Republic of the Philippines

Technological University of the Philippines

Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
 MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

1
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
 MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

Name: Medenilla Lloyd L. Course, Yr. & Sec. BSEE-1H Subject:ESW 2

Group No. Time: Days: Rm: Date:May 18,2022
Professor/Instructor: Engr. Edwin Espinas Rating:

Activity No. 3
MOTOR CONTROL CIRCUIT

I. Objectives:
At the end of the activity, students should be able to:

1. Interpret a simple ladder diagram.

2. Draw a simple motor control circuit using various types of switches.
3. Appreciate the importance of gaining skill in designing a control circuit based on given condition.

II. Technical Information:

Understanding motor control systems requires the ability to read and work with relay ladder
diagrams. These diagrams show the relationship among the components in the control circuit.
o A single load (such as a contactor coil, a relay coil, a light, or an alarm) is placed on each rung of
the ladder. All loads are wired in parallel with each other, never is series. To understand the
diagram, imagine voltage flowing from left to right across the rung. When all contacts leading to
a load are closed, voltage will energize it.
o Contacts on switches are indicated by the symbol for the switch. Most switches can be wired as
normally open or normally closed. Switch contacts that are wired normally open are drawn as
open, and normally closed contacts are drawn as closed. When contacts on contactors or relays
are normally open, they are indicated by two vertical lines. When normally closed, a diagonal
line is added.
o When a switch is not actuated or a contactor or relay is not energized, all its contacts are in their
normal state. Normally open contacts are open and normally closed contacts are closed. When
the component is actuated or energized, its contacts change their state: normally open contacts
close, and normally closed contacts open.
o Numbers are often added along the left-hand rail of relay ladder diagrams when the diagrams
have many rungs. Numbers at the right-hand rail indicate the location of contacts controlled by
the load. Comments about the components on a rung are often written along the right-hand rail.
o For example, the rungs of the relay ladder diagram on the previous page are numbered 1 through
5. Along the right-hand rail, the load in Rung 3 is referenced to both Rung 1 and Rung 4 because
the time-delay relay has a contact in each of those rungs. The contact in Rung 4 turns the alarm
off when it completes its timing sequence. The contact in Rung 1 turns the motor on. Rung
references to normally closed contacts are underlined while normally open contacts are not.

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

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Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
 MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

Figure 1Motor Control Ladder Diagram

o Wire numbers are sometimes added to aid in locating the proper connections in the control
system. The numbers on the diagram match real numbers affixed to the wires in the system.

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

3
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
 MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
III. Evaluation:

1. This is a ladder diagram of the control circuit for a large ventilation fan started with a maintained –
contact selector switch. In this circuit, if the power of the fan is lost, it will automatically restart when
power is restored. Modify the circuit so that the new circuit will not permit fan to restart if power is
restored after an outage.

Answer

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

4
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
 MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

IDLE CONDITON RUN CONDITON

TRIP CONDITION

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

5
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
 MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

2. Modify the given circuit so that it can be started from three other locations by using pushbuttons.
Draw your diagram and label each part.

Answer

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

6
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
 MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

IDLE CONDITON RUN CONDITION

TRIP CONDITON

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

7
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
 MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

3. Modify the circuit you have drawn in No. 2 by adding a temperature switch that will automatically turn
the fan ON when the temperature rises to 28°C. The circuit must allow each push button to ON the
fan independent of the temperature switch.

Answer

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

8
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
 MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

IDLE CONDITON BEFORE THE TIMER ON IDLE CONDITION AFTER THE TIMER ON

RUN CONDITION TRIP CONDITION

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

9
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
 MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
4. Lastly, modify the circuit in a way that the three pushbuttons cannot turn ON the fan until the
temperature reaches 28 ° C.

Answer

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

10
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
 MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

IDLE CONDITON BEFORE THE TIMER ON IDLE CONDITION AFTER THE TIMER ON

RUN CONDITION TRIP CONDITION

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

11
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
 MODULE 4

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
4. In Figure 1, what is the function of the control relay CR for the proper operation of the motor?

The Control Relay is the one who allows the electrical current to flow through the conducting coll that’s opens
nor closes a switch. And when the motor control circuit have the control relay the controller do not need to
manually turn the switch to isolate or change the the electrical circuit by themselves , because the control
relay is magnetic that mostly used for remotely switch loads to no need to manually turn the switch . and also
it can protect the motor by protecting the circuit current because it is the one who deals with the electrical
current when open or close a switch it can stop the flow by closing it. And it will be the one who will energize
the motor control circuit , after that the flow of energy will continuesly flow into the motor.

5. What is the purpose of connecting a normally closed time relay contact (TDOE) in series with the
alarm? Why a normally open time relay contact (TDOE) in series with the motor contactor coil M?

The purpose of connecting a normally closed time relay contact is to have a certain time to control the control
relays with the time you build in the TDOE, of course it will allow the current to flow even the control relay is
not turned on. And it’s says that contacts opens and it will interup the the current when the electricit is being
running. And the purpose of that the used is normally open time relay in series into the motor contactor coil
is, to allow the electricity to flow in to the motor and when the energy flow the alarm will trigger it self. After
that the time delay and relay with the two contacts will change after a few minutes, and after that the alarm
will turned off because it is done and the motor will now run because the energy is flowing now.

IV. Conclusion:
In this activity is allows the student to learn about the switchtes and relay with the ladder diagram for the
basic control motor, and the first figure in the above that serve as the starting point for constructing the motor
control circuit that needs to put in to the questions, we were given questions that allow us to learn how to put
the switches .the push buttons and time relays, like in the question 2 we can make the parallel diagram to
became well organized the control circuit motor, and also the ladder diagram for better sight also organized
because it will help us to make our own design with much better diagrams and motor control circuit designs.

And when making electrical plans, like this the motor control circuit, learning the parts of it, they uses, learning
the ladder diagram for the diagram and learning how to construct a control circuit is better in diagram is for
organized, because if this is well organized when there are problems in the motor we can find it quickly and
fix it quickly and also we can easly identify the parts of the motor control circuit so the operator will not be
confused when they’re using your motor control circuit. and the better usage for the operator and the good
construct of a control circuit is for better smooth running of the motor. And after this activity we can assumed
that the students can make their own ladder diagram and better understanding in the motor control circuits.

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

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