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Work Energy Power

The document discusses concepts related to work, energy, and power in physics. It defines work as the product of force and displacement, discusses different forms of energy including kinetic energy and potential energy, and how the principle of conservation of energy applies. It also defines power as the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred, and provides examples of calculating work, energy, and power in different physical situations.

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Yesha Norraine
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72 views34 pages

Work Energy Power

The document discusses concepts related to work, energy, and power in physics. It defines work as the product of force and displacement, discusses different forms of energy including kinetic energy and potential energy, and how the principle of conservation of energy applies. It also defines power as the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred, and provides examples of calculating work, energy, and power in different physical situations.

Uploaded by

Yesha Norraine
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Work,

Energy,
&
Power
teacher: mdml
What are the
main
compositions
of the
universe?
The Conservation of Energy Principle
The total energy in the universe is unchanged
by any physical process:

total energy before = total energy after.


What is the Unit of Energy?
Some Common Forms of Energy
Some Common Forms of Energy
Work, W
When a constant force, F is applied to a body and the
body undergoes a displacement, ∆𝒙 parallel to the
direction of the force, the force is said to have done
work on the body. Quantitatively:

𝑊 = 𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ∙ ∆𝑥
Illustrative Problems:
The person in the image pushes a car with a force of
650 N, moving the car a distance of 4.3 m. How
much work does he do?
Find the work done by a 45-N force in pulling the
0
suitcase at an angle 50 for a distance s 75 m.
The brakes of a truck cause it to slow down by
applying a retarding force of 3000 N to the truck over a
distance of 850 m. What is the work done by this force
on the truck? Is the work positive or negative? Why?
The waiter carries a 2-kg tray a horizontal distance of
3 m. Calculate the work done in carrying the tray.
The Work-Energy Theorem

This theorem is a consequence of 3 basic principles/equations:

1. Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion

2. The Work done by a force through a distance

3. The kinematic equation: 𝑉 2 = 𝑉02 + 2𝑎∆𝑥


Examples:
It takes 185 𝑘𝐽 of work to accelerate a car from
23 𝑚/𝑠 to 28 𝑚/𝑠. What is the car’s mass?
A 6.0 − 𝑘𝑔 block initially at rest is pulled to the right
along a frictionless, horizontal surface by a horizontal
force of magnitude 12 𝑁. Find the block’s speed after it
has moved through a horizontal distance of 3.0 𝑚.
If you lifted
books from the
floor and put
them in a table,
did you do work
on the books?
Work Done by the Force of Gravity:
Gravitational Potential Energy
Examples:
A 2-kg book is lifted from the floor and laid on a
table 1 m high. How much work is done on the
book?
Conservative V. Nonconservative Forces
1. The work done by a conservative force on a
particle moving between any two points is
independent of the path taken by the particle.
2. The work done by a conservative force on a
particle moving through any closed path is zero.
(A closed path is one for which the beginning
point and the endpoint are identical.)
The Conservation of Energy Principle:
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
The Conservation of Mechanical Energy, E:
When only conservative forces act
Mechanical Energy: 𝐸 = 𝐾𝐸 + 𝑃𝐸

Conservation of Mechanical Energy Principle:


𝐸 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡

KE + PE = constant
Illustration:
Examples:
A 20 – g ball is thrown straight upward with an
initial speed of 8 m/s. What is the maximum height it
reaches? If a heavier ball is thrown at the same initial
speed, will it reach the same maximum height?
Neglect air resistance.
A motorcyclist is trying to leap across the canyon by
driving horizontally off the cliff at a speed of 38 m/s.
Ignoring air resistance, find the speed with which the
cycle strikes the ground on the other side.
A 47-g golf ball is driven from the tee with an initial
speed of 52 m/s and rises to a height of 25 m. (a) Neglect
air resistance and determine the kinetic energy of the
ball at its highest point. (b) What is its speed when it is 8
m below its highest point?
If Nonconservative Forces apply?
The Kingda Ka rollercoaster
includes a vertical drop of 127 m.
Suppose that the total mass of the
coaster and its passengers is 2000 kg
and that it has a speed of 6 m/s at
the top of the drop and 45 m/s at
the bottom. Find the work due to air
resistance and friction.
Starting from rest, a 93-kg firefighter slides down a fire
pole. The average frictional force exerted on him by the
pole has a magnitude of 810 N, and his speed at the
bottom of the pole is 3.4 m/s. How far did he slide down
the pole?
𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓, 𝑷
Power is the rate at which Work is done, or the
rate at which Energy is transferred.

𝑾
𝑷=
𝒕
Other equations of Power:
Is the kilowatt-hour (kWh) a unit of
energy or power?
Examples:
A car accelerates uniformly from rest to 20 m/s in 5.6 s
along a level stretch of road. Ignoring friction,
determine the average power required to accelerate the
car if the car has a mass of 800 kg.
An elevator car has a mass of 1600 kg and is carrying
passengers having a combined mass of 200 kg. A
constant friction force of 4000 N retards its motion. How
much power must a motor deliver to lift the elevator car
and its passengers at a constant speed of 3 m/s?
An 810-kg helicopter rises
from rest to a speed of 7
m/s in a time of 3.5 s.
During this time it climbs
to a height of 8.2 m. What
is the average power
generated by the lifting
force?

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