Lab # 10

BAHRIA UNIVERSITY KARACHI CAMPUS

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

LAB EXPERIMENT # 10

FDM Multiplexer & De-Multiplexer

TOOLS:
1. Mathworks MATLAB 2010 or Latest.

THEORY:
If the transmission channel consists only of one modulated signal, then the usage of the channel is very
low and the efficiency is also not good. Therefore, in order to comfort with the economic benefit, the
channel must be able to transmit multiple signals, such as in the telephone system. As you know the
frequency range of the sound is 300Hz to 3 KHz so in order to transmit this kind of signal via a single
channel, we must divide the signal into several slots to prevent the interference then we can obtain the
signal at the receiver.

There are two types of signal division

FDM Multiplexing:
Figure 11.1 is the system block diagram of FDM. Like TDM, FDM is used to transmit multiple signals
over the same communication channel simultaneously. However, unlike TDM, FDM does not use pulse
modulation. Considering that all the input audio signals are low pass pattern and after each input signal,
there will be a low pass filter to remove all the unwanted signals except the audio signals. Then the

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audio signals will be sent into the modulator so that the frequency range of the signals will shift to
different region. The conversion of the frequency is controlled by the carrier signal. Therefore, we
utilize the simplest technique which is the AM modulation to implement the modulator. Then the
modulated signal will pass through a band pass filter which can limit the signal bandwidth to prevent
the interference between each signal. Finally, the signals will be added by a linear adder. As compare
to TDM, we utilize AM modulation to implement FDM system and sampling to implement TDM
system.

Figure 10-1 FDM Block diagram

FDM De-Multiplexing:
There are multiple ways to implement FDM de-multiplexer. One of the method is shown in figure 11.2.
Let the FDM signals pass through a band pass filter, this filter will remove the signal which its
frequency is larger and lower than f0 and only left a single DSB-SC modulated signal. After that, this
signal will pass through the LPF which recover the modulated signal and obtain the original audio
signal. While Figure (4.5) shows the second way to implement the FDM de-multiplexer which is called
synchronous product detection. After the signal passes through the synchronous product detector, we
will add a LPF to remove all the unwanted signals and recover the original audio signal.

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 Figure 10-2: FDM De-Mux Block diagram

PROCEDURE:
MATLAB Code:
clc;
clear all;
close all;

%Frequency Division Multiplexing

Fs=25e3;
T=0.02;
t=0:1/Fs:T;

% Signal 1

fc=2500;
ct=cos(2*pi*fc*t);
st=sin(2*pi*100*t);

DSBSC=ct.*st;

subplot(3,2,1)
plot(t,DSBSC);
title('Time domain DSBSC signal fin=100,fc=2500');
xlabel('Time duration');
ylabel('Amplitude');

xfft=abs(fft(DSBSC));

subplot(3,2,2)
plot(t,xfft);

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title('frequency domainDSBSC signal');
xlabel('Time duration');
ylabel('Amplitude');

% signal 2

fc1=1200;
ct1=cos(2*pi*fc1*t);
st1=sin(2*pi*50*t);

DSBSC1=ct1.*st1;

subplot(3,2,3)
plot(t,DSBSC1);
title('Time domain DSBSC1 signal fin=50,fc=1200');
xlabel('Time duration');
ylabel('Amplitude');

xfft=abs(fft(DSBSC1));

subplot(3,2,4)
plot(t,xfft);
title('frequency domainDSBSC1 signal');
xlabel('Time duration');
ylabel('Amplitude');

% signal 3

fc2=3000;
ct2=cos(2*pi*fc2*t);
st2=sin(2*pi*120*t);

DSBSC2=ct2.*st2;

subplot(3,2,5)
plot(t,DSBSC2);
title('Time domain DSBSC2 signal fin=120,fc=3000');
xlabel('Time duration');
ylabel('Amplitude');

xfft=abs(fft(DSBSC2));

subplot(3,2,6)
plot(t,xfft);
title('frequency domain DSBSC2 signal');
xlabel('Time duration');
ylabel('Amplitude');

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% Original Message Signals Before AMDSBSC

figure;
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(t,st);
title('Message signal st');
xlabel('Time duration');
ylabel('Amplitude');

subplot(3,1,2);
plot(t,st1);
title('Message signal st1');
xlabel('Time duration');
ylabel('Amplitude');

subplot(3,1,3);
plot(t,st2);
title('Message signal st2');
xlabel('Time duration');
ylabel('Amplitude');

% Multiplexing all signals

figure;

Xfdm = DSBSC+DSBSC1+DSBSC2;

subplot(2,1,1)
plot(t,Xfdm);
title('Mulitplexed signal');
xlabel('Time duration');
ylabel('Amplitude');

Xfdm_fft=fftshift(abs(fft(Xfdm,length(Xfdm))));

subplot(2,1,2)
plot(Xfdm_fft);
title('frequency domain Mulitplexed signal');
xlabel('Time duration');
ylabel('Amplitude');

% BPF1 for DSBSC bandpass (2400hz - 2600hz)

%%fdesign.highpass(Fstop, Fpass, Astop, Apass)

bpf = fdesign.bandpass('Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2',2400,2410,2590,

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 2600,60,1,80,8000);

% Design the filter

D = design(bpf);

% apply the filter

BPF1 = filter(D,DSBSC);

figure

DSBSC_BPF1=conv(BPF1,Xfdm);

subplot(3,2,1)
plot(DSBSC_BPF1);
title('filtered DSBSC signal');
xlabel('Time duration');
ylabel('Amplitude');
subplot(3,2,2)

XDSBSC_BPF1=fftshift(abs(fft(DSBSC_BPF1,length(DSBSC_BPF1))));

plot(XDSBSC_BPF1);
title('frequency domain filtered DSBSC signal');

% BPF2 for DSBSC1 bandpass (1150hz - 1250hz)

bpf2 = fdesign.bandpass('Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2',1150,1160,1240,
1250,60,1,80,8000);

% Design the filter

D = design(bpf2);

% apply the filter

BPF2 = filter(D,DSBSC1);

DSBSC1_BPF2=conv(BPF2,Xfdm);

subplot(3,2,3)
plot(DSBSC1_BPF2);
xlim([0 610]);
title('filtered DSBSC1 signal');
xlabel('Time duration');
ylabel('Amplitude');
subplot(3,2,4)

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XDSBSC1_BPF2=fftshift(abs(fft(DSBSC1_BPF2,length(DSBSC1_BPF2))));

plot(XDSBSC1_BPF2);
title('frequency domain filtered DSBSC1 signal');

% BPF3 for DSBSC2 bandpass (2880hz - 3120hz)

bpf3 = fdesign.bandpass('Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2',2880,2890,3110,
3120,60,1,80,8000);

% Design the filter

D = design(bpf3);

% apply the filter

BPF3 = filter(D,DSBSC2);

DSBSC2_BPF3=conv(BPF3,Xfdm);

subplot(3,2,5)
plot(DSBSC2_BPF3);

title('filtered DSBSC2 signal');

XDSBSC2_BPF3=fftshift(abs(fft(DSBSC2_BPF3,length(DSBSC2_BPF3))));

plot(XDSBSC2_BPF3);
title('frequency domain filtered DSBSC2 signal');

% Demodulation Process After Filteration

figure

% Signal 1

ODSBSC=demod(DSBSC,fc,25e3);

subplot(3,1,1)
plot(ODSBSC);
title('Message signal st after Demod');
xlabel('Time duration');
ylabel('Amplitude');

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% Signal 2

ODSBSC=demod(DSBSC1,fc1,25e3);
subplot(3,1,2)
plot(ODSBSC);
title('Message signal st1 Demod');
xlabel('Time duration');
ylabel('Amplitude');

% Signal 3

ODSBSC=demod(DSBSC2,fc2,25e3);

subplot(3,1,3)
plot(ODSBSC);
title('Message signal st2 Demod');
xlabel('Time duration');
ylabel('Amplitude');

QUESTION:

 Plot the graphs of Original Audio signal, AM waves, Spectrums, FDM output and recovered
signals.

CONCLUSION:

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