[00:00:08.

970] - Speaker 1
So welcome to BGP video trainings. Now, in this section, we'll start with some of the basics of PGP like
basic concepts and terminology. So if you just try to look into the basic things, what we are going to see
first, we'll start with Autonomous System Number. What is autonomous system number. And then we'll
see the differences between IGP and EGP protocols, some of the basic features of BGP, and then we'll
see the loop prevention mechanism in the BGP.

[00:00:36.320] - Speaker 1
And then finally we'll wrap up this video by understanding when it is more appropriate to use BGP and
when it is not really recommended to use BGP. So let's get started. First with autonomous system
number. Now, from our basic CCN studies, we already learned what is Autonomous System Number.
Autonomous system number is simple.

[00:00:57.780] - Speaker 1
It's a collection of networks under a single common administrative domain. So that's what we say. It's a
collection of routers under a single administrative domain. Like, take an example, I go to an organization
where it has specific locations and all are part of the same organization. Let's say it is a number 100 and
this organization is, let's say ABC, and all the routers within that organization will be represented with one
number.

[00:01:27.560] - Speaker 1
And we call that as autonomous system number. Okay? Now, the next thing is like similar way we can
have multiple autonomous system numbers and if you want to communicate within the same autonomous
system number or within the same organization, generally we use IGP protocols. Like whatever the
protocols we learn in our previous videos, in the basic CCNA CCNP videos. So we call Rip.

[00:01:54.130] - Speaker 1
Rip version two iGRP no more used EHRP? OSP of ISS. These are all IGP protocols. So the main
difference is IGP protocols operates within the same autonomous system number. So if you want to
communicate within the same organization or same autonomous systems, then we use something called
interior gateway protocols.

[00:02:14.500] - Speaker 1
We call them as IGP protocols. So all these protocols listed here, they are typically your IGP protocols.
But let's say if you want to communicate between two or more different autonomous system members,
then we use an exterior gateway routing protocol. And the only protocol which is running on the Internet,
which is allowing you to exchange the route between two or more different autonomous system members
is PGP protocol. So BGP is the only protocol which is running in the Internet backbone and which is
majorly responsible for maintaining the routes or exchanging the routes between the two or more different
autonomous systems.

[00:02:50.890] - Speaker 1
And the service providers use BGB protocol and by using BGP, they control all the routing information. So
BGP is the only protocol which is designed for a huge network that is internet. So we'll see some of the
points anyway, more into that, more in detail about the BGP features. Now, in this section we have seen
the Autonomous System number. It suggests routers under a common administration.

[00:03:17.790] - Speaker 1
Now, if you are communicating between two or more different autonomous system numbers. Like we are
trying to see exchange route between two or more different autonomous system numbers. We use a
protocol called PGP, okay? So next thing what we'll see is we'll get into IGP routing. Like when we talk
about IGP routing, we have seen static default and dynamic routings.

[00:03:39.730] - Speaker 1
And inside that dynamic routing we have seen Rap, EHR, POSP of ISS, all these protocols. So all these
protocols operate within the same autonomous system numbers. So we call them as IGP protocols. But if
you want to communicate between two or more different autonomous system numbers, we use a BGP
protocol. So first we'll start with some of the basic features of BGP.

[00:04:00.590] - Speaker 1
Like BGP is a standard protocol. You can run this protocol on any vendor device and it is an exterior
gateway routing protocol. Exterior in the sense it is going to exchange the routes between two or more
different autonomous system members. So we call it as exterior gateway protocol and it is specially
designed for inter aus domain routing. Inter S means communication between two or more different
autonomous system numbers.

[00:04:26.860] - Speaker 1
Let's say this is as 100, want to communicate with as 200. Like, I got a previous diagram between these
two S. We use BGP protocol and is specially designed to scale a huge internet work like Internet, it
supports class lists and then it supports all your Flsm Vlssm's EDR manual and auto summarizations. All
these things are supported in the BGP just like we have in all our IGP protocols. And it's similar to your
internal protocol updates or incremental and trigger updates are supported and we call BGP as a path
vector protocol.

[00:05:05.390] - Speaker 1
Now, what does mean by prod vector? So path vector is a method of extending the routes along with a
path information. Like, take an example here, I got a diagram here, you can see the diagram here. Now
let's take an example. This router is going to advertise this ten 10 network.

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So now this router is going to advise this network into the next autonomous systems, which means it is
going from one as to another as. So it is going to carry that ten one one dot network and at the same time
it is going to carry the as path information. So it is coming from which is 65,400 as. Now when it sends, it
is going to pass on this information to this router. And when this router is going to pass on the information
to next router or next autonomous systems, it is going to carry the network information just like your
normal IGB protocol, but it is going to carry the autonomous system path information.

[00:06:09.700] - Speaker 1
So it's going to say that it's coming from 65 400, that is this as, and then it is coming from these two S. So
it's crossing these two autonomous systems and reaching here. And finally when this router is going to
send it to other router, it is going to pass on that information like it is originating from this as and then it
has reached the next s and then finally it has reached this is the last s. So we call this as path information
and when it is going to carry any routing update, it's going to make sure that it is going to carry this
autonomous system path information. Now this is very useful especially when you are especially in a loop
prevention mechanism.

[00:06:54.410] - Speaker 1
There is something called loop prevention mechanism which I'll be discussing in our next video, next
sections probably I'll get into that more in detail. Okay, so we call it as path vector protocol where it is
going to carry the path information from which autonomous system hops it is moving on. So that's the
reason we call as path vector protocol. And then some more differences, some more features of BGP. It
sends updates to manually neighbors using unicast.

[00:07:25.300] - Speaker 1
So at this point I'll get into more clear when I get into BGP neighbors. Now this point will tell that like
manually you have to convert the neighborhood. Now what is manually? Let's take an example. We got
two routers and if I'm running OSPF protocol or any other protocol, let's say EHRP protocol by default
when you advertise this interface, it is going to send a hello message to the other side of the interface and
then it is going to reply to that hello message.

[00:07:56.200] - Speaker 1
Based on that hello messages they automatically establish a neighborship. So they'll automatically
become the neighbors and they automatically build a neighbor table. That is something automatic
neighborship. But in BGP we don't have that. In BGP we have to manually configure the neighbor.
[00:08:12.440] - Speaker 1
Which means we need to say that router two you are man able. Let's say this is router one. Router two on
the router one you have to configure a neighbor command saying that you are man able and on the router
two you have to configure a neighbor command saying that router one is the neighbor of router two. And if
both the sites neighbor command matches, if everything is properly configured, then you'll find the
neighborship comes up that's what manual neighborship configurations. We got some initial laps majorly
dedicated on this.

[00:08:44.550] - Speaker 1
So I'm not getting into practical things. Probably in our next couple of videos in the third or fourth video
probably will directly jump to this lab where I will also show you the configuration, how it goes and some
more detail on whatever we discussed. So next thing, it's a BGP's application level protocol for reliability.
It uses TCP protocol, it works on port number 179 and the metric metric. It uses a lot of attributes.

[00:09:12.350] - Speaker 1
So we got a weight attribute, local preference and as path origin. Next stop we got lot of attributes. BGP
supports very rich emotive attributes which can affect the path manipulation process. Like in OSPF it uses
bandwidth and the default formula it uses is ten to the power of eight divided by bandwidth. In case of
EHRP, it is going to use bandwidth delay load, MTU reliability.