MATH26 M4 Applications Manguilimotan BSEDMath3A

Name: Manguilimotan, Retchel A. BSED MATH 3A Instructor: Alvin C.
Consarva
MATH 26
Module 3 (Applications)
Lesson 1: Polynomial Functions and Graph
Application
A. State the degree and leading coefficient of each polynomial in one variable. If it is not a
polynomial in one variable, explain why.
1. 5x6 — 8x2
Answer:
It is a polynomial in one variable.
The degree is 6, and the leading coefficient is 5.
2. 2b + 4b3 — 3b5 — 7
Answer:
It is a polynomial in one variable.
The degree is 5, and the leading coefficient is -3.
B. Find p(3) and p(—1) for each function.

1. p(x) = —x3 + x2 — x
Answer:
3 2 3 2
p(3)=— x + x — x p(−1)=— x + x — x
3 2
p(3)=— (3)3 +(3)2 — 3 p(−1)=— (−1 ) + (−1 ) — (−1)
p(3)=— 27+ 9 — 3 p (−1 )=1+1+1
p(3)=— 21 p(−1)=3
2. p(x) = x4 — 3x3 + 2x2 — 5x + 1

Answer:
4 3 2
p ( 3 )=x −3 x +2 x −5 x+1 p(−1)=x 4 −3 x3 +2 x 2−5 x+1
p(3)=( 3 )4−3 ( 3 )3 +2 ( 3 )2−5(3)+1 p(−1)=(−1 ) 4−3 (−1 )3 +2 (−1 )2 −5(−1)+ 1
p ( 3 )=81−81+18−15+ 1 p (−1 )=1+3+2+5+1
p(3)=4 p(−1)=12
C. If p(x) = 2x3 + 6x — 12 and q(x) = 5x2 + 4, find each value.

1. p(a3)
Answer:
p ( a3 ) =2 x 3 +6 x−12
p ( a3 ) =2(a3 )3 +6( a3 )−12
p ( a3 ) =2 a9 +6 a 3−12
2. 5[q(2a)]
Answer:
5 [ q ( 2 a ) ] =5 [5 x 2 +4 ]
5 [ q ( 2 a ) ] =5 [5 (2 a)2 + 4]
5 [ q ( 2 a ) ] =5 ¿
5 [ q ( 2 a ) ] =5 [20 a + 4 ]
2
5 [ q ( 2 a ) ] =100 a + 20¿
2
3. 3p(a) — q(a + 1)
Answer:
3 p ( a )−q ( a+1 )=3 ( 2 x + 6 x−12 )−5 x +4
3 2
3 p ( a )−q ( a+1 )=3 ( 2 a 3+ 6 a−12 ) −5( a+1)2 + 4

3
3 p ( a )−q ( a+1 )=6 a +18 a−36−5 (a¿¿ 2+2 a+1)+ 4 ¿
3 p ( a )−q ( a+1 )=6 a3 +18 a−36−5 a 2+10 a+5+4
3 p ( a )−q ( a+1 )=6 a3−5 a 2+28 a−27
D. For the graph below,

a) describe the end behavior,
Answer:
Left f (x) →+ ∞ Right f ( x ) →−∞
as x →−∞ as x →+∞
b) determine whether it represents an odd-degree or an even-degree polynomial function, and
Answer:
Degree: odd-degree
c) state the number of real zeros.
Answer:
• The graph intersects the x-axis at three
points, so the function has
three real zeros.
E. Graph each polynomial function by making a table of values.

1. f(x) = x3 — x2 — 4x + 4
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 1.5 2 3
0 - 0 10
f(x) -20 0 6 4
0.875
• ¿ ( x ) →−∞ as x →−∞ ¿ f ( x ) →+ ∞ as x →+∞
• It is an odd-degree polynomial function.
• The graph intersects the x-axis at three points, so the function has three real zeros.
2. f(x) = x4 — 7x2 + x + 5
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
f(x) 20 -9 -2 5 0 -5
• ¿ ( x ) →+ ∞ as x →−∞ ¿ f ( x ) →+ ∞ as x →+∞
• It is an even-degree polynomial function.
• The graph intersects the x-axis at four points, so the function has four real zeros.
F. Determine consecutive values of x between which each real zero of each
function is located. Then draw the graph.
1. f(x) = x3 — x2 + 1
X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
f(x) -35 -11 -1 1 1 5 19
Subtracting f(x) = -1 and f(x) = 1 is equal to zero and this indicate that there are zeroes between x
= -1 and x = 0.
2. f(x) = x4 — 4x2 + 2
Solution:
X -2 -1 0 1 2
f(x) 2 -1 2 -1 2
The changes in sign indicate that there are zeros between x = —2 and x = -1, between x = 0 and x
= 1, and between x = 1 and x = 2.
G. Graph each polynomial function. Estimate the x-coordinates at which the

relative maxima and relative minima occur.
1. f(x) = x3 + 2x2 — 3x — 5
Solution:
X -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
f(x) -5 1 -1 -5 -5 5
 The values of f(x) change signs between x = —2 and x = —1, and between x = 1 and x = 2,
indicating a zero of the function.
 The value of f(x) at x = 2 is greater than the surrounding points, so it is a relative maximum.
 The value of f(x) at x = 0 is less than the surrounding points, so it is a relative minimum.
2. f(x) = x4 — 8x2 + 10
Solution:
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
f(x) 19 -6 3 10 3 -6 19
 The values of f(x) change signs between x = —2 and x = —1 and between x = 1 and x = 2,
indicating a zero of the function.
 The value of f(x) at x = 0 is greater than the surrounding points, so it is a relative maximum.
 The value of f(x) at x = 2 is less than the surrounding points, so it is a relative minimum.
H. For Exercises 1–3, use the following information.
The number of cable TV systems after 1985 can be modeled by the function C(t) = —43.2t2 +
1343t + 790, where t represents the number of years since 1985.
1.Graph this equation for the years 1985 to 2005.

Solution: 2005 – 1985 = 20 (t)
t 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
5 7 8 10 11 11
f(t) 790 3 9 900 10 967.2 10370
470.8 292.8 769.2 685.2 124.4 218.8
303.2
Number of cable
TV systems
Years since 1985
2. Describe the turning points of the graph and its end behavior.
 There is a relative maximum between 1999 and 2001 and a relative minimum between 1985
and 1987. For the end behavior, as t increases, F(t) increases.
3. What trends in cable TV subscriptions does the graph suggest?

 Average number of cable TV systems in 1985 is low and then around 2001 it hit a maximum
point. Since 1999, the number of cable TV has risen and continues to rise.
Lesson 2: System of Linear Equations and Solving Pairs of Linear Equations.
Application
A. Solve each system by graphing.
1. {
y=3 x−4
y =x+2
Solution:
y=3 x−4 y=x +2
x -2 -1 0 1 2 x -2 -1 0 1 2 3
f(x) -10 -7 -4 -1 2 f(x) 0 1 2 3 4 5
The graphs of y=3 x−4 and y=x +2 intersect at (3, 5). Hence, the solution of the system y=3 x−4
and y=x +2 is x = 3 and y = 5.
2. {−3x−3 y=2
x+ 9 y =−6
Solution:
x−3 y=2 −3 x+ 9 y=−6
x -2 -1 0 1 2 X 1 2 3 4 5
f(x) -4/3 -1 -2/3 -1/3 0 f(x) -1/3 0 1/3 2/3 1
The graphs of x−3 y=2 and −3 x+ 9 y=−6 coincide. Hence, the system x−3 y=2 and
−3 x+ 9 y=−6 has infinite number of solutions.
B. Solve each system of linear equations by substitution.

1. {
3 x −2 y =9
y=2 x−7
Solution:
3 x−2 y=9
3 x−2 y+ 2 y =2 y + 9
3 x=2 y+ 9
2y
x= +3
3
y=2 x−7
2y
y=2( +3)−7
3
4y
y= +6−7
3
4y
y= −1
3
4y
y− =−1
3
4
y (1− )=−1
3
−1
y= =3
4
1−
3
y=2 x−7
3=2 x−7
3+7=2 x
10=2 x
5=x
3 x−2 y=9 ; x=5∧ y=3 y=2 x−7 ; x=5∧ y=3

3(5)−2(3)=9 3=2(5)−7
15−6=9 3=10−7
9=9 3=3
Hence, x=5∧ y=3 are true to 3 x−2 y=9 and y=2 x – 7

3 x−2 y=9
Therefore, the solution to the system is the ordered pair (5,3)
y=2 x−7
2. {xy=−x
+4 y=6
+3
Solution:
x +4 y=6
x +4 y−4 y=6−4 y
x=6−4 y
y=−x+3
y=−(6−4 y)+3
y=−6+4 y+ 3
y=−3+4 y
y−4 y=−3
−3 y=−3
y=1
y=−x+3
1=−x +3
x=3−1=2
x +4 y=6 ; x=2∧ y=1 y=−x+3 ; x=2∧ y=1

2+ 4(1)=6 1=−2+ 3
6=6 1=1
Hence, x=2∧ y=1 are true to x +4 y=6 and y=−x+3

x+4 y=6
Therefore, the solution to the system is the ordered pair (2,1)
y=−x+3
C. Solve each system of equations by elimination.

1. { x+2 y=−2
−3 x+2 y=−10
Solution:
x +2 y =−2
−( x+2 y=−2)
−x−2 y=2
−3 x+ 2 y =−10
−x−2 y=2
−4 x=−8
x=2
−3 x+ 2 y =−10
−3(2)+2 y=−10
−6+ 2 y=−10
2 y=6−10
−4
y= =−2
2
x +2 y =−2 ; x=2∧ y=−2 −3 x+ 2 y =−10 ; x=2∧ y=−2

2+2(−2)=−2 −3(2)+2(−2)=−10
−2=−2 −10=10
Hence, x=2∧ y=−2 are true to x +2 y =−2 and −3 x+ 2 y =−10
x +2 y =−2
Therefore, the solution to the system is the ordered pair (2, -2)
−3 x+ 2 y =−10
2. { 3 x+ y =23
3 x −2 y =8
Solution:
3 x+ y=23
2(3 x + y=23)
6 x +2 y=46
6 x +2 y=46
3 x−2 y=8
9 x=54
x=6
3 x−2 y=8
3(6)−2 y=8
18−2 y =8
18−8=2 y
10=2 y
5= y
3 x+ y=23 ; x=6∧ y=5 3 x−2 y=8 ; x=6∧ y=5

3(6)+5=23 3(6)−2(5)=8
18+5=23 18−10=8
23=23 8=8
Hence, x=6∧ y=5 are true to 3 x+ y=23 and 3 x−2 y=8

3 x + y=23
Therefore, the solution to the system is the ordered pair (6, 5)
3 x−2 y=8
D. Solve Problems 1-2 using augmented matrix methods.

1. x1 - 2x2 = 1
2x1 - x2 = 5
Solution:
[ |]
1 −2 1
2 −1 5
−2 R1+ R 2 → R2=
[ 1 −2 1
0 3 3 |]
1
3
R2 → R2 =
[
1 −2 1
0 1 1 |]
2 R 2+ R 1 → R 1 =
[ |]
1 03
0 11
x 1=3 x 1+ 0 x 2=3
x 2=1 0 x 1+ x 2=1
Checking:
x 1−2 x2 =1 2 x1 −x2 =5
3−2(1)=1 2(3)−1=5
1=1 5=5
Therefore, x1 = 3 and x2 = 1.
2. x1 + 3x2 = 1
3x1 - 2x2 = 14
Solution:
[ 1 3 1
| ]
3 −2 14
−3 R1 + R2 → R2= 1
[3 1
0 −11 11 | ]
−1
11
R 2 → R 2=
[ | ]
1 3 1
0 1 −1
[ | ]
−3 R2 + R1 → R1=
1 0 4
0 1 −1
x 1=4 x 1+ 0 x 2=3
x 2=−1 0 x 1+ x 2=−1
Checking:
x 1+ 3 x 2=1 3 x 1−2 x 2=14
4 +3(−1)=1 2(4)−2(−1)=14
1=1 10=14
As we can see the second equation is not satisfied by any ordered pair of real numbers.
Therefore, the original system is inconsistent and has no solution.

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Name: Manguilimotan, Retchel A. BSED MATH 3A Instructor: Alvin C.

B. Find p(3) and p(—1) for each function.

2. p(x) = x4 — 3x3 + 2x2 — 5x + 1

C. If p(x) = 2x3 + 6x — 12 and q(x) = 5x2 + 4, find each value.

3 p ( a )−q ( a+1 )=3 ( 2 a 3+ 6 a−12 ) −5( a+1)2 + 4

D. For the graph below,

E. Graph each polynomial function by making a table of values.

G. Graph each polynomial function. Estimate the x-coordinates at which the

H. For Exercises 1–3, use the following information.

1.Graph this equation for the years 1985 to 2005.

Years since 1985

3. What trends in cable TV subscriptions does the graph suggest?

B. Solve each system of linear equations by substitution.

3 x−2 y=9 ; x=5∧ y=3 y=2 x−7 ; x=5∧ y=3

Hence, x=5∧ y=3 are true to 3 x−2 y=9 and y=2 x – 7

x +4 y=6 ; x=2∧ y=1 y=−x+3 ; x=2∧ y=1

Hence, x=2∧ y=1 are true to x +4 y=6 and y=−x+3

C. Solve each system of equations by elimination.

x +2 y =−2 ; x=2∧ y=−2 −3 x+ 2 y =−10 ; x=2∧ y=−2

3 x+ y=23 ; x=6∧ y=5 3 x−2 y=8 ; x=6∧ y=5

Hence, x=6∧ y=5 are true to 3 x+ y=23 and 3 x−2 y=8

D. Solve Problems 1-2 using augmented matrix methods.

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