
III) Communication system:
a) Internal Telephone System: An Electronic telephone exchange is to be

provided in the powerhouse control room for Communication system between
different vulnerable locations of the project. It is also proposed to install a 10-line
exchange with subscribers at various important locations of the project for quick
communication of the information and instructions etc. Some of the typical locations
may be as follows:
a) Control room
b) Switchgear room
c) Turbine pit
d) Machine hall
e) Unloading/erection bay
f) Drainage/ dewatering motor starter panel
g) Transformer Cavern
h) Outdoor yard
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i) Staff quarters
j) Pump house
k) Security gates
b) External Communication: One Telephone connection shall be provided in the

power station from the local Department of Telecommunication network for external
communication.
c) Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC): 1No PLCC set is proposed. Power-
line communications systems operate by adding a modulated carrier signal to the
wiring system. Different types of power-line communications use different frequency
bands. Since the power distribution system was originally intended for transmission of
AC power at typical frequencies of 50Hz, power wire circuits have only a limited ability
to carry higher frequencies. The propagation problem is a limiting factor for each type
of power-line communications. PLCC panels shall be provided with protection couplers
for carrier inter tripping.
Data rates and distance limits vary widely over many power-line communication
standards. Low-frequency (about 100–200 kHz) carriers impressed on high-voltage
transmission lines may carry one or two analog voice circuits, or telemetry and control
circuits with an equivalent data rate of a few hundred bits per second; however, these
circuits may be many miles long. Higher data rates generally imply shorter ranges; a
local area network operating at millions of bits per second may only cover one floor of
an office building, but eliminates the need for installation of dedicated network
cabling.
RTU panel shall be provided for Data and speech communication with the state Load
Dispatch center. In addition with Data and Speech communications separate dedicated
channels shall be provided for protection along with protection couplers.
GPS time synchronization equipments are provided for all the relays, governors,
SCADA systems. For this purpose dual redundant gps antenna, dual redundant gps
receiver / master clock with comparator, slave clock, slave distribution amplifier, signal
conditioners, signal receiver, power supply unit equipments are used.
FEATURES:
1 Continuous UTC reference, +5.30 hours offset (IST)
2 IRIG B Time Code output
3 RS 232 & 485 serial port interface

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4 SNTP & NTP Ethernet Output
5 Pulse Output
6 BCD Output
7 DCF77 Output
8 Large size Time display
9 All weather water proof antenna
10 Synchronization software for Server /PC
11 Hot Redundant GPS / Master clock with comparator
12 Redundant power supply with Diode O-ring
13 Signal conditioner for various outputs
IV) Generator, Turbine, Auxiliary Transformer, Generator Transformer, 400KV

line Protection relay equipments:
Integrated Numerical protection relays will be provided in redundant for each Generator
and Generator transformer.
Generator protection
Redundant Generator numerical protection relays shall be of different make as per the
latest protection philosophy. Relays shall be IEC61850 complaint and shall have GPS time
synchronization provision in addition with Disturbance Reporting and Event logging
provisions.
The following protections will be provided for the generators:
1. Backup Impedance (21)
2. Over Excitation (24)
3. Under Voltage/ Over Voltage (27/59)
4. Reverse power (32)
5. Under Power (37)
6. Loss of Field/ excitation (40)
7. Negative phase sequence (46)
8. Thermal Over Loading (49)
9. Breaker Failure (50BF)
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10. Voltage Restrained Over current (51V)
11. PT fuse failure (60FL)
12. 100% Stator earth fault (64G)
13. Under/ Over frequency (81O/U)
14. Generator Differential (87G)
15. Annunciator (30)
16. Rotor Earth Fault (64F)
17. Master Trip relay (86G)
18. Trip Circuit Supervision (95)
19. Split phase based inter turn protection
20. Overall differential protection with 3 winding inputs (Generator, GT HV, and
Generator Tap off).
Turbine Protections
The following protections will be provided:
1. Over/ Under Speed (12/14)
2. Governor Failure Relay (33/63)
3. Bearing Temperature (38T)
4. Oil pressure Failure (96.2 OPU)
5. Oil levels
6. Shear pin
7. vibrations etc
Auxiliary Transformer Protections
The following protections will be provided:
1. Under Voltage (27)
2. Instantaneous O/C & E/F (50/50N)
3. IDMTO/C & E/F (51/51N)
4. Master Trip (86)
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Step-Up Generator Transformer Protections:
The following protections will be provided for step-up transformer:
1. Transformer Over Fluxing (49)
2. Instantaneous O/C & E/F (50/50N)
3. IDMT O/C & E/F (51/51N)
4. Transformer Differential (87GT)
5. Restricted earth fault (64Ref)
6. Annunciator (30)
7. Oil temperature, Alarm/Trip Aux (49OA/OT)
8. Winding temperature, Alarm/Trip Aux (49 WA/WT)
9. Buchholz/ Alarm/Trip Aux (63 A/T)
10. High Speed Tripping (Master) (86T)
11. Trip Circuit Supervision (95)
12. Low Oil Level Alarm (LOLA)
13. Oil Surge Trip (OSR-T)
14. Pressure Relief Device Trip Aux. (PRD-T)
15. Apparatus thermal device (26)
16. Liquid Switch (71)
400KV Line protections:
400KV feeder protection shall be redundant with numerical protection relays and shall be of
different make as per the latest protection philosophy. Relays shall be compatible to IEC
61850 Protocol. Disturbance Recorder evaluation cum event logger units shall be included.
The following protections will be provided for the lines:
 Impedance (21)
 Over/ under voltage (27/59)
 AC Directional over current (67/67N)
 Frequency (81)
 Master Trip (86)
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 Trip Circuit Supervision (95)
 AC Reclosing Relay / Auto Reclose (79)
 Instantaneous Overcurrent Relay (50)
 Phase Angle Measuring or Out-of-Step Protective Relay (78)
 Bus Differential (87B)
 Overvoltage Relay (59)
 400KV reactor protection
 400KV bus bar protection
 400KV cables protection
 Bus coupler protection
V) Safety Earthing & Lighting protection system:
Separate earthing grids will be provided for powerhouse and switchyard area and they will
be interconnected. The buried portion of the earth conductor will be of mild steel and
exposed earth conductors will be of galvanized steel. Required number of earthing pits will
be provided. The earthing grid will be designed to have a system resistance below 1 ohm.
Detailed Design and drawings enclosed.
A lightning protection system will be provided as per IS - 2309 and Indian Electricity Rules.
The protections will consist of roof conductors, air terminals and down conductors and will
be provided for outdoor Switch Yard.
VI) Fire detection and Alarm System:
Control rooms, switchgear rooms, battery rooms etc shall be provided with Analogue
Addressable Microprocessor based fire detection and alarm system. Multi-sensor detectors,
Heat detectors, Manual call points, Sounders etc shall be provided wherever required as
per IS – 2189.
8.3.9 Lighting System:
The power station lighting system will comprise the following:
I) Normal 230V AC Lighting System:
The lighting circuit in the normal 230V AC lighting system would be fed through
18/0.415KV, 3-phase, 4 wire transformer connected to 415V distribution system. Detailed
design enclosed.
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II) Direct Current Emergency Lighting system:
Direct current emergency lights would be provided at strategic points in the power station,
viz. Near entrances, staircases, the main control room, Turbine area, switchyard area etc.
These would be fed from the station 220V DC system and would be off when the normal
AC power supply is available. These would be automatically switched on when the normal
AC supply fails.
The proposed illumination levels for various areas are given below:-
AREA Illumination Level
Control Room 300 lux
Switchgear/MCC room 250-300 lux
TG building 260lux
Outlying areas 30-40 lux
Switch yard 25-35 lux
stores 100-150 lux
Battery Room 100 lux
Administration building and Office rooms 300 lux
Roads 20 lux
8.3.10 Cabling:
All cables will be selected to carry the full load current under site conditions, with
permissible voltage drop/dip. In addition, these cables will be rated for short circuit
capacity wherever required. The following types of cables will be used:
- Four nos 400kV XLPE 1C Copper Cables of 1000 Sqmm dia:
FEATURES: Copper conductor – stranded, Inner semi-conductive layer – firmly bonded

to the XLPE insulation, XLPE main insulation – cross-linked, Outer semi-conductive
layer – firmly bonded to the XLPE insulation, Copper wire screen with semi-conductive
swelling tapes as longitudinal water barrier, HDPE oversheath – halogen-free, as
mechanical protection, optionally: with semi-conductive and/or flame-retardant layer.
- For 18KV power cables – 18KV (UE) grade, stranded aluminum conductor, XLPE
insulated, extruded PVC Inner sheathed, armoured, extruded FRLS-PVC (Flame
retardant and low smoke – poly vinyl chloride) outer sheathed cables conforming to
IS-7098.
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- For low voltage power cables – 1100 V grade, stranded aluminum conductor,
extruded PVC insulated, extruded PVC inner sheathed, armoured, extruded FRLSPVC
outer sheathed cables conforming to IS-1554.
- Control and protection cables – 1100 V grade, annealed high conductivity copper
conductor, extruded PVC insulated, extruded PVC inner sheathed, armoured, and
extruded FRLS-PVC outer sheathed.
- Signal and supervisory cables – Annealed tinned copper conductor in stranded circular
construction, extruded PVC insulated, extruded PVC inner sheathed, armoured, and
extruded FRLS – PVC outer sheathed, in twisted pairs and screened.
- Cables will be laid in ladder type galvanized steel cable trays or in trenches.
8.4 Power Evacuation & Transmission Lines:
Two nos. 400 KV Moose Double circuit Transmission Lines of length 60 Kms shall be used
Supply of power during pumping mode. The Power required for pumping operation of the
plant shall also be drawn from the same circuit.
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CHAPTER – 9
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
9.0 Introduction
The Project is envisaged as a Pumped Storage Project being developed near existing
Renukasagar Reservoir. The Standalone Pumped Storage Component of Saundatti IREP is
located in Belagavi district of Karnataka. It envisages creation of a reservoir in natural
depression of karlakatti forest area near Karlakatti village, Yekkundi Gram Panchayat of
Saundatti Taluk about 80 Kms from Belagavi. This chapter broadly covers the impacts likely
to occur during construction and operation of the project.
9.1 Description of the Environment
9.1.1 Upper & Lower Reservoirs
The Standalong Pumped Storage Component of Saundatti IREP is proposed in between two
reservoirs i.e. Saundatti IREP Reservoir as Upper reservoir (to be constructed newly) and
the existing Renuka Sagar (Malaprabha) Reservoir as Lower reservoir. This scheme
envisages non-consumptive re-utilization of 1 TMC of water of the Renuka Sagar reservoir
by recirculation. The water in the Renuka Sagar reservoir (lower reservoir) will be pumped
up and stored in the proposed Saundatti IREP reservoir (upper Reservoir) and will be
utilized for power generation. The Geographical co - ordinates of the proposed Saundatti
IREP reservoir are at longitude 75° 00' 42.57" East and latitude is 15° 51' 36.83" North and
that of Renuka Sagar reservoir (existing) are15° 49' 17.15" N and 75° 05' 48.23" E.
9.1.2 Climate
Climate of Karnataka presents an exceptional diversity. While the hilly and plateau regions
demonstrate a different climatic behaviour, the plain presents comparatively a warmer
atmosphere. Due to this diversity in climate and weather of Karnataka, it has been divided
into 3 major parts:
Coastal Karnataka, which includes: Dakshina Kannada and Uttara Kannada districts.
North Interior Karnataka, which includes: Belagavi, Bidar, Bijapur, Dharwad, Gulbarga and
Raichur districts.
South Interior Karnataka, which includes: the remaining districts of Bengaluru Rural,
Bengaluru, Bellary, Chikmagalur, Chitradurga, Kodagu, Hassan, Kolar, Mysuru, Mandya,
Shimoga and Tumkur districts.
The most famous city of Karnataka is Bengaluru which is best known for its awesome
weather and panoramic views. Bengaluru is also known as ‘air-conditioned city’. During
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most of the time in year Bengaluru’s atmosphere remains pleasant, it’s douched with a nice
shower, which dissolves a unique jolliness in the air during summers and winters. The
coastal regions and highly elevated places reveal uniformity in day and night temperature.
Till now the highest recorded temperature is 45.60° C at Raichur in 1928 while the lowest
temperature of an individual station was recorded 2.80° C on December 16, 1918 in Bidar.
9.1.3 River System
The Malaprabha River is a tributary of the Krishna River and flows through the state of
Karnataka in India. It rises in the Western Ghats at an altitude of 792.4 m (2,600 ft) in the
state's Belgaum district. The river joins Krishna River at Kudalasangama in Bagalkot district.
Malaprabha River originates in the Sahyadri mountains at an altitude of 792.4 metres
(2,600 ft) at Kanakumbi village 16 km (9.9 mi) west of Jamboti village, Khanapur taluka,
Belgaum District, Karnataka. Malaprabha flows a distance of 304 km (189 mi) from
Kanakumbi-Khanapur-Soundatti (Malaprabha Dam)-Nargund-Pattadkal-Kudalasangam
before joining river Krishna at an altitude of 488 metres (1,601 ft) at Kudala Sangama in
Bagalkot district.
9.1.4 REAGIONAL GEOLOGY OF STUDY AREA
The complex geological formations can be observed in the Belagavi district. The Schist and
Banded Ferruginous Quartzite, the peninsular gneiss by Granite and Gneissic Granites, the
Kaladgi formations, Sandstone, Quartzite, Shale and Limestone and Dolomite, Basalt
(Deccan Trap) and the Laterite formations are observed in the district. The Geological
Succession of Belagavi District as follows:
Laterite, Sand deposits - Recent.
Deccan Basalt - Tertiary,
Sand Stone, Dolomite, Limestone - Kaladagi series,
Schist, Gneiss, Granite - Archean.
The Archaen Schist is an extension of the Dharawar schist belt. The formation is overlaid
by thick cover of shale, the thickness varying from 15 to 25m as observed in many villages
of Khanapur and Bailhongal, Belagavi talukas. In few places like, Marihal in Belagavi taluka,
Shivanur, Nichanaki villages of Bailhongal taluka, the shale cover extends up to 100 m. The
Schist encountered below shale cover is greyish in colour, exhibit well developed platy
structures. Individual plates can be easily separated. It is usually weathered up to 25-30 m.
It shows a general trend of NW 10-SW 10SE dipping due east. The Schist formation is
observed in Bailhongal, Khanapur, Belagavi and Saundatti talukas.
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Phyllite is a hard formation, resembling schist by its grey colour, having trend, dip etc
similar and occurring adjoining the schist. Joints and platy structures are poorly developed.
It is massive in nature, breaking in to irregular, angular fragments or irregular massive
boulders. It shows a trend of NNW-SSE, and occurs parallel to schist. Such formation
occupies limited extent in the Central part of Bailhongal taluka and Western parts of
Saundatti shallow weathering, and non-porous nature, seepage of water is limited to
shallow depth and hence regularly proved to be a poor aquifer. 16 villages of Bailhongal
taluka and western part of Saundatti taluka, which are traversed by these formations acute
shortage of water.
9.1.5 Seismicity
The project area is located in Belagavi district of Karnataka. As per Seismic Zonation Map
of India, the project area lies in Seismic Zone III.
9.1.6 Flora
Depending on phenological conditions and other ecological factors, the forests of Belagavi
in Uttara Kannada are broadly divided into two types namely Moist and Dry types. The
moist type may be sub-divided into evergreen, semi-evergreen and moist deciduous. The
dry type can be divided into dry deciduous and thorny forest. Species flora as Acacia
arabica, Albizzia amara, Albizzia lebbek, Albizzia odartissima, Artocarpus integrafolia,
Azadirachta indica, Arundianaeca Dowga, Cassia fistula, Carissa caranda, Ficus species,
Hardiwickia binate, Inga dulce, Imperata cylindrica, Elephant grass, Holoptelia integrifolia,
Pongania pinnata, Prosopis juliflora, Randia dometorum, Syzigium specieas, Shorea talura,
Streblus asper,Terminalia arjuna, Zizyphus species, etc. whereas ground cover is
dominated by shrubs and weeds. Detailed details will be provided in EIA report.
9.1.7 Fauna
The project area entails acquisition of forest land. The population density is quite low in the
area and density of forests is quite good. In such areas, mainly faunal species are reported.
Based on the review of secondary data and as per available records, faunal species
reported in the district area include Spotted Deer, Bison, Jackal, Wild dog, Hyaena, Langur,
Barking etc. The commonly observed birds in the district area and its surroundings include
Jungle Bush, Quail, Teal Sparrow, etc.
Wild animals that are found in Karnataka include the elephant, the tiger, the leopard, the
gaur, the sambar deer, the chital or spotted deer, the muntjac, the bonnet macaque, the
slender loris, the common palm civet, the small Indian civet, the sloth bear, the dhole, the
striped hyena and the golden jackal. Some of the birds found here are the great hornbill,
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the Malabar pied hornbill, the Ceylon frogmouth, herons, ducks, kites, eagles, falcons,
quails, partridges, lapwings, sandpipers, pigeons, doves, parakeets, cuckoos, owls,
nightjars, swifts, kingfishers, bee-eaters and munias. Detailed details will be provided in
EIA report.
9.2 Prediction of Impacts
The environmental impacts of the proposed Saundatti PSP have been predicted and are
being forecast in light of the activities that would be undertaken during the construction of
various project appurtenances, e.g. Dam, drilling and blasting during tunneling for tunnel,
adits, roads, construction of permanent and temporary housing and labour colonies,
quarrying for construction material and dumping of muck generated from various project
activities. The likely impacts have been considered for various aspects of environment,
including physico-chemical, ecological and socio-economic aspects are briefly detailed as
below
9.3 Impacts on Land Environment
9.3.1 Construction Phase
Only very few impacts of construction phase are permanent. Majority of the environmental
impacts attributed to construction works are temporary in nature, lasting mainly during the
construction phase and often little beyond the construction period. However, if these issues
are not properly addressed, the impacts can continue even after the construction phase for
longer duration. The time required for construction of the project has been assumed as
about 3 years.
Tunnelling and foundation works will involve land excavation, filling and concrete works
effecting environment by noise and dust pollution. Structural, deployment of machinery,
approach roads construction and erection work will also result in dust, noise pollution and
vehicular traffic. Material handling and transportation may significantly increase noise
pollution.
The labour for various activities during the construction phase shall be engaged from the
surrounding villages. Some essential services are also required to be provided. This will
have an impact on drinking water supply and sanitary facilities. Economy of the nearby
area will be improved due to increased job opportunities with corresponding increase in
income. Other associated business activities like transport, hotels, consumer goods etc.,
will also be benefited. The major environmental parameters likely to be effected during
construction phase are noise, dust pollution and sanitation. Water spraying during high
dust will minimise the dust level to some extent. A proper temporary housing with water
supply and sanitation for workers should be planned. The effect due to construction phase
is however, of temporary in nature and has no permanent effect on environment.
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9.3.1.1 Environmental degradation due to immigration of labour population
At the time of peak construction work in the project, around 1900 persons may be
engaged, Out of 1900 the majority of about 800 nos will be from the local
population/surrounding Villages and balance persons about 1100 will be migrate from
other area. All the local persons will up/down from their home only. Only the migratory
manpower will stay at site camp only.
Separate accommodation and related facilities for workers, service providers and
technical staff are to be arranged. The volume of labour force is most likely will create
problems of sewage disposal, solid waste management and requirement of fuel etc.
9.3.1.2 Quarrying Operations
The course aggregate requirement and construction materials for formation of various
roads and buildings of 57.90 lakh Cum will be extracted from the excavated muck from
Tunnels and underground Power House. As such no separate quarry is required for
production of construction materials.
9.3.1.3 Operation of construction equipment
During construction phase of the project, various types of construction equipment will be
brought to the site. These include crushers, batching plant, drillers, earth movers, rock
bolters, etc. The siting of these construction equipments would require significant
amount of space. Land required will be temporarily acquired, i.e. for the duration of
project construction for storage of the material before crushing, crushed material,
cement, rubble, etc. Efforts shall be made to select the site for locating the construction
equipment in such a way that the adverse impacts on environment are minimal. there
are no major habitations in the project area. Thus, no significant impacts are anticipated
on this account.
9.3.1.4 Soil Erosion
The runoff from various construction sites, will have a natural tendency to flow towards
along with the natural drainage. Thus, the disposal of drainage effluent with such high
turbidity levels is bound to affect the water quality, especially in the lean season. The
drains/nallahs close to various construction sites are seasonal in nature. However, for the
present project proposal no significant drains/nullahs are present. Hence, the increase in
turbidity levels are not envisaged to be significant in nature.
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9.3.1.5 Muck Disposal
About 72.15 Lakh cum of muck is expected to be generated as a result of construction

of Power house and other appurtenant works. The project proposes to utilize 53.30 Lakh
cum of the muck to be generated as construction material in various project structures.
Out of this quantity, about 10.00 Lakhs Cum is proposed to be dumped in reservoir itself
as no river courses are existing, therefore, 16.2 Lakh Cum muck is proposed to be
dumped at pre-identified locations, the balance muck is proposed to be dumped in an
environmentally sound manner in pre-identified dumping sites, which are proposed to be
rehabilitated subsequently in an environmentally sound manner. Retaining walls will be
constructed. After the filling is done, rehabilitation of this site will be done to ensure that
neither it flows in to the water stream nor it poses any other environmental threat.
Plantation, wherever possible, will also be done on these sites so that these get
stabilized over a period of time and do not pose any environmental problem.
9.3.2 Impact identification during operational phase
There would be little environmental and ecological changes during the operational
phase. Since, only a small number of O&M staff will reside in the area in a well-designed
colony with sewage treatment plant and other infrastructure facilities, problems of water
pollution due to disposal of sewage are not anticipated.
9.4 Impacts on Air Environment
Considerable amount of air pollution will be caused during different stages of

construction of tunnels, roads and other operations such as excavation, drilling, blasting,
loading and transportation of material. Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) is the main
pollutant during construction. Most of the dust arises from drilling, blasting, excavation,
crushing and transportation operations. Large quantities of dust become wind borne and
are carried away from overburden dumps. The fugitive dust released during the
construction activities may cause immediate effect on the construction workers who are
directly exposed to the fugitive dust. Vegetation will also be adversely affected as
deposition of dust on the leaves will choke the photosynthesis activity, which, in turn,
will have adverse effect on the health of the plants. The other sources of air pollution is
Pollution due to fuel combustion in various equipment. The operation of various
construction equipment requires combustion of fuel. Normally, diesel is used in such
equipment. The major pollutant which gets emitted as a result of combustion of diesel is
SO2. The SPM emissions are minimal due to low ash content in diesel. The short-term
increase in SO2, even assuming that all the equipment are operating at a common point,
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is quite low. Hence, no major impact is anticipated on this account on ambient air
quality.
9.5 Impacts on Noise Environment
The noise will be generated at the time of construction of powerhouse, tunnelling, drilling
machines, dumpers, etc. Continuous exposure of workers to high level of noise may result
in annoyance, fatigue, and may cause temporary shift of threshold limit of hearing and
even permanent loss of hearing. During operational phase, noise level will be increased due
trouncing machinery and vehicular movement in the area. However, these impacts are only
localized.
9.6 Impacts on Water Quality
The project construction is likely to last for a period of 3 years. As mentioned earlier
around 1900 persons may be engaged, Out of 1900 the majority of about 800 nos will be
from the local population/surrounding Villages and balance persons about 1100 will be
migrate from other area. Most of the workers during construction phase are likely to be
employed from outside the project area. But, the construction phase, also leads to
mushrooming of various allied activities to meet the demand of immigrant labour
population in the project area. It is recommended to establish units for treatment of
sewage generated from labour camps prior to disposal.
During construction phase, one crusher will be commissioned at the muck dumping areas.
It is proposed only crushed material would be brought at construction site. Water is
required to wash the boulders and to lower the temperature of the crushing edge. About
0.1 m3 of water is required per ton of material crushed. The effluent from the crusher
would contain high-suspended solids. The effluent from crushers will be treated by
providing settling tank prior to disposal.
9.7 Impacts on Flora and Fauna
There is no vegetation worth its name or any wild life, hence, there will not be any adverse
impact. There is no Wild Life Sanctuary or National Park in the Project area. During the
detailed study at DPR stage, it is recommended that detailed studies to be conducted to
ascertain the ownership status of the lands, i.e. whether the land belongs Forest
Department or is it a non-forest government land. Even barren land, could be categorized
as forest land, if it is under the jurisdiction of forest department. In such a scenario,
compensatory afforestation as per the norms of Forest Conservation Act will have to be
done in lieu of entire forest land as per ownership, irrespective of its vegetal status to be
acquired for the project. The ownership category of land required for various project
appurtenances can be ascertained, once project layout is finalized as a part of DPR
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preparation. Based on the type of land being acquired for the project, suitable
compensatory measures if any can be suggested as a part of Forest conservation act,
1980.
9.8 R&R Aspects
The existing Renukasagar reservoir will be used as a lower reservoir for the project. The
upper reservoir at Saundatti IREP shall be constructed new. No dwellings, houses or
hamlets will be submerged with the proposed upper reservoir. So, there is no displacement
and resettlement is involved. However, for construction of civil structures and other
components acquisition of forest land in forest block and private land in various settlements
are required. A detailed socioeconomic survey needs to be conducted to ascertain the
actual number of families losing land, the private land required for the project is proposed
to be purchased through a voluntary sale with a willing buyer and seller process. The
process is undertaken through direct negotiations between land owners and Project
Proponent with no obligation on the seller. The land owners are informed in advance, and
each land owner negotiated on the price of land as part of land take.
9.9 Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) aims at the preservation of ecological system by

considering certain mitigating measures at the proposed site. The mitigation measures are
used to minimize or prevent adverse impacts on environment due to the proposed
development activity. Some of the major criteria governing the environmental measures
will be adopted, and the same is described below
9.10 Environmental Management
It is expected that the project area shall not be affected much with the proposed activity
and likely to get new economic fillip due to power generation, not only for the study area
but also for the region as a whole. The majority of the environmental impact pertains to
the construction phase. It is planned to take corrective measures to ensure that these
effects are kept to bare minimum. The EMP will therefore, be initiated during planning
stage itself.
9.10.1 Environmental Management during Construction
Dust emission and solid waste will be generated during initial site preparation activity and
there will be slight increase in the noise levels around the site. The environmental impacts
during the clearing or clearing for site preparation will be temporary, localised and
negligible. Water sprays at appropriate location will be provided for dust suppression,
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hence reducing the impacts. Solid waste will be disposed off along with the muck at the
designated sites.
9.10.2 Air Environment
The construction activities will generate large quantities of dust during drilling, blasting,
loading and transportation operations. The following measures are required be taken to
mitigate the dust from different operations.
To avoid the dust generation from the drilling operations, wet-drilling methods will be
adopted.
Ceasing dust -generating activities during high winds
Covering of vehicles carrying solid waste (muck).
Watering of haul roads and other roads at regular intervals
Plantation near muck disposal places and dumping yards.
9.10.3 Noise environment
The major noise generating sources from the proposed activity are working machinery,
blasting and movement of vehicles. The following control measures are to be undertaken to
bring down the noise levels.
Traffic (vehicular movement) to be managed to produce a smooth flow instead of a noisier

stop -and start flow.
Ensuring timely preventive maintenance of the equipment involved. Since a well maintained
equipment is generally quieter than poorly maintained equipment.
Ensuring usage of personal protective devices i.e., earmuffs and earplugs by workers,
working in high noise activity canters.
Plantation in the vicinity of the construction area will further reduce the noise levels.
9.10.4 Water environment
During construction phase the wastewater (sewage) coming from temporary

Arrangements like offices, labour camp sheds, canteens etc., and impact due to soil
erosion during monsoon period may cause surface water pollution. Some of the control
measures adopted for controlling water pollution are as follows:
Establishing septic tanks followed by soak pits to treat the domestic waste water
generated from the offices, canteens, labour camp sheds.
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9.10.5 Compensatory Afforestation
The loss of vegetal cover can be compensated by compensatory afforestation. The Indian
Forest Conservation Act (1980) stipulates:
if non-forest land is not available, compensatory forest plantations are to be established

on degraded forest lands, which must be twice the forest area affected or lost, and if
non-forest land is available, compensatory forest are to be raised over an area
equivalent to the forest area affected or lost.
As per the applicable forest laws in vogue, the cost of compensatory afforestation, the
NPV for environment loss as well as cost of trees are also payable as per the applicable
norms.
9.10.6 Greenbelt Development
The forest loss due to various project appurtenances has been compensated as a part of
compensatory afforestation. However, in addition to compensatory afforestation, it is
proposed to develop greenbelt around the perimeter of various project appurtenances,
selected stretches along the periphery of water spread area, roads, etc.
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CHAPTER – 10
CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME AND SCHEDULE
10.1 General
Construction of Saundatti IREP including erection of four generating units is planned to be

completed in a period of three (3) years including Pre-constructions works, creation of
infrastructure facilities viz. additional investigations, improvement of road network and
colonies.
10.2 Main Components of the Project
10.2.1 Main Structure/ Components
The Construction schedule has been detailed for major items of the following main
structures/ components.
Civil Works
 Dam
 Power Intake
 Head Race Tunnel
 Surge Chamber
 Penstock Tunnel
 Power House
 Tailrace channel
Electrical Works
 E.O.T cranes
 Supply and erection of T.G sets 6 nos.
 400 KV G.I.S. equipment
 Main Power Transformers
 Other auxiliary electro-mechanical equipment
Hydraulic equipment
 Intake gates
 Intake trash rack
 Steel liner Penstock
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 Penstock Gates
 Draft Tube gates
 Tailrace Outlet gates
10.2.2 Target Schedule
The Total Construction period is scheduled as follows.
Preconstruction Period : 6 months
Construction Period (Main Works) : 2.5 Years
Total Construction Period : 3 Years
10.3 Infrastructure Facilities
The Saundatti IREP, however creation of additional infrastructure facilities or Renovation

of existing infrastructure facilities will be taken up in the first year.
Construction/improvement of project roads and improvements/ upgrading of access
roads will be taken up and completed on priority basis. The construction of office and
residential buildings will be started and completed in the 1st year. The facilities for
workshop and stores etc. are also included.
10.3.1 Dam
Excavation of dam area will be started from the 3rd month of year 1 immediately after
the completion of partial filling at coffer dam and will be completed by 12th month of
year 2.
10.3.2 Power Intake
Excavation of intake structure may start from 5th month of year 1and will be completed
by 4th month of year 2. The concreting of intake may take place from 7th month of year
2 and will be completed by 6th month of year 3.
10.3.3 Penstock Tunnels
Adit to penstock tunnel will be started in the 7th month of year 1 and will be completed
within 3 months. Excavation in penstock tunnels will be taken up in the 10th month of
year 1 and will be completed by the end of 12th month of the 2nd year. The Lining &
erection of steel liners will be start from 1st month of year 3 and will be completed by the
end of 5th month of year 3.
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10.3.4 Powerhouse
Excavation of the power house cavern will be taken up in the 6th month of the 1st year
and will be completed by 2nd month of year 2. The concreting will be taken up in the 2nd
month of the second year and will take 8 months for completion along with the trash rack
structure.
10.3.5 Electro-Mechanical Works
Action for procurement of EOT cranes is proposed to be initiated in the 1st year itself.
The entire process of inviting the tender, placing orders, manufacture, supply, erection
and testing is planned to be carried out in the 1st year to end of the 3rd year.
Pre-manufacture activities such as preparation of specifications, inviting and evaluation of

tender etc. can be completed within the 1st year so that the supply orders are placed by
the end of the 1st year. The model tests and approval to the supplier’s drawings will
require nine more months. Installation period for each pump/turbine and
generator/motor has been considered as 12 months.
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CHAPTER - 11
COST ESTIMATE
11.0 General Description of The Project
The Standalone Pumped Storage Component of Saundatti IREP envisages utilization of

water of the existing Renuka sagar reservoir. Upper and lower reservoir for Saundatti IREP
will be made up respectively by the proposed Saundatti IREP reservoir and the existing
Renuka sagar reservoir.
11.1 Cost Estimates
The Civil Cost Estimates of the project has been prepared as per "Guidelines for
preparation of estimates for the river valley projects" issued by CWC and Indian Standard
IS: 4877 "Guide for Preparation of Estimate for River Valley Projects".
Rates of major items of works have been prepared based on SSR of Karnataka & local
prevailing rates are adopted for the items not covered by the SSR wherever quantification
has not been possible at the present stage of design, lumpsum provisions have been made
based on judgement / experience of other projects.
The estimates of the Hydro Electric Scheme has been divided under the following account
heads:
A. Direct Cost
I. Works
A - Preliminary
B - Land
C - Works
J - Power Plant Civil Works
K - Buildings
M - Plantation
O - Miscellaneous
P - Maintenance during construction
Q - Special T&P R - Communications
S - Power Plant and Electro-Mechanical system
X - Environment and Ecology
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Y - Losses on stock
Total I-Works
Establishment
Tools and Plants
Suspense
Receipt and Recoveries
Total (A) - Direct Cost
B. Indirect Cost
Capitalization of Abatement of Land Revenue
Audit and Account Charges
Consultancy Charges
Upfront fee for loan
Total (B) - Indirect Cost
Total Cost (A+B)
11.2 Preparation Of Estimates
The capital cost of the project includes all costs associated with investigations, design,
construction and maintenance during construction period of the project.
For preparation of cost estimates of civil works, the unit costs of labor, materials and
equipment necessary to perform the work designated in the various pay-items for the
proposed construction are determined based on Schedule of Rates for the year 2017-18 of
Karnataka Irrigation and Command Area Development and for items for which the rates are
not available, the accepted schedule of rates of similar ongoing/recently executed projects
adopted. The rates of major items have been worked out by rate analysis.
The quantities of Civil Works are estimated based on designs and drawings prepared for
various components of the project. The Daily wage rates have been taken as per Karnataka
I&CAD Schedule of Rates for the year 2017 - 18.
Provision for contingencies are considered at 3% of the works cost and are provided in the
detailed works estimates prepared on the heads of item rates and quantities of works to be
executed. These percentage provisions are not considered on lump-sum items.
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PREPARATION OF DETAILED ESTIMATES OF COST (I-WORKS)
11.2.1 A - Preliminary
The provision under this head covers the works relating to various Investigations, Surveys,
Model tests, Ecological studies etc. Provision for preliminary expenses is provided not to
exceed 2% of total cost of I-Works.
11.2.2 B - Land
The provision under this head covers Acquisition of Land, Rehabilitation & Resettlement
including compensation for property, Interest charges, Solatium charges, demarcation &
measurement charges, etc. have been made as per actuals. A provision of 69.64 Crore has
been made under this head.
11.2.3 C - Works
The provisions under this head covers the costs of Earth dam, Approach channel, Intake
structure, Penstocks, Power House, Surge Chamber, Tail Race Tunnel and Tail Race
Channel.
Important items considered under this head are
11.2.4 J - Power plant civil works
Important items to be considered under this head are
Intake Structure & Head Race Tunnel
 Excavation
 Foundation treatment
 Cement concrete for foundation, piers and abutments
 Masonry/concrete for guide walls of approach channel
 Concrete for trash racks including raking arrangement
 Tunnel lining
 Gates with auxiliary equipment’s
 Reinforcement Steel
 Instrumentation etc.,
Surge Shaft
 Excavation
 Concrete
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 Shortcreting
Penstock
 Excavation
 Cement concrete for
 Bed
 Anchor blocks
 Intermediate supports
 Stiffener, Reducers, Bends, Penstock valves, Instrumentation
Power House
 Excavation
 Concrete for foundation, sub-structure, super-structure and supports for turbines

and generators.
 Masonry/concrete for super-structure and other necessary items for building work.
 Scroll casing / Generator barrel
 Draft tube
 Bulkhead gates, crane and hoisting equipment
 Power-house crane
 Miscellaneous items such as anchor bolts, grouting etc.
 Instrumentation
Tail Race channel
 Excavation
 Embankment
 Lining with cement concrete in bed and sides with drainage pipes and valves
 Pucca works
 Cross Drainage(s)
 Escape(s)
 Bridge(s)
 Instrumentation
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11.3 K – Buildings
The provisions under this head covers the Residential / Nonresidential buildings, office
buildings, Stores, Testing laboratories, Workshops, Other Service Buildings, Community
Centre etc. A provision of 2% of C- Works and J-Power plant civil works is made under this
head.
11.4 M – Plantation
The provisions under this head covers the plantation program including Gardens etc.
required for beautification which is considered necessary at downstream of Weir and
around Power House and other important structures. A provision of Rs. 125.80 Lakhs is
made under this head.
11.5 O – Miscellaneous
The provision under this head covers the capital cost & maintenance of Electrification,
Water supply, Sewage disposal and drainage works, Recreation, Medical, Firefighting
equipments, Inspection vehicles, School bus, Pay van, visit of dignitaries, welfare works
etc. A provision of around 2% of C- Works & J-Power plant civil works is made under this
head.
11.6 P - Maintenance during Construction
The provision under this head covers the cost of maintenance of all works during the
construction period. A provision of around 1% of C-Works & J-Power plant civil works is
made under this head.
11.7 Q - Special Tools & Plants
The provisions under this head covers the Drilling & Grouting equipment’s, Transport,
Compaction, Electrical equipment’s, Construction Plant & Earth Moving equipment’s and
other Miscellaneous equipment’s. A provision of Rs.251.60 lakhs has been made under this
head. As the project works have been planned for construction through contractors, and it
is expected that the contractors will procure their own equipment’s for work.
The project estimates therefore do not provide for purchase of heavy earth moving
equipment and concreting equipment by the department.
11.8 R – Communication
The provisions under this head covers the construction of main approach roads, quarry
roads, temporary or permanent river crossing, railways, bridges and connecting roads.
11.9 S - Power plant and Electro - Mechanical System
The provision under this head cover the Electro-Mechanical equipment for the power plant
and associated substation. The cost of the Electro-Mechanical equipment is arrived at
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based on the preliminary size and compared with recent projects. Cost of transmission line
is also included in the project cost.
11.10 X - Environment and Ecology
Under this head provisions for items like, compensatory afforestation, catchment area
treatment, establishment of fuel depot, salvage / rehabilitation of any rare or endangered
species of flora and fauna, control of aquatic weeds, public health measures to control
water or soil borne diseases, Restoration of land, seismological measures etc., are
considered as per their requirements. A provision of around 2% of C-Works & J-Power
plant civil works is made under this head
11.11 Y - Losses on Stock
The provision under this head has been made at 0.25% of the total cost of C Works, J -
Power Plant Civil Works and K – Buildings.
11.12 Establishment
The provision under this head has been made in the corresponding items of the work.
11.13 Tools & Plants
Provision for ordinary tools and plants is made at 1.0% of I - Works less land.
11.14 Suspense
The net provision under this minor head is "NIL", as all the outstanding suspense accounts
are expected to be cleared by adjustment to appropriate heads.
11.15 Receipts & Recoveries On Capital Account
Provision is made under this head towards estimated recoveries by way of resale at 15% of
the total cost incurred towards Q-Special tools and plants.
11.16 Indirect Charges
A provision of 0.25% of I - Work cost is made for Audit and Account.
11.17 Project Cost
The total project cost has been estimated at 5535.22 Crore at March 2018 price level as
given below:
Cost of Civil Works 2212.48 Crores
Cost of E&M work including
Transmission line 2016.00 Crores
Interest During Construction 1306.74 Crores
Total project cost 5535.22 Crores
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CHAPTER – 12
FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
12.0 Introduction
The economic viability of a project is determined by comparison with the alternative

sources at the same place considering therein all elements such as cost of
transmission/distribution etc., In isolated areas, it is often compared with diesel or other
sources available for affording the same energy benefits. The economics of the project,
where existing facility is required to meet the demand could be computed considering
system requirements and the ability of the scheme for meeting the demand. When a Hydro
Project is to be developed by an Independent producer, he would have to consider returns
to him considering all factors such as rate offered to him by third party sale or captive
consumption or sale to state electricity boards, any subsidies and concessions available for
funding or otherwise.
12.1 General Description of The Project
The Saundatti IREP has been conceived on Renuka Sagar reservoir, in the state of
Karnataka
12.2 Generation
In a year, the planned power generation will be 3525 MU considering the rate of 8.0 hours
per day for 365 days operation @ 95% installed capacity.
12.3 Annual Requirement of Pumping Energy
The pumping will have to be carried out for 3440 hours per year i.e 9.92 hours for 365
days operation @ 95% capacity. The energy required for pumping works out to 4699 MU
per annum.
Optimization studies with actual parameters of Pump Turbine, Generator Motor and other
equipment’s as obtained from the manufacturers shall be carried out at the time of
preparation of DPR in line with the latest international practice and guidelines issued by
CEA.
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12.4 Means of Finance
The project is proposed to be financed through term loans from financial institutes and
balance through equity participation or as in practice of Corporation.
Equity: The developer will provide Equity to the extent of 30% of the project cost based on
the estimates by adopting a debt equity ratio of 70:30 is borrowed.
Debt: The term loan to the extent of 70% of the project cost (including IDC) based on the
estimates will be obtained from the financial institutions.
The analysis has been carried out, considering the rate of interest equal to 9.5% on term
loan. As per CERC Terms & Conditions of Tariff Regulations, 2014 (in short, “CERC Tariff
Regulations 2014”), repayment of loan has been considered equal to the depreciation
allowed under these regulations, until the loan is fully paid off. Interest charges have been
computed based on average of opening and closing amount of outstanding loan.
12.5 Cost Of Project
Estimated cost of the project is Rs.5535.22 Crore (including IDC) based on year 2017-2018
prices. The actual cost, till the completion of the project is higher due to interest charges
during construction. Construction work is assumed to take 36 months and the power
station is expected to be commissioned in 3.0 Years.
12.6 Interest During Construction
Interest charges during construction would depend on phasing of expenditure. IDC has
been considered for scheduled completion period of 36 months. The Interest during
Construction period is expected to be Rs.534.22 Crore.
12.7 Depreciation Provision
As per CERC Tariff Regulations 2014, Depreciation is considered @5.28% p.a. for the initial
period of 12 years and the remaining depreciation to cover 90% depreciable value shall be
spread over balance useful life of 35 years of the project.
Land is not a depreciable asset; hence depreciation is to be provided on total cost of the
project other than Land.
12.8 Viable Tariff
Following assumptions are made to arrive at the viable tariff, as per CERC Tariff
Regulations 2014.
Operation and maintenance O & M Expenses @ 2.5% of the project cost, escalated @
6.64% per annum.
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Interest on working capital has been arrived as follows: The total working capital is arrived
at by considering sum of 15.00% on maintenance of spares, 1-month O&M cost, and 2-
months Receivables.
Discount Factor for the purpose of calculating levelized tariff has been considered at 9.15%
based on CERC Renewable Tariff Regulations 2017.
The above analysis is only for the purpose of arriving at the stand-alone viable tariff for the
Saundatti IREP, and the viability analysis for Saundatti IREP will be carried out separately.
Accordingly, the input cost of power in this project, which is dynamic and will vary as per
actual conditions from time to time, has not been captured in this analysis.
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STANDALONE PUMPED STORAGE COMPONENT OF SAUNDATTI INTEGRATED RENEWABLE

ENERGY PROJECT (IREP)

Sl. No Description Page No

Chapter - 1 Executive Summary

Chapter - 3 Project Area 15

Chapter - 4 Power Scenario 20

Chapter - 5 Survey and Geotechnical Investigations 22

Chapter - 6 Hydrology & Power Potential Studies 31

Chapter - 7 Design Features of Major Components 36

Chapter - 8 Electro-Mechanical Equipments 41

Chapter - 9 Environmental Aspects 64

Chapter – 10 Construction Programme Schedule 73

Chapter – 11 Cost Estimate 76

Chapter – 12 Financial and Economic Analysis 82

Drawing -1 General Layout Plan

Wind-Solar-Storage Hybrid Projects present a viable solution to the problem at hand

1 24 Hours Round The Clock (RTC) Base Load Energy

2 18 Hours Base Load Energy as per Demand

3 12 Hour Peak Load Energy (6 hours + 6 hours)

4 Energy Storage Service, Grid Management, Frequency Management &

This PR is for Standalone Pumped Storage component of Saundatti IREP of 1260 MW

The Standalone Pumped Storage component of Saundatti IREP is located in Belagavi

The proposed Standalone Pumped Storage component of Saundatti IREP is a self-identified

1.3 Scope of Works

The Saundatti IREP envisages construction of

 Power Intake Structure

1.5 Installed Capacity

The Key parameters of Saundatti IREP Operation are as follows:

1.6 Power Evacuation

1.7 Environmental Aspects

1.8 Construction Planning & Schedule

It is proposed to construct the project within a period of 3 years including infrastructure

1.9 Project Cost Estimate

S.NO. Description of Item Cost in Crores

1 Cost of Civil & other works 2631.93

Cost of Power Plant

2 Electro Mechanical Equipment including 2369.10

3 Total Project Cost 5001.03

4 Interest during Construction 534.19

5 Total cost of the Project 5535.22

1.10 Economic Financial Analysis

The economical evaluation of Standalone Pumped Storage component of Saundatti IREP

The Standalone Pumped Storage component of Saundatti IREP is envisaged to be

SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT

Standalone pumped storage component of

Saundatti IREP is located in Belagavi district of Karnataka. It envisages creation of a

3.2 Malaprabha River

3.4 Mineral Resources

3.4.1 Other Minerals in Karnataka

3.6 General Features of the Project

Saundatti IREP is located in Belagavi district of Karnataka. It envisages creation of reservoir

4.1. Karnataka State Power Position

Karnataka has 22289.96 MW capacity as on 28.02.2018 against 96294.45 MW in southern

Energy Power Supply Position Report

As per CEA Report for February 2018

Peak Power Supply Position Report

State Energy Energy not supplied Energy Energy not supplied

SURVEY & GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS

 Geology & Geotechnical investigations