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Physics Class 12 ATOM

The document discusses the distance of closest approach in Rutherford's gold foil experiment. It defines distance of closest approach as the minimum distance an alpha particle can approach the nucleus before reversing direction. It then provides equations showing that if the kinetic energy of the alpha particle is doubled, the distance of closest approach is halved. It also discusses how the required kinetic energy of a proton would compare to have the same closest distance, as well as giving an example calculation for a specific experiment.

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Jai Prakash
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92 views1 page

Physics Class 12 ATOM

The document discusses the distance of closest approach in Rutherford's gold foil experiment. It defines distance of closest approach as the minimum distance an alpha particle can approach the nucleus before reversing direction. It then provides equations showing that if the kinetic energy of the alpha particle is doubled, the distance of closest approach is halved. It also discusses how the required kinetic energy of a proton would compare to have the same closest distance, as well as giving an example calculation for a specific experiment.

Uploaded by

Jai Prakash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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801. Define the distance of closest approach.

CBSE (D)-2017
Ans. Distance of closest approach: The minimum distance up to which an a-particle can approach the nucleus just
before retracing its path, is known as distance of closest approach
2Ze2)

To4TEo Ex
= 2.5 X 10- m

802. The K. E. of a -particle incident on gold foil is doubled. How does the distance of dosest approach change?
Ans. r =L22e) CBSE (D)-2017,(AT)-2015,2012
Ans. ToAE Ex To
hence, distance of closest approach will be halved when K.E. is doubled
803. In the Rutherford's scattering experiment the distance of cdosest approach for an a -partide is do. If a -particle is
replaced by a proton, how much kinetic energy in comparison to a -partice will it require to have the same distance
of closest approach do? CBSE (F)-2009
(ze)(2e) 1 (2e)\e)
[Ans. Ex A & Ex, REo do Ex, Bx
804. Determine the distance of closest approach when an alpha partide of kinetic energy 4.5 Mev strikes a nucleus of
Z = 80, stops and reverses its direction. CBSE (AT)-2015, 2012, (AIC)-2015

tAns. ro 4 Ex
=9X 10° x 0X(L6 X102.5.12
4.5 X 106 X 1.6 X 10-1°
x 10-14 n

805. (i) What is Impact parameter? CBSE (AIC)-2015


(ii) What is the significance of impact parameter?
[Ans. () Impact parameter (6):
It is the perpendicular distance of the initial velocity
vector of the a-particle from the
i) Significance: It gives an estimate of size of nucleus

806. The trajectories, traced by different a -partides, in Geiger-Marsden experiment were observed as shown in
figure. (a) What names are given to the symbols'b' and '8"
shown here ?
0 =0° (i) 8 = a radians?
CBSE (DC)-2008
(b) What can we say about values of b for (i)
[Ans. (a) symbol '5' represents impact parameter
& B' represents scattering angle

(6) b= cot8/2
4TE m u2)
() when 8 =0°", b is maximum & represent the atomic size

(ii) When 8 n radians, b is minimum & represent nuclear size OTaget nucleus

CBSE (D)-2016,(D)-2012,(F)-2010
807. State Bohr's quantization
condition for defining stationaryorbits.
[Ans. Bohr's quantization condition: electrons can revolve only in those orbits in which their angular momentum is an
integral multiple of ~
i, e, mVr = nzT where n= 1,2,3-
These orbits are called stationary orbits and electrons do not radiate energy while revolving in these orbits
908. State Bohr postulate of hydrogen atom that gives the relationship for the frequency of emitted photon in a
transition. OR CBSE (F)-2016
State Bohr's postulate of hydrogen atom which suUCcessfully explains emission lines in the spectrum of hydrogen atom.
(Ans. Bohr's postulate of transition: CBSE (AI)-2015, (D)-2013
When an electron makes a transition from higher (E,) to lower energy level (E,).
a photon is emitted which have the energy equal to the energy difference of two levels.
,e, hv E - E, This equation is called Bohr's frequency condition

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