UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENT (3)

KHÓA HỌC CHINH PHỤC TỪ VỰNG TIẾNG ANH

Cô Vũ Thị Mai Phương

_________________________
meat – eating (adj) /miːt iːtɪŋ/

ăn thịt

Ex: He caught the meat-eating South American fish while angling near
Mechelen, in northern Belgium.

dwell (v) /dwel/

cư ngụ

Ex: Those species which are more expensive for the vessels to catch, because they
dwell deeper in the ocean.
flash flood (n) /ˌflæʃ ˈflʌd/
trận lụt đột ngột

Ex: The unusually heavy rain caused flash floods in several mountain villages.

humanitarian aid (n) /hjuːˌmæn.ɪˈteə.ri.ən eɪd/

sự viện trợ nhân đạo

Ex: The King Salman Humanitarian Aid on Monday distributed 44 tons of food
among 3,600 people.

solar panel (n) /ˌsəʊ.lə ˈpæn.əl/

tấm năng lượng mặt trời

Ex: Solar panels are used to power satellites.

tame (adj) /teɪm/

đã thuần hóa

Ex: After a few months' contact the monkeys become very tame.

primitive (adj) /ˈprɪm.ɪ.tɪv/

nguyên thủy, sơ khai

Ex: The spiny anteater is a mammal, although a very primitive one.

culprit (n) /ˈkʌl.prɪt/
nguyên nhân, thủ phạm

Ex: Burning fossil fuels - which emit carbon dioxide, the main culprit for climate
change - is a major driver of air pollution.

acid deposition (n) /ˈæs.ɪd ˌdep·əˈzɪʃ·ən

sự lắng đọng axit

Ex: Acid deposition is an imminent threat for those in Hawaii dealing with
emissions from the Kilauea volcano.
reservoir (n) /ˈrez.ə.vwɑːr/
hồ chứa, bể chứa

Ex: A new state-of-the-art reservoir is set to start supplying Stoke-on-Trent with

water within the next three months.

Quiz

1. The real ______ is poverty, disease and starvation.

A. culprit B. aid

2. Air-breathing in fish is, in fact, a _______ character of all osteichthyans.

A. tame B. primitive

3. All manner of sea life ________ in this remarkable sanctuary.

A. dwells B. removes

indiscriminate (adj) /ˌɪn.dɪˈskrɪm.ɪ.nət/

bữa bãi

Ex: The indiscriminate use of fertilizers can cause long-term problems.

devastate (v) /ˈdev.ə.steɪt/

tàn phá, phá hủy

Ex: The town was devastated by a hurricane in 1928.

regeneration (n) /riˌdʒen·əˈreɪ·ʃən/

sự tái sinh, phục hồi

Ex: Logging can generally occur in forests without a regeneration plan in place.
thrive (v) /θraɪv/

phát triển, thịnh vượng

Ex: It is found that the crops cultivated are thriving well.

decompose (v) /ˌdiː.kəmˈpəʊz/

phân hủy

Ex: Microbes decompose organic waste into a mixture of methane and carbon
dioxide.
incinerate (v) /ɪnˈsɪn.ər.eɪt/

thiêu, đốt thành tro

Ex: The company is accused of incinerating hazardous waste without a license.

reptile (n) /ˈrep.taɪl/

loài bò sát

Ex: Reptiles are cold-blooded animals – they need the sun to stay warm.
wither (v) /ˈwɪð.ər/
làm khô, héo quắt lại

Ex: Hot, dry weather withered the peanut crop in the southeast.

domesticate (v) /dəˈmes.tɪ.keɪt/

thuần chủng

Ex: Dogs were probably the first animals to be domesticated.

hatch (v) /hætʃ/

nở trứng

Ex: The birds hatched out the next afternoon.

Quiz

1. The battle for Manila lasted two weeks and _______ the city and its population.

A. devastated B. hatched

2. One of the effects of acid rain is that it causes plants to _______.

A. thrive B. wither

3. CoCo View _______ its garbage, and the strong smoky smell often permeated the
rooms.

A. incinerates B. domesticates
prey (n) /preɪ/
con mồi

Ex: A hawk hovered in the air before swooping on its prey.

activated carbon (n) /ˈæk.tɪ.veɪtɪd ˈkɑː.bən/

than hoạt tính

Ex: The activated carbon filters can be examined for evidence of trace gases.
catalyze (v) /ˈkæt.əl.aɪz/

xúc tác

Ex: It was thought that only proteins could catalyze reactions in cells.

poach (v) /pəʊtʃ/

săn bắn trộm

Ex: The farmer claimed that he shot the men because they were poaching on his
land.
menace (n) /ˈmenəs/

mối nguy hại

Ex: Plastic bags are a menace to marine environments because they don't break
down quickly.

proliferation (n) /prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃn/

sự gia tăng nhanh chóng

Ex: Believing that the proliferation of nuclear weapons would seriously enhance
the danger of nuclear war.
tainted (adj) /ˈteɪntɪd/

bẩn

Ex: It’s urgent that fishes be transferred from tainted ponds to clean water

unleaded (adj) /ˌʌnˈledɪd/

không chứa chì

Ex: Unleaded petrol is less harmful to the environment.

whaling (n) /ˈweɪlɪŋ/

việc săn bắt cá voi

Ex: Japan argues that whaling is a cultural tradition practiced by the Japanese
for centuries.

incalculable damage (n) /ɪnˈkælkjələbl ˈdæmɪdʒ/

thiệt hại không đếm xuể

Ex: The earthquake and tsunami happened a few years ago in Japan caused
incalculable damages to the whole nation.
Quiz

1. Shifting cultivation has brought _____ damage to the forest.

A. incalculable B. primitive

2. Pollution, noise, ______ food, plastics, celebrity boxing - we live in an alarmingly

toxic environment.
A. unleaded B. tainted

3. To ease the burden of plastic _____ in the city of Bengaluru, a local NGO,
Swachha, has come up with an innovative solution.

A. proliferation B. menace

Vocabulary highlights

✓ meat – eating (adj): ăn thịt

✓ dwell (v): cư ngụ

✓ flash flood (n): trận lụt đột ngột

✓ humanitarian aid (n): sự viện trợ nhân đạo

✓ solar panel (n): tấm năng lượng mặt trời

✓ tame (adj): đã thuần hóa

✓ primitive (adj): nguyên thủy

✓ culprit (n): nguyên nhân

✓ acid deposition (n): sự lắng đọng axit

✓ reservoir (n): hồ chứa

✓ indiscriminate (adj): bữa bãi

✓ devastate (v): tàn phá

✓ regeneration (n): sự phục hồi

✓ thrive (v): phát triển

✓ decompose (v): phân hủy

✓ incinerate (v): thiêu

✓ reptile (n): loài bò sát

✓ wither (v): héo quắt lại

✓ domesticate (v): thuần chủng

✓ hatch (v): nở trứng

✓ prey (n): con mồi

✓ activated carbon (n): than hoạt tính

✓ catalyze (v): xúc tác

✓ poach (v): săn bắn trộm

✓ menace (n): mối nguy hại

✓ proliferation (n): sự gia tăng nhanh chóng

✓ tainted (adj): bẩn

✓ unleaded (adj): không chứa chì

✓ whaling (n): việc săn bắt cá voi

✓ incalculable damage (n): thiệt hại không đếm xuể

PRACTICE

Fill each blank with one word in the box.

production cutoff

failures shortage

famine farmland

diseases rainfall

food events

Famine is a prolonged food (1) _________that causes widespread hunger and death.
Throughout history, (2) _______ has struck at least one area of the world every few
years. Most of the developing nations of Africa, Asia, and Latin America have barely
enough (3) _______ for their people. Millions in these countries go hungry. When
food (4) _________ or imports drop for any reason, famine may strike and thousands
or millions of people may die. Many famines have more than one cause. For example,
the great Bengal famine of 1943 in Eastern India was caused by both natural and
historical (5) _________. World War II created a general food shortage and led to the
(6) ______ of rice imports from Burma, which had been occupied by the Japanese.
Then a cyclone destroyed much (7) _________. Famine struck, and more than 1 ½
million person died. Nearly all famines result from crop (8) _________. The chief
causes of crop failure include (a) drought (prolong lack of rain), (b) too much (9)
_______ and flooding, and (c) plant (10) __________ and pests. Many other
factors may also help create a famine.

Complete each gap in the passage with the correct form of the word in brackets

Recycling is the (1) __________ (collect), processing, and reuse of materials that
would otherwise by thrown away. Materials ranging from precious metals to (2)
________ (break) glass, from old newspapers to plastic spoons, can be recycled. The
(3) _________ (recycle) process reclaims the original material and uses it in new (4)
_________ (produce). It general, using recycled materials to make new products costs
less and requires less energy than (5) ______ (use) new materials. Recycling can also
reduce pollution, either by (6) __________ (reduce) the demand for high – pollution
alternatives or by minimizing the amount of (7) __________ (pollute) produced
during the manufacturing process. Recycling decreases the amount of land needed for
trash dumps by reducing the volume of (8) __________ (discard) waste.

Choose the best answer

1. Many species of animals and plants today are ________.

A. endangered B. in risk

C. risky D. under danger

2. The indiscriminate use of pesticides has _________ many rare species.

A. devastated B. extincted

C. cancelled D. wiped out

3. A tropical rain forest, once destroyed can never be _______

A. recovered B. regenerated
C. repaired D. replaced

4. Waste paper can be _______ instead of being burnt.

A. decomposed B. incinerated

C. recycled D. revamped

5. There are over 850,000 named ______ of insects on this planet.

A. families B. colonies

C. species D. varieties

6. The lioness lay in wait for her ______

A. game B. prey

C. target D. victim

7. Cattle and chickens are ______ animals.

A. domesticated B. house – broken

C. tame D. wild

8. Your cat has scratched me with its ______

A. claws B. hoofs

C. nails D. paws

9. We saw a huge ________ of birds through our binoculars.

A. flock B. herd

C. pack D. shoal

10. Much of our knowledge about evolution comes from the study of ________

A. artefacts B. fossils

C. relics D. ruins