SOLID

MENSURATION
Solid for which
Volume, V=(mean B)H
Engr. Michael George A. Baraquel
Solids for which volume, V = (mean B)h
❑Frustum of Regular
Pyramid
❑Frustum of Right
Circular Cone
❑Prismatoid
❑Truncated Prism
FRUSTUM OF REGULAR PYRAMID
A frustum of a regular pyramid is
the portion of a regular pyramid
included between the base and a
section parallel to the base
➢The slant height of a frustum of a
regular pyramid is the altitude of a
face
➢The lateral edges of a frustum of a
regular pyramid are equal, and the
faces are equal isosceles trapezoids.
FRUSTUM OF REGULAR PYRAMID
➢The LATERAL AREA of the frustum of a regular pyramid is equal to
one-half the sum of the perimeters of the bases multiplied by the
slant height.

𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒔

𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 = 𝒙 𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕
𝟐

𝒑+𝑷
𝑺= 𝒍
𝟐
FRUSTUM OF REGULAR PYRAMID
➢The VOLUME of the frustum of any pyramid is equal to one-third
the product of the altitude and the sum of the upper base, the
lower base and the mean proportional between the bases

𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒔 + 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍

𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 = 𝒙 𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆
𝟑

𝑽 = 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝑩 𝒙 𝒉

(𝒃 + 𝑩 + 𝒃𝑩)
𝑽= 𝒉
𝟑
FRUSTUM OF REGULAR PYRAMID
➢The VOLUME of the frustum of any pyramid is equal to one-third
the product of the altitude and the sum of the upper base, the
lower base and the mean proportional between the bases

𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒔 + 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍

𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 = 𝒙 𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆
𝟑

𝑽 = 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝑩 𝒙 𝒉

(𝒂 + 𝑨 + 𝒂𝑨)
𝑽= 𝒉
𝟑
FRUSTUM OF RIGHT
CIRCULAR CONE
The frustum of a right circular
cone is that portion of a right
circular cone included between the
base and a section parallel to the
base.
➢The altitude of a frustum of a
right circular cone is the
perpendicular distance between
the two bases
➢All the elements of a frustum of a
right circular cone are equal.
 FRUSTUM OF RIGHT
CIRCULAR CONE
➢The LATERAL AREA of the frustum of a right circular cone is equal to
one-half the sum of the circumferences of the bases multiplied by
the slant height.

𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒖𝒎𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒔

𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 = 𝒙 𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕
𝟐

𝒄+𝑪
𝑺= 𝒍
𝟐
FRUSTUM OF RIGHT
CIRCULAR CONE
➢The VOLUME of the frustum of any cone is equal to one-third the
product of the altitude and the sum of the upper base, the lower
base and the mean proportional between the bases

𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒔 + 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍

𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 = 𝒙 𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆
𝟑

𝑽 = 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝑩 𝒙 𝒉
(𝒃 + 𝑩 + 𝒃𝑩)
𝑽= 𝒉
𝟑
FRUSTUM OF RIGHT
CIRCULAR CONE
➢The VOLUME of the frustum of any cone is equal to one-third the
product of the altitude and the sum of the upper base, the lower
base and the mean proportional between the bases

𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒔 + 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍

𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 = 𝒙 𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆
𝟑

𝑽 = 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝑩 𝒙 𝒉
(𝒂 + 𝑨 + 𝒂𝑨)
𝑽= 𝒉
𝟑
1. The frustum of a regular triangular pyramid has equilateral triangles for its
bases. The lower and upper base edges are 9m and 3m, respectively. If the
volume is 118.2 cu. mtrs., how far apart are the base?
2. A lateral edge of the frustum of a regular pyramid is
1.8m long. The upper base is a square 1m by 1m and
the lower base 2.4m by 2.4m square. Determine the
volume of the frustum in cubic meters.
3. On the previous problem, determine the lateral surface area of the frustum.
4. A reservoir contains 54,000,000 gal. of water when full. Find the depth of
the water if the reservoir is in the form of the frustum of a right circular cone
of upper and lower base radii 200ft and 100ft, respectively.
 SOLID
MENSURATION
The Sphere

Engr. Michael George A. Baraquel

Introduction
A sphere is a solid bounded by a
closed surface every point of which is
equidistant from a fixed point called the
center.
➢Every plane section of a sphere is a
circle. If the plane contains a diameter of
the sphere, the section is a great circle;
otherwise, the section is a small circle.
➢The axis of a circle of a sphere is the
diameter of the sphere perpendicular to
the plane of the circle
Introduction
➢The poles of a circle of a sphere are the
ends of its axis
➢Of two circles cut from a sphere by
planes unequally distant from the center,
the nearer is the greater.
➢The radius of a great circle is equal to
the radius of the sphere
➢Two great circles of a sphere bisect each
other
➢All great circle bisects the sphere
SPHERE
➢The area of the surface of a sphere is equal to the area of four of its
great circles.
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝟒 𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕 𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒔

𝑺 = 𝟒𝝅𝒓𝟐

➢The volume of a sphere is equal to 4/3π times the cube of its radius
𝟒
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 = 𝝅(𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔)𝟑
𝟑
𝟒 𝟑
𝑽 = 𝝅𝒓
𝟑
Spherical segment of one base
➢AREA
𝑺 = 𝟐𝝅𝒓𝒉

➢VOLUME

𝝅𝒉𝟐
𝑽= (𝟑𝒓 − 𝒉)
𝟑
Spherical segment of two base
➢AREA
𝑺 = 𝟐𝝅𝒓𝒉

➢VOLUME

𝝅𝒉
𝑽= (𝟑𝒂𝟐 + 𝟑𝒃𝟐 + 𝒉𝟐 )
𝟔
Spherical Cone or Spherical Sector
➢AREA

𝑺 = 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒆𝒈𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 + 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒆

➢VOLUME

𝟐 𝟐
𝑽 = 𝝅𝒓 𝒉
𝟑
1. A 2m diameter spherical tank contains 1396 liters of water. How Many liters
of water must added for the water to reach a depth of 1.75m?
(1 cubic meters = 1000 liters)
2. A water tank is in form os spherical segment whose base radii are 4m and
3m and whose altitude is 6m. Determine the capacity of the tank in gallons.
(1 cubic meters = 1000 liters) (1 gallon = 3.79 liters)
❑Quizzes
❑Final Exam
THE END